ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Father unknown? Life as a sperm donor's child | DW Documentary
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แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
129 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
Hannah is a single mother by choice.
2
Her son was conceived through sperm donation.
3
I came to the conclusion that having a child was more important to me than having a life partner.
4
Leontina is also donor conceived and was shocked to find out just how many half siblings she has.
5
The hardest part being donor conceived is that people think that I should be lucky to just exist exist.
6
And Michael donated his sperm, a decision connecting him to dozens of children he may never know.
7
I would love to see them all.
8
I would love to see them, but I know it will not happen.
9
Three people, one consequential decision.
10
Sperm donation.
11
Hannah from Sweden is living her dream.
12
One year ago she became the mother of Adid.
13
She's always wanted to be a mum.
14
What's special about her?
15
She's done it on her own, without a partner.
16
Moments like this when he's sleeping or when he's running around and you can see the joy in his face, that's just pure love.
17
Your heart just swells when you see him.
18
So even if you love other people as well, it's not really comparable in a way.
19
For years, Henna had been looking for someone.
20
Then she decided to become a mother through sperm donation, partly funded by the state.
21
It worked out on the fifth attempt.
22
I came to the conclusion that having a child was more important to me than having a life partner.
23
Like, of course I want a life partner, but I see that as a bonus.
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But having a child, I think that felt like really, really important.
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Like a life without a child for me felt empty.
26
But building a family alone also means carrying the full weight of that choice.
27
Alongside the joy, there have been difficult moments.
28
When he was four months old, Arvid suddenly had to be taken to the hospital.
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Moments like that, when something happens, then I think it's hard to be a single mom by choice, I guess
30
because you don't have anyone right there when it happens.
31
Even if I have a great support system, in the end you're always a bit alone.
32
Since 2016, single women like Hanna can legally become mothers in Sweden.
33
It was one of the first countries to implement the scheme.
34
By now, most other European states allow it.
35
But especially in Central and Eastern Europe, it still remains illegal, like in Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia.
36
At this sperm bank in Sweden, couples and single mothers receive sperm donations.
37
Stored in liquid nitrogen, each sample is carefully preserved.
38
Lab head Ashling-Alström explains to us that only about 5-7% of men end up being approved donors.
39
Many have a good quality sperm, but they still have to get through all these testing and screening.
40
It's a good way of making sure that we're not just taking in any sample.
41
Potential donors are screened not only physically but also psychologically.
42
Sweden wants to make sure that they are donating responsibly and in a fully thought-out way.
43
Here, every donor might one day be contacted by their offspring as Sweden banned anonymous sperm donation in 1985.
44
It was thought donors would be more reluctant, but we haven't really been affected by the fact that they're non-anonymous.
45
Maybe it's a cultural contribution, they feel like they're doing this as altruism.
46
Many of them think it's something nice to do for the society and for people.
47
Leontina was conceived through sperm donation in the 90s.
48
knows what uncertainty about your heritage feels like.
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At the time, single women were not allowed to access sperm donation in Sweden.
50
Her mother travelled to Denmark and used an anonymous donor there.
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But for Leontine, he was always more than that.
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I always called him my biological father or my biological dad or just dad.
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It was important for For me to make my humour and not just a donation, it's my heritage and it's not a donation.
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And also I wasn't a part of this agreement.
55
I never received a donation, my mom did.
56
As a child, Leontina didn't ask herself many questions.
57
But as she got older, she wanted to know more about her origins.
58
She turned to an online DNA database and made a discovery.
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I always noticed I had siblings, but they were just like shadows.
60
I didn't know their faces or that they had any names or that they were human.
61
So it was shocking, but also fun.
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It was fun to see them and that they exist.
63
It's a shift.
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At first, she found seven half-siblings.
65
Then the list kept growing.
66
Today, she has identified 27 spread across Europe, more than the sperm bank ever disclosed.
67
And there may be more who haven't taken the test yet.
68
We share something very personal, but we're still strangers.
69
And they would pop up on this DNA site at any time and we don't have any control.
70
They probably don't know that they are only received then they will find out.
71
And it's not that fun to be part of that negative surprise.
72
Limiting the number of children per donor is now a heated debate across Europe.
73
As rules vary widely, eight countries led by Sweden are pushing for stricter limits, an initiative Germany has not joined.
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It currently has no legal cap.
75
Critics warn stricter laws could make fertility treatment harder to access especially as birth rates fall across Europe.
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Donors like Michael want to help.
77
We meet him in the Netherlands.
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He decided to donate sperm after hearing from friends who were unable to have children.
79
Michael himself grew up with many siblings.
80
The main reason for me was that I saw how deeply touched people can be
81
when not being able to get a child of their own.
82
And I knew there were a lot of techniques, and maybe I could not help my friends, but I could help other people in similar situations.
83
For years, Michael donated regularly and openly, meaning any child could contact him later.
84
None did.
85
Eventually, he joined a DNA database and found out he's fathered 21 children.
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I've met three of them from three different families.
87
And they're all very different from each other.
88
But very interesting because in every child you recognize also a part of yourself, of course.
89
You can see that it's a child of mine.
90
But the satisfaction from helping others faded as Michael learned about scandals in the sperm donation system,
91
including cases where children were never told that they were donor-conceived.
92
When I was asked would I do it all over again, I would do it in a different way.
93
I would say now to parents, you can have my semen and conceive a child under one condition,
94
that you tell your child that you be honest to it.
95
Michael supports a national and international donor register, giving people like him the chance to know what became of their donation.
96
Aisling Alström agrees that a unified European donor register is needed, as well as more regulation.
97
It becomes quite a large number when it's not regulated.
98
And as we've seen, is it okay to have 100 genetic siblings?
99
Or is it better to be regulated so that it's more of a number which you can maybe have a relationship with?
100
At this clinic, they try to avoid cases of so-called superdonors, some linked to dozens or even hundreds of offspring.
101
But safeguards can only go so far.
102
We try to control the donors
103
that are coming to our clinics in a contractual agreement where we are asking them not to donate anywhere else.
104
But many of these donors may go international or may go to another country and donate.
105
And that makes the numbers very hard to trace.
106
Leontina knows that not all men want contact with their donor-conceived children, just as not all donor-conceived children seek contact either.
107
But when they do wish to meet their biological father, that desire can often remain unfulfilled if his consent isn't given.
108
I think it's a human right to know where you came from and who you're related to, and decide if you want to know them or not.
109
And to know your medical history and things like that.
110
It's personal information and I think it belongs to everyone.
111
Avid was conceived in Sweden, where donations are identifiable by law.
112
When he turns 18 he can ask for his donor's identity.
113
But that doesn't mean the donor has to respond or ever meet him.
114
A child needs people in their life that they feel love them unconditionally and that they feel safe with.
115
But if that's one person or several persons, I think it's fine either way.
116
But of course, the more persons the better.
117
But it doesn't have to be a biological father.
118
Many parents do not want to conceal their child's origins.
119
Sperm donation is their only option.
120
And they stand by their decision.
121
He might be mad at me about it, that I denied him that part of his life, I guess.
122
But in the end, and I think what I'm going to say to him is
123
that if I hadn't chosen to do this, then there would be no you.
124
There might be another child, but it wouldn't be you.
125
So in the end, this is the life you got and we have to work with what we got.
126
And while sperm donation is increasing in many countries, Europe is still grappling with whose rights matter most.
127
Those of the parents, the donor or the child.
128
You will also get upset. Can you go down?
129
We should go to the car a little bit.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 129 ประโยค และ 1631 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:24 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 131 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| donate คำกริยา | /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ | บริจาค |
| sibling คำนาม | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/ | พี่, น้อง |
| heritage คำนาม | /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ | มรดก |
| database คำนาม | /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ | ฐานข้อมูล |
| clinic คำนาม | /ˈklɪn.ɪk/ | คลินิก, เวชสถาน |
| offspring คำนาม | /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/ | ลูกหลาน |
| technique คำนาม | /tɛkˈniːk/ | เทคนิค, กลเม็ด |
| bonus คำนาม | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | โบนัส |
| discovery คำนาม | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | การค้นพบ |
| shadow คำนาม | /ˈʃædəʊ̯/ | เงา, ฉายา |
| liquid คำนาม | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | ของเหลว |
| connect คำกริยา | /kəˈnɛkt/ | เชื่อม, ต่อ |
| consent คำกริยา | /kənˈsɛnt/ | ตกลง |
| deny คำกริยา | /dəˈnaɪ/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| stranger คำนาม | /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ | ฝรั่ง |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 23 ครั้ง เช่น don't, they're, didn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, anonymous /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง donate, sibling, heritage เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was conceived · be taken · being approved |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been · haven't really been affected · has identified |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ