シャドーイング練習: Father unknown? Life as a sperm donor's child | DW Documentary - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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129 文
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1
Hannah is a single mother by choice.
2
Her son was conceived through sperm donation.
3
I came to the conclusion that having a child was more important to me than having a life partner.
4
Leontina is also donor conceived and was shocked to find out just how many half siblings she has.
5
The hardest part being donor conceived is that people think that I should be lucky to just exist exist.
6
And Michael donated his sperm, a decision connecting him to dozens of children he may never know.
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I would love to see them all.
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I would love to see them, but I know it will not happen.
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Three people, one consequential decision.
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Sperm donation.
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Hannah from Sweden is living her dream.
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One year ago she became the mother of Adid.
13
She's always wanted to be a mum.
14
What's special about her?
15
She's done it on her own, without a partner.
16
Moments like this when he's sleeping or when he's running around and you can see the joy in his face, that's just pure love.
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Your heart just swells when you see him.
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So even if you love other people as well, it's not really comparable in a way.
19
For years, Henna had been looking for someone.
20
Then she decided to become a mother through sperm donation, partly funded by the state.
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It worked out on the fifth attempt.
22
I came to the conclusion that having a child was more important to me than having a life partner.
23
Like, of course I want a life partner, but I see that as a bonus.
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But having a child, I think that felt like really, really important.
25
Like a life without a child for me felt empty.
26
But building a family alone also means carrying the full weight of that choice.
27
Alongside the joy, there have been difficult moments.
28
When he was four months old, Arvid suddenly had to be taken to the hospital.
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Moments like that, when something happens, then I think it's hard to be a single mom by choice, I guess
30
because you don't have anyone right there when it happens.
31
Even if I have a great support system, in the end you're always a bit alone.
32
Since 2016, single women like Hanna can legally become mothers in Sweden.
33
It was one of the first countries to implement the scheme.
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By now, most other European states allow it.
35
But especially in Central and Eastern Europe, it still remains illegal, like in Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia.
36
At this sperm bank in Sweden, couples and single mothers receive sperm donations.
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Stored in liquid nitrogen, each sample is carefully preserved.
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Lab head Ashling-Alström explains to us that only about 5-7% of men end up being approved donors.
39
Many have a good quality sperm, but they still have to get through all these testing and screening.
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It's a good way of making sure that we're not just taking in any sample.
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Potential donors are screened not only physically but also psychologically.
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Sweden wants to make sure that they are donating responsibly and in a fully thought-out way.
43
Here, every donor might one day be contacted by their offspring as Sweden banned anonymous sperm donation in 1985.
44
It was thought donors would be more reluctant, but we haven't really been affected by the fact that they're non-anonymous.
45
Maybe it's a cultural contribution, they feel like they're doing this as altruism.
46
Many of them think it's something nice to do for the society and for people.
47
Leontina was conceived through sperm donation in the 90s.
48
knows what uncertainty about your heritage feels like.
49
At the time, single women were not allowed to access sperm donation in Sweden.
50
Her mother travelled to Denmark and used an anonymous donor there.
51
But for Leontine, he was always more than that.
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I always called him my biological father or my biological dad or just dad.
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It was important for For me to make my humour and not just a donation, it's my heritage and it's not a donation.
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And also I wasn't a part of this agreement.
55
I never received a donation, my mom did.
56
As a child, Leontina didn't ask herself many questions.
57
But as she got older, she wanted to know more about her origins.
58
She turned to an online DNA database and made a discovery.
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I always noticed I had siblings, but they were just like shadows.
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I didn't know their faces or that they had any names or that they were human.
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So it was shocking, but also fun.
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It was fun to see them and that they exist.
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It's a shift.
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At first, she found seven half-siblings.
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Then the list kept growing.
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Today, she has identified 27 spread across Europe, more than the sperm bank ever disclosed.
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And there may be more who haven't taken the test yet.
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We share something very personal, but we're still strangers.
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And they would pop up on this DNA site at any time and we don't have any control.
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They probably don't know that they are only received then they will find out.
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And it's not that fun to be part of that negative surprise.
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Limiting the number of children per donor is now a heated debate across Europe.
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As rules vary widely, eight countries led by Sweden are pushing for stricter limits, an initiative Germany has not joined.
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It currently has no legal cap.
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Critics warn stricter laws could make fertility treatment harder to access especially as birth rates fall across Europe.
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Donors like Michael want to help.
77
We meet him in the Netherlands.
78
He decided to donate sperm after hearing from friends who were unable to have children.
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Michael himself grew up with many siblings.
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The main reason for me was that I saw how deeply touched people can be
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when not being able to get a child of their own.
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And I knew there were a lot of techniques, and maybe I could not help my friends, but I could help other people in similar situations.
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For years, Michael donated regularly and openly, meaning any child could contact him later.
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None did.
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Eventually, he joined a DNA database and found out he's fathered 21 children.
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I've met three of them from three different families.
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And they're all very different from each other.
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But very interesting because in every child you recognize also a part of yourself, of course.
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You can see that it's a child of mine.
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But the satisfaction from helping others faded as Michael learned about scandals in the sperm donation system,
91
including cases where children were never told that they were donor-conceived.
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When I was asked would I do it all over again, I would do it in a different way.
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I would say now to parents, you can have my semen and conceive a child under one condition,
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that you tell your child that you be honest to it.
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Michael supports a national and international donor register, giving people like him the chance to know what became of their donation.
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Aisling Alström agrees that a unified European donor register is needed, as well as more regulation.
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It becomes quite a large number when it's not regulated.
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And as we've seen, is it okay to have 100 genetic siblings?
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Or is it better to be regulated so that it's more of a number which you can maybe have a relationship with?
100
At this clinic, they try to avoid cases of so-called superdonors, some linked to dozens or even hundreds of offspring.
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But safeguards can only go so far.
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We try to control the donors
103
that are coming to our clinics in a contractual agreement where we are asking them not to donate anywhere else.
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But many of these donors may go international or may go to another country and donate.
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And that makes the numbers very hard to trace.
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Leontina knows that not all men want contact with their donor-conceived children, just as not all donor-conceived children seek contact either.
107
But when they do wish to meet their biological father, that desire can often remain unfulfilled if his consent isn't given.
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I think it's a human right to know where you came from and who you're related to, and decide if you want to know them or not.
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And to know your medical history and things like that.
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It's personal information and I think it belongs to everyone.
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Avid was conceived in Sweden, where donations are identifiable by law.
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When he turns 18 he can ask for his donor's identity.
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But that doesn't mean the donor has to respond or ever meet him.
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A child needs people in their life that they feel love them unconditionally and that they feel safe with.
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But if that's one person or several persons, I think it's fine either way.
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But of course, the more persons the better.
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But it doesn't have to be a biological father.
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Many parents do not want to conceal their child's origins.
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Sperm donation is their only option.
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And they stand by their decision.
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He might be mad at me about it, that I denied him that part of his life, I guess.
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But in the end, and I think what I'm going to say to him is
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that if I hadn't chosen to do this, then there would be no you.
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There might be another child, but it wouldn't be you.
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So in the end, this is the life you got and we have to work with what we got.
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And while sperm donation is increasing in many countries, Europe is still grappling with whose rights matter most.
127
Those of the parents, the donor or the child.
128
You will also get upset. Can you go down?
129
We should go to the car a little bit.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が129文、単語が1631語あります。 音声の長さは12:24です。 話す速さは1分あたり約131語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| donor 名詞 | /ˈdəʊnə/ | 寄贈者 |
| donation 名詞 | /doʊˈneɪʃən/ | 寄付 |
| donate 動詞 | /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ | 寄付する, 寄贈する |
| sibling 名詞 | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/ | 兄弟兄弟姉妹, 同胞 |
| biological 形容詞 | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | 生物学の |
| anonymous 形容詞 | /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/ | 無名, 匿名の |
| shock 名詞 | /ʃɔk/ | 衝撃, ショック |
| conclusion 名詞 | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | 終わり, 結び |
| heritage 名詞 | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | 遺産 |
| database 名詞 | /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ | データベース |
| clinic 名詞 | /ˈklɪn.ɪk/ | 医院, クリニック |
| regulate 動詞 | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | 調節する |
| offspring 名詞 | /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/ | 胤, 子孫 |
| technique 名詞 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 技術 |
| carefully 副詞 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | じっくり, 慎重に |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
| go down 動詞 | 降りる, 降下する |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, they're, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を23回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, anonymous /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。donor, donation, donateなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was conceived · be taken · being approved |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have been · haven't really been affected · has identified |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。