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What if you were born completely empty?
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What if the universe literally does not care about you at all, and every rule you follow is completely fake?
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Today, we are exploring the ultimate question.
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What gives your life meaning?
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Oh, wow.
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Yeah, it is.
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It's a question that can really induce a genuine sense of vertigo, you know.
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Oh, absolutely.
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Vertigo is the perfect word for it.
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It's totally dizzying.
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Right, because when you strip away all those comforting narratives we've built up over,
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well, millennia, what you're left with is just this overwhelming expanse of possibility.
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And that's exactly what we're getting into.
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In today's deep dive, we're going to explore three major shifts in human thought, confront two life-altering choices, and master five complex phrasal verbs,
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all leading up to one ultimate truth about your personal freedom.
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That is a total of 11 critical learning points, right?
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Exactly.
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11 points that will completely change how you view your existence.
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But before we jump in, welcome to this deep dive which is your English learning podcast for daily life, real conversation, and easy listening practice.
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So glad to have you here with us.
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Hey, if you'd like to support our work, please don't skip the ads.
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They help us keep creating high quality content and bring you even better lessons in the future.
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You can also join our membership program to get access to exclusive content, special resources, and many more valuable topics.
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Your support truly makes a difference.
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It really does.
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Thank you to everyone already supporting us.
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Now, I want to talk directly to you, the listener.
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If you're a B2 or C1 English learner, you're not just here for surface level grammar, right?
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You want the deep stuff.
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I want you to actively speak, practice, and really think deeply during this session.
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Exactly.
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You are here to become fluent in life's biggest ideas, not just the language.
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So what is our mission today?
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Well, our mission is to synthesize all this profound philosophical thought on existence and meaning, right?
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Yeah.
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We want to transform these really complex theories into practical wisdom for your daily life.
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All while dramatically expanding your advanced English vocabulary.
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Exactly.
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So let's just unpack this right from the start.
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We spend a truly exhausting amount of energy trying to find meaning.
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Oh, yeah.
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People look for it everywhere.
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Religion, politics, art, career, even just like making your social media aesthetic look perfect.
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Right.
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It's this universal hunger.
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But what is truly fascinating is how a specific group of thinkers, you know, the existentialists, approach this craving.
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Right.
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Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
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It really is.
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They essentially say that, yes, your career or family can give your life meaning.
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But fundamentally, in a cosmic sense, none of it possesses any inherent meaning at all.
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Wait.
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I mean, they can provide meaning, but they inherently possess no meaning.
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That sounds like a whittle.
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It does.
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Yeah.
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But to understand it, we really have to travel back in time.
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We have to look at what they were reacting to.
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Let's do it.
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We're going back to ancient Greece, right?
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The baseline of all this.
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Yes.
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So we're talking about thinkers like Plato and Aristotle, and they believed in this framework called essentialism.
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Essentialism.
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So what exactly is the concept of essence here?
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Under essentialism, it is believed that everything has a core set of properties, an essence that makes it what it is.
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Can you give us an analogy to make that a bit more concrete?
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Sure.
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Let's use the classic knife analogy.
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Think about a knife.
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It could have a wooden handle, a metal handle, whatever.
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But the handle doesn't really matter.
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Exactly.
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But without a blade, without the ability to cut, it's no longer a knife.
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Its defining function is its essence.
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And that essence existed as an idea before the knife was even made.
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Okay, I follow that for tools.
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But they applied this to humans too.
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They did.
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They believed human essence exists before we were born.
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Your purpose is given to you, often believed to be by God or nature.
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Wow.
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Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
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Like the pressure is totally off.
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It can be comforting, sure.
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But what happens when you don't know what that purpose is or you're just terrible at it?
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Ah, well that's where the anxiety comes in.
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And this brings us to our first major language focus today, the phrasal verb live up to.
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Live up to.
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That's a great one for our B2 and C1 learners.
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Let's break that down.
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To live up to means to fulfill expectations or a certain standard.
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So in the context of this philosophy, how would we use it?
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You could say under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Let me repeat that for the audience.
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Listen, I want you to repeat this out loud right now.
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Ready?
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Under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Perfect.
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It's that constant pressure to meet a standard you didn't even create.
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And, you know, before humans go off trying to find their grand, deep essence, we just sort of exist in society.
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Yeah, we just make everyday chatter.
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Small talk.
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Exactly.
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We're just going through the motions.
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And actually, let's practice this.
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We're going to do a quick small talk role play about the weather.
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Oh, this is great practice.
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Listener, I'm going to say a line and I want you to respond out loud in the pause break.
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You can say something like, yeah, I hope it clears up soon.
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Ready?
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Here we go.
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Crazy weather we're having lately, right?
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It's been pouring all week.
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Great job.
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That kind of routine, predictable conversation, the small talk, is exactly what later philosophers felt was missing the deeper point of existence.
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He looked at everyone just chatting about the rain and thought, is this it?
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Is this all there is?
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Exactly.
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And before we get to their radical shift that blew all this up, let's take a quick pause.
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Yes.
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If you are enjoying this deep dive into meaning and language so far, please take a second to like, share and subscribe.
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It helps us immensely.
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It really does.
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So let's talk about the late 19th century.
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Right.
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Everything changes.
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Everything.
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Thinkers like Friedrich Nietzsche started challenging essentialism.
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They started embracing this idea called nihilism.
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Nihilism.
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That's a dark one.
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That's basically the belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of life, right?
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That's right.
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The belief that there is no grand design.
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And this gives us a great opportunity to integrate some C1 vocabulary.
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Oh, I love C1 vocabulary.
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What do we have?
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We have two words here.
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Preposterous and imbue.
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Let's start with preposterous.
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P-R-E-P-O-S-T-E-R-U-S.
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What does that mean?
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It means completely contrary to reason or common sense.
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Utterly ridiculous.
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Like it's preposterous to think a dog could drive a car.
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Exactly.
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And the second word is imbue.
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I-M-B-U-E.
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This means to inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality.
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So someone could be imbued with a sense of hope.
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Yes.
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Now let's put them together in a sentence for our listeners.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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Oh, that's a powerful sentence.
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Listener, listen to that again.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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So if nihilism tore down the old house, existentialism was the new house they built.
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And this is where Jean-Paul Sartre comes in, right?
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With his revolutionary framework.
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Yes.
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Sartre flipped the script entirely.
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He said, existence precedes essence.
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Existence comes before essence.
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Let's really analyze that.
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Well, it means we are born first.
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That's the existence part.
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We show up completely blank with no hardwired purpose.
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We're not like the knife.
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There's no blueprint.
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Exactly.
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Then it is entirely up to us to write our own essence through how we choose to live.
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We have to make it up as we go.
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Right.
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And he didn't hide from this terrifying idea.
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He confronted it.
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Which brings us to our second phrasal verb, face head on.
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This is a great C1 idiom.
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How would you explain that one?
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To face something head on means to deal with a difficult situation directly without avoiding it.
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You look right at the problem.
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Like facing a financial crisis head on.
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Exactly.
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So, listener, practice this example sentence out loud with me.
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Instead of running away from a meaningless universe, Sartre decided to face it head on.
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Perfect.
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He just looked right at the void.
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Wait, I have a big question here.
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Does believing you create your own essence mean you have to be an atheist?
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That is a huge misconception.
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No, existentialism is not synonymous with atheism.
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Really?
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Because Sartre was pretty famously atheist?
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He was, but important thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard were theists.
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They were deeply religious.
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How does that work?
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How can you believe in God but not believe you have a set purpose?
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To explain that, we need another C1 vocabulary word, teleology.
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Teleology.
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T-E-L-L-O-G-Y.
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That sounds very academic.
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It is.
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Teleology is the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve.
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Like saying rain exists so that plants can grow.
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Okay, so how does this fit with religious existentialists?
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Well, theistic existentialists deny teleology for humans.
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They believe God exists, but giving your life a specific predetermined meaning is simply not in his job description.
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Wow, that's a great way to frame it.
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God gives you the canvas, but you have to paint the picture.
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Exactly.
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Which leads us to a highly technical concept they talked about a lot, the concept of the absurd.
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The absurd.
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Now we use that word in everyday English to just mean silly.
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Right, like these prices are absurd.
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But in philosophy it's not a joke.
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It is the search for answers in an answerless world.
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It's the friction.
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The imagery they use is so powerful.
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We are creatures who desperately crave meaning, abandoned in a meaningless universe.
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And we're crying out into the wilderness, getting absolutely no response, but we keep crying anyway.
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It's tragic, honestly.
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Which leads to our third phrasal verb, boil down to.
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Boil down to.
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A B2C1 phrase.
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What does it mean?
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It means to reduce something to its most basic essential element, like boiling soup on a stove until only the rich flavor is left.
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Exactly.
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So we can say the absurd really boils down to the conflict between our human desire for meaning
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and the cold, silent universe.
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Boils down to.
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Write that one down in your notes, listeners.
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So let's contextualize this historically.
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Why did all these ideas suddenly explode in the mid-20th century?
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Well, you have to look at the historical catalyst.
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During and after
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World War II, the horrors of the Holocaust led people to abandon the belief in an ordered, fair world.
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Right.
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When atrocities on that scale became possible, meaning became incredibly hard to find.
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Yeah.
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The old ideas of a just universe just fell apart.
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And out of that trauma, Sartre introduced his most agonizing concept.
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The idea that we don't lack meaning, but rather we have a terrifying abundance of freedom.
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He said we are condemned to be free.
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Condemned.
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It sounds so backwards.
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Freedom is usually a good thing.
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But because there are no absolute rules, no cosmic justice and no fairness, we are forced to invent our own moral code from scratch.
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And that is exhausting.
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So what do people usually do?
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They look for fake authorities.
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Exactly.
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Relying on parents, the church, or the government for objective answers is a trap.
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It is believed that they are just people terrified and figuring it out too.
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And if you just follow them blindly, you're doing our fourth phrasal verb, phoning it in.
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Phoning it in.
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This is a very common idiomatic C1 phrase.
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It means to do something with minimal effort or without genuine engagement, like an actor just reading lines over the telephone.
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So in this context, if you just follow a path set by society without choosing it yourself, you are phoning it in with your life.
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You're just sleepwalking.
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And there's a great idiom that goes with this.
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Yes.
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Burying your head in the sand.
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The bury your head in the sand, it means refusing to think about an unpleasant situation.
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Sartre called this bad faith.
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Pretending that something outside of you gives your life meaning, just so you don't have to face your freedom.
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Like an ostrich hiding from a lion.
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If I don't look at my freedom, it isn't there.
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Exactly.
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It's much easier to bury your head in the sand.
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Okay, let's put this into a real-life moral dilemma.
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We're at a crossroads here.
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There's this very famous anecdote of the student.
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Yes, it's believed to have been presented by Sartre to his actual students.
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It's about a young man facing a terrible choice during wartime in occupied France.
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This gives me chills every time.
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So the student has option A and option B.
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Right.
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Option A, go to war, fight for a great cause, join the resistance.
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But he would be a very small part of a massive movement.
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And what's the cost of option A?
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He would be leaving his elderly, lonely mother behind.
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She only has him.
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Which perfectly introduces our fifth phrasal verb, leave behind.
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This is a strong B2 verb.
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It means to go away and not take someone or something with you.
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So the sentence is, if he went to war, he would leave behind his helpless mother.
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And if he does that, she might die of despair.
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Right.
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So what about option B?
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Option B is he stays with his mother.
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He makes an enormous guaranteed difference in just one person's life. But...
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But he abandons his duty to his country and justice.
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He lets others fight and die for him.
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Wow.
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So he is completely trapped.
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To use another great idiom, he is at a crossroads.
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At a crossroads, meaning he is at a point where a crucial life-altering decision must be made.
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So he goes to Sartre and asks, what should I do?
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What is the right answer?
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And here is the punchline of existentialism.
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The solution to the dilemma is there is no answer.
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No answer.
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None.
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None.
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No moral theory, religious or secular, could help the student do the math on this choice.
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So what was the only true choice?
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The only true choice was whatever choice he made authentically.
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He just had to choose and accept the full weight of his freedom.
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That is heavy.
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And I can see why people say this philosophy is depressing.
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It feels bleak.
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It does.
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And Albert Camus took it even further.
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He controversially believed that the literal meaning of life is simply whatever you are doing that prevents you from killing yourself.
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Wait, seriously.
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This sounds incredibly depressing.
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Is it really all just bleak?
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Do we just suffer?
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No. And this is where we reframe the whole thing.
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This is the turn.
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Please turn it around because I'm feeling the vertigo.
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Okay.
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If the world is inherently devoid of purpose, that means you hold the ultimate power to imbue it with whatever purpose you want.
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Oh, so my blank slate is a superpower.
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Exactly.
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No one can tell you your life is worthless
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if you don't achieve traditional standards like wealth or having children or being famous.
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Because those standards are completely fake.
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Right.
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And on a global scale, it's a call to action.
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If we want justice, order and fairness to exist in the world.
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We have to build them ourselves.
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Exactly.
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We have to invent them because the universe won't do it for us.
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That is actually incredibly empowering.
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It's beautiful, really.
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All right.
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This brings us to our final provocative thought for you, the listener, to mull over today.
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What's the thought?
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If everything you value only exists because you put it there,
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what old useless meanings are you currently carrying around that you need to throw away today?
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What if your blank slate is actually your greatest superpower?
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That is something you can think about all week.
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Absolutely.
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Now, I promised you a bonus reveal at the end of the episode.
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Oh, yes.
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The psychological tip for language learners.
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Here it is.
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Your English fluency doesn't have an essence you're failing to live up to.
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Your fluency is built purely by your daily existence and practice.
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You create your English identity.
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I love that.
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You are entirely in control of your language journey.
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Now it's your turn.
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I have some homework for you.
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I want you to write one key word or one idiom we explained today, alongside its meaning, in the comment box.
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And right next to it, write the exact phrase, I am consistent.
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Yes, write, I am consistent.
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Prove to us that you are committed to your learning.
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And please write your feedback in the comments, too.
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Which kind of topic do you want for the next video?
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We read every comment.
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We really do.
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If you like this deep dive, give it a huge thumbs up.
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And listen closely.
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If you want to read an exclusive article about mastering English, go to the description box right now.
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I have provided a special link.
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Yes, check out the description box.
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If you subscribe just once, you will receive a free, high-quality article in your email every single time we release one.
370
It's a fantastic resource for learners.
371
So if you enjoyed this podcast, there are many more podcasts on my channel.
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Go check them out and binge watch your favorites.
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Thank you all for joining us on this deep dive.
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Keep speaking, keep listening, and keep creating your own meaning.
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See you next time.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “C1 ENGLISH LISTENING PRACTICE”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: meaning, exactly, essence. Questo video contiene 375 frasi e 3028 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 16:14. Chi parla va veloce, circa 186 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 82% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| essence sostantivo | /ˈɛsəns/ | essenza |
| listener sostantivo | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | ascoltatore, ascoltatrice |
| verb sostantivo | /vɝb/ | verbo |
| knife sostantivo | /ˈnaɪ̯f/ | coltello |
| dive verbo | /daɪv/ | immergersi |
| boil verbo | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | far bollire |
| incredibly avverbio | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | incredibilmente |
| absurd aggettivo | /əbˈsɜːd/ | assurdo |
| vocabulary sostantivo | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabolario |
| belief sostantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | credito, credenza |
| moral aggettivo | /ˈmoɹəl/ | morale |
| sand sostantivo | /sænd/ | sabbia, rena |
| comfort sostantivo | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | agio, comodità |
| phrase sostantivo | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | espressione, polirematica |
| topic sostantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tema, categoria |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | investigare |
| fall apart verbo | cadere a pezzi |
| go away verbo | partire, andarsene |
| go off verbo | esplodere |
| go through verbo | attraversare |
| throw away verbo | buttare via |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- What if you were born completely empty?
- What gives your life meaning?
- Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
- Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
- How would you explain that one?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultato | if he went to war, he would leave · If you subscribe just once, you will receive |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | were born · is believed · was even made |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | we've built · have provided |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 35 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, you're, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, hunger /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: essence /ˈɛsəns/, verb /vɝb/, knife /ˈnaɪ̯f/, dive /daɪv/, absurd /əbˈsɜːd/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, sand /sænd/, blank /ˈblæŋk/, trap /tɹæp/, magical /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come essence, listener, verb.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.