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1
What if you were born completely empty?
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What if the universe literally does not care about you at all, and every rule you follow is completely fake?
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Today, we are exploring the ultimate question.
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What gives your life meaning?
5
Oh, wow.
6
Yeah, it is.
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It's a question that can really induce a genuine sense of vertigo, you know.
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Oh, absolutely.
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Vertigo is the perfect word for it.
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It's totally dizzying.
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Right, because when you strip away all those comforting narratives we've built up over,
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well, millennia, what you're left with is just this overwhelming expanse of possibility.
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And that's exactly what we're getting into.
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In today's deep dive, we're going to explore three major shifts in human thought, confront two life-altering choices, and master five complex phrasal verbs,
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all leading up to one ultimate truth about your personal freedom.
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That is a total of 11 critical learning points, right?
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Exactly.
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11 points that will completely change how you view your existence.
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But before we jump in, welcome to this deep dive which is your English learning podcast for daily life, real conversation, and easy listening practice.
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So glad to have you here with us.
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Hey, if you'd like to support our work, please don't skip the ads.
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They help us keep creating high quality content and bring you even better lessons in the future.
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You can also join our membership program to get access to exclusive content, special resources, and many more valuable topics.
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Your support truly makes a difference.
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It really does.
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Thank you to everyone already supporting us.
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Now, I want to talk directly to you, the listener.
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If you're a B2 or C1 English learner, you're not just here for surface level grammar, right?
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You want the deep stuff.
30
I want you to actively speak, practice, and really think deeply during this session.
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Exactly.
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You are here to become fluent in life's biggest ideas, not just the language.
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So what is our mission today?
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Well, our mission is to synthesize all this profound philosophical thought on existence and meaning, right?
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Yeah.
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We want to transform these really complex theories into practical wisdom for your daily life.
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All while dramatically expanding your advanced English vocabulary.
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Exactly.
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So let's just unpack this right from the start.
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We spend a truly exhausting amount of energy trying to find meaning.
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Oh, yeah.
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People look for it everywhere.
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Religion, politics, art, career, even just like making your social media aesthetic look perfect.
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Right.
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It's this universal hunger.
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But what is truly fascinating is how a specific group of thinkers, you know, the existentialists, approach this craving.
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Right.
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Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
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It really is.
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They essentially say that, yes, your career or family can give your life meaning.
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But fundamentally, in a cosmic sense, none of it possesses any inherent meaning at all.
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Wait.
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I mean, they can provide meaning, but they inherently possess no meaning.
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That sounds like a whittle.
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It does.
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Yeah.
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But to understand it, we really have to travel back in time.
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We have to look at what they were reacting to.
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Let's do it.
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We're going back to ancient Greece, right?
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The baseline of all this.
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Yes.
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So we're talking about thinkers like Plato and Aristotle, and they believed in this framework called essentialism.
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Essentialism.
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So what exactly is the concept of essence here?
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Under essentialism, it is believed that everything has a core set of properties, an essence that makes it what it is.
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Can you give us an analogy to make that a bit more concrete?
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Sure.
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Let's use the classic knife analogy.
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Think about a knife.
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It could have a wooden handle, a metal handle, whatever.
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But the handle doesn't really matter.
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Exactly.
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But without a blade, without the ability to cut, it's no longer a knife.
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Its defining function is its essence.
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And that essence existed as an idea before the knife was even made.
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Okay, I follow that for tools.
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But they applied this to humans too.
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They did.
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They believed human essence exists before we were born.
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Your purpose is given to you, often believed to be by God or nature.
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Wow.
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Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
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Like the pressure is totally off.
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It can be comforting, sure.
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But what happens when you don't know what that purpose is or you're just terrible at it?
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Ah, well that's where the anxiety comes in.
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And this brings us to our first major language focus today, the phrasal verb live up to.
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Live up to.
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That's a great one for our B2 and C1 learners.
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Let's break that down.
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To live up to means to fulfill expectations or a certain standard.
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So in the context of this philosophy, how would we use it?
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You could say under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Let me repeat that for the audience.
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Listen, I want you to repeat this out loud right now.
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Ready?
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Under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Perfect.
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It's that constant pressure to meet a standard you didn't even create.
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And, you know, before humans go off trying to find their grand, deep essence, we just sort of exist in society.
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Yeah, we just make everyday chatter.
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Small talk.
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Exactly.
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We're just going through the motions.
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And actually, let's practice this.
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We're going to do a quick small talk role play about the weather.
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Oh, this is great practice.
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Listener, I'm going to say a line and I want you to respond out loud in the pause break.
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You can say something like, yeah, I hope it clears up soon.
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Ready?
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Here we go.
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Crazy weather we're having lately, right?
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It's been pouring all week.
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Great job.
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That kind of routine, predictable conversation, the small talk, is exactly what later philosophers felt was missing the deeper point of existence.
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He looked at everyone just chatting about the rain and thought, is this it?
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Is this all there is?
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Exactly.
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And before we get to their radical shift that blew all this up, let's take a quick pause.
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Yes.
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If you are enjoying this deep dive into meaning and language so far, please take a second to like, share and subscribe.
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It helps us immensely.
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It really does.
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So let's talk about the late 19th century.
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Right.
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Everything changes.
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Everything.
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Thinkers like Friedrich Nietzsche started challenging essentialism.
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They started embracing this idea called nihilism.
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Nihilism.
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That's a dark one.
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That's basically the belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of life, right?
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That's right.
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The belief that there is no grand design.
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And this gives us a great opportunity to integrate some C1 vocabulary.
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Oh, I love C1 vocabulary.
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What do we have?
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We have two words here.
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Preposterous and imbue.
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Let's start with preposterous.
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P-R-E-P-O-S-T-E-R-U-S.
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What does that mean?
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It means completely contrary to reason or common sense.
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Utterly ridiculous.
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Like it's preposterous to think a dog could drive a car.
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Exactly.
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And the second word is imbue.
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I-M-B-U-E.
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This means to inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality.
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So someone could be imbued with a sense of hope.
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Yes.
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Now let's put them together in a sentence for our listeners.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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Oh, that's a powerful sentence.
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Listener, listen to that again.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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So if nihilism tore down the old house, existentialism was the new house they built.
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And this is where Jean-Paul Sartre comes in, right?
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With his revolutionary framework.
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Yes.
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Sartre flipped the script entirely.
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He said, existence precedes essence.
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Existence comes before essence.
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Let's really analyze that.
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Well, it means we are born first.
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That's the existence part.
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We show up completely blank with no hardwired purpose.
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We're not like the knife.
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There's no blueprint.
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Exactly.
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Then it is entirely up to us to write our own essence through how we choose to live.
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We have to make it up as we go.
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Right.
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And he didn't hide from this terrifying idea.
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He confronted it.
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Which brings us to our second phrasal verb, face head on.
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This is a great C1 idiom.
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How would you explain that one?
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To face something head on means to deal with a difficult situation directly without avoiding it.
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You look right at the problem.
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Like facing a financial crisis head on.
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Exactly.
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So, listener, practice this example sentence out loud with me.
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Instead of running away from a meaningless universe, Sartre decided to face it head on.
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Perfect.
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He just looked right at the void.
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Wait, I have a big question here.
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Does believing you create your own essence mean you have to be an atheist?
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That is a huge misconception.
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No, existentialism is not synonymous with atheism.
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Really?
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Because Sartre was pretty famously atheist?
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He was, but important thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard were theists.
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They were deeply religious.
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How does that work?
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How can you believe in God but not believe you have a set purpose?
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To explain that, we need another C1 vocabulary word, teleology.
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Teleology.
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T-E-L-L-O-G-Y.
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That sounds very academic.
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It is.
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Teleology is the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve.
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Like saying rain exists so that plants can grow.
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Okay, so how does this fit with religious existentialists?
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Well, theistic existentialists deny teleology for humans.
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They believe God exists, but giving your life a specific predetermined meaning is simply not in his job description.
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Wow, that's a great way to frame it.
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God gives you the canvas, but you have to paint the picture.
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Exactly.
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Which leads us to a highly technical concept they talked about a lot, the concept of the absurd.
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The absurd.
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Now we use that word in everyday English to just mean silly.
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Right, like these prices are absurd.
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But in philosophy it's not a joke.
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It is the search for answers in an answerless world.
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It's the friction.
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The imagery they use is so powerful.
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We are creatures who desperately crave meaning, abandoned in a meaningless universe.
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And we're crying out into the wilderness, getting absolutely no response, but we keep crying anyway.
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It's tragic, honestly.
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Which leads to our third phrasal verb, boil down to.
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Boil down to.
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A B2C1 phrase.
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What does it mean?
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It means to reduce something to its most basic essential element, like boiling soup on a stove until only the rich flavor is left.
227
Exactly.
228
So we can say the absurd really boils down to the conflict between our human desire for meaning
229
and the cold, silent universe.
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Boils down to.
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Write that one down in your notes, listeners.
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So let's contextualize this historically.
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Why did all these ideas suddenly explode in the mid-20th century?
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Well, you have to look at the historical catalyst.
235
During and after
236
World War II, the horrors of the Holocaust led people to abandon the belief in an ordered, fair world.
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Right.
238
When atrocities on that scale became possible, meaning became incredibly hard to find.
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Yeah.
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The old ideas of a just universe just fell apart.
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And out of that trauma, Sartre introduced his most agonizing concept.
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The idea that we don't lack meaning, but rather we have a terrifying abundance of freedom.
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He said we are condemned to be free.
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Condemned.
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It sounds so backwards.
246
Freedom is usually a good thing.
247
But because there are no absolute rules, no cosmic justice and no fairness, we are forced to invent our own moral code from scratch.
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And that is exhausting.
249
So what do people usually do?
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They look for fake authorities.
251
Exactly.
252
Relying on parents, the church, or the government for objective answers is a trap.
253
It is believed that they are just people terrified and figuring it out too.
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And if you just follow them blindly, you're doing our fourth phrasal verb, phoning it in.
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Phoning it in.
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This is a very common idiomatic C1 phrase.
257
It means to do something with minimal effort or without genuine engagement, like an actor just reading lines over the telephone.
258
So in this context, if you just follow a path set by society without choosing it yourself, you are phoning it in with your life.
259
You're just sleepwalking.
260
And there's a great idiom that goes with this.
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Yes.
262
Burying your head in the sand.
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The bury your head in the sand, it means refusing to think about an unpleasant situation.
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Sartre called this bad faith.
265
Pretending that something outside of you gives your life meaning, just so you don't have to face your freedom.
266
Like an ostrich hiding from a lion.
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If I don't look at my freedom, it isn't there.
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Exactly.
269
It's much easier to bury your head in the sand.
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Okay, let's put this into a real-life moral dilemma.
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We're at a crossroads here.
272
There's this very famous anecdote of the student.
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Yes, it's believed to have been presented by Sartre to his actual students.
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It's about a young man facing a terrible choice during wartime in occupied France.
275
This gives me chills every time.
276
So the student has option A and option B.
277
Right.
278
Option A, go to war, fight for a great cause, join the resistance.
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But he would be a very small part of a massive movement.
280
And what's the cost of option A?
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He would be leaving his elderly, lonely mother behind.
282
She only has him.
283
Which perfectly introduces our fifth phrasal verb, leave behind.
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This is a strong B2 verb.
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It means to go away and not take someone or something with you.
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So the sentence is, if he went to war, he would leave behind his helpless mother.
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And if he does that, she might die of despair.
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Right.
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So what about option B?
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Option B is he stays with his mother.
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He makes an enormous guaranteed difference in just one person's life. But...
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But he abandons his duty to his country and justice.
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He lets others fight and die for him.
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Wow.
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So he is completely trapped.
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To use another great idiom, he is at a crossroads.
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At a crossroads, meaning he is at a point where a crucial life-altering decision must be made.
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So he goes to Sartre and asks, what should I do?
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What is the right answer?
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And here is the punchline of existentialism.
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The solution to the dilemma is there is no answer.
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No answer.
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None.
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None.
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No moral theory, religious or secular, could help the student do the math on this choice.
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So what was the only true choice?
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The only true choice was whatever choice he made authentically.
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He just had to choose and accept the full weight of his freedom.
309
That is heavy.
310
And I can see why people say this philosophy is depressing.
311
It feels bleak.
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It does.
313
And Albert Camus took it even further.
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He controversially believed that the literal meaning of life is simply whatever you are doing that prevents you from killing yourself.
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Wait, seriously.
316
This sounds incredibly depressing.
317
Is it really all just bleak?
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Do we just suffer?
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No. And this is where we reframe the whole thing.
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This is the turn.
321
Please turn it around because I'm feeling the vertigo.
322
Okay.
323
If the world is inherently devoid of purpose, that means you hold the ultimate power to imbue it with whatever purpose you want.
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Oh, so my blank slate is a superpower.
325
Exactly.
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No one can tell you your life is worthless
327
if you don't achieve traditional standards like wealth or having children or being famous.
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Because those standards are completely fake.
329
Right.
330
And on a global scale, it's a call to action.
331
If we want justice, order and fairness to exist in the world.
332
We have to build them ourselves.
333
Exactly.
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We have to invent them because the universe won't do it for us.
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That is actually incredibly empowering.
336
It's beautiful, really.
337
All right.
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This brings us to our final provocative thought for you, the listener, to mull over today.
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What's the thought?
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If everything you value only exists because you put it there,
341
what old useless meanings are you currently carrying around that you need to throw away today?
342
What if your blank slate is actually your greatest superpower?
343
That is something you can think about all week.
344
Absolutely.
345
Now, I promised you a bonus reveal at the end of the episode.
346
Oh, yes.
347
The psychological tip for language learners.
348
Here it is.
349
Your English fluency doesn't have an essence you're failing to live up to.
350
Your fluency is built purely by your daily existence and practice.
351
You create your English identity.
352
I love that.
353
You are entirely in control of your language journey.
354
Now it's your turn.
355
I have some homework for you.
356
I want you to write one key word or one idiom we explained today, alongside its meaning, in the comment box.
357
And right next to it, write the exact phrase, I am consistent.
358
Yes, write, I am consistent.
359
Prove to us that you are committed to your learning.
360
And please write your feedback in the comments, too.
361
Which kind of topic do you want for the next video?
362
We read every comment.
363
We really do.
364
If you like this deep dive, give it a huge thumbs up.
365
And listen closely.
366
If you want to read an exclusive article about mastering English, go to the description box right now.
367
I have provided a special link.
368
Yes, check out the description box.
369
If you subscribe just once, you will receive a free, high-quality article in your email every single time we release one.
370
It's a fantastic resource for learners.
371
So if you enjoyed this podcast, there are many more podcasts on my channel.
372
Go check them out and binge watch your favorites.
373
Thank you all for joining us on this deep dive.
374
Keep speaking, keep listening, and keep creating your own meaning.
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See you next time.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «C1 ENGLISH LISTENING PRACTICE». Чаще всего повторяются слова: meaning, exactly, essence. В этом видео 375 предложений и 3028 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 16:14. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 186 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| essence существительное | /ˈɛsəns/ | су́щность, суть |
| listener существительное | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | слу́шатель, слу́шательница |
| verb существительное | /vɝb/ | глаго́л |
| knife существительное | /ˈnaɪ̯f/ | нож, но́жик |
| dive глагол | /daɪv/ | ныря́ть, нырну́ть |
| boil глагол | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | кипяти́ть, вскипяти́ть |
| incredibly наречие | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | невероя́тно |
| absurd прилагательное | /əbˈsɜːd/ | абсу́рдный, неле́пый |
| vocabulary существительное | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | слова́рь, слова́рный запа́с |
| belief существительное | /bɪˈliːf/ | ве́ра, дове́рие |
| moral прилагательное | /ˈmoɹəl/ | мора́льный, нравоучи́тельный |
| sand существительное | /sænd/ | песо́к |
| comfort существительное | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | удо́бство, комфо́рт |
| phrase существительное | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | фра́за, выраже́ние |
| blank существительное | /ˈblæŋk/ | загото́вка, болва́нка |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| leave behind глагол | оставля́ть, оста́вить |
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
| fall apart глагол | распада́ться, распа́сться |
| go away глагол | уходи́ть, уйти́ |
| go off глагол | взрыва́ться, взорва́ться |
| show up глагол | объявля́ться, объяви́ться |
| throw away глагол | выбра́сывать, вы́бросить |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- What if you were born completely empty?
- What gives your life meaning?
- Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
- Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
- How would you explain that one?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Условные предложения if + предложение, will/would + глагол — условие и его результат | if he went to war, he would leave · If you subscribe just once, you will receive |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | were born · is believed · was even made |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | we've built · have provided |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 35 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we're, you're, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/, wooden /ˈwʊdn̩/, wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/, homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, wilderness /ˈwɪldɚnəs/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, hunger /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: verb /vɝb/, dive /daɪv/, absurd /əbˈsɜːd/, sand /sænd/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как essence, listener, verb.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.