ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Skin: Multitalented and underappreciated | DW Documentary
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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The skin is our largest and arguably most beautiful organ, measuring up to 2 square meters and weighing 10 kilos.
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It's a marvel that renews itself every 4 weeks and protects and regulates our body's temperature.
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The epidermis is 4 millimeters thick on the palms of the hands
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and soles of the feet and as thin as a sheet of paper on the eyelids.
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We associate smooth clear skin with beauty, youth and sensuality.
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When I look in the mirror, I don't like what I see when the skin sags like that.
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Our skin shows everyone who we are, and it should be as flawless as possible.
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Back then, I felt that typical urge to change, mainly triggered by other people's comments about my appearance.
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Hey, you've got such a pronounced lower lip, you should get your upper lip filled.
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the mind and the skin are closely linked it's said that the skin is a mirror of the soul
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how can we protect it what can we do to keep it smooth and firm
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nowadays many of our skin care wishes can actually be fulfilled if we want them to be
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When I meet someone, I look at them.
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How has their skin aged?
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Or how have their facial features aged?
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It's actually very important to start by looking at what's happened to them.
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Have their facial features sagged?
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Do they have bags under their eyes?
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And so on.
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And then I think about it.
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If this person were to seek help, what could be done?
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My name is Claudia Borelli.
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I head the Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Unit at Tübingen University Hospital.
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We treat skin conditions here at the dermatology clinic, of course, but I also offer skin care advice every day.
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Being a dermatologist is wonderful because you get to see all the problems that affect the skin.
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And it's a field where you look after everyone, from toddlers to the elderly, men and women alike.
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It's an amazing thing.
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We naturally try to ensure that, in the end, patients know what's suitable for their specific skin type.
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To do this, you need to take all the layers of the skin into account.
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The visible outer layer, the epidermis, is our protective barrier.
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Beneath it lie two further layers.
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First comes the dermis.
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It consists mainly of a dense network of tear -resistant collagen fibres, elastic fibres and connective tissue cells.
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They make the skin both firm and elastic.
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Then comes the subcutaneous tissue.
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This consists of fatty tissue and provides insulation and cushioning for the body.
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The dermis acts as a control centre.
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Depending on the location, there are hundreds of pain, temperature and pressure receptors per square centimetre.
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Then there are hair follicles and glands that produce odour, sweat and sebum.
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Internal skin aging can start as early as 25.
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The skin's repair mechanisms no longer function as effectively as they used to.
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The skin becomes thinner and tiny wrinkles appear.
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I get up, stand in front of the mirror and think, oh God, who is that?
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I'm Britta Philipp.
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I live here in Schleiftlarn and work as a medical assistant in Munich.
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I'm 48 years old and, unfortunately, I'm starting to notice wrinkles appearing and my skin isn't quite as firm as it used to be.
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And on nights when you don't sleep as well, your eyes are a bit puffier in the morning.
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I don't devote my time to beauty products, creams and makeup these days, as I've got two boys and a dog as well as my work.
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I just don't have much time for that.
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I'm particularly bothered by these smile lines, as well as rings under my eyes, and the fine lines.
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It's hard to stay on top of everything.
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I don't use the lotions and creams regularly because I don't have the time.
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I'm considering hyaluronic acid injections just to see what it's like.
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I have tried lots of creams, from cheap to expensive, that have vitamin C, Q10 in them, or that have any sort of anti -aging properties.
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As we age, the sweat and sebaceous glands produce less fluid.
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The skins protect acid mantle gets gradually thinner.
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Cells regenerate more slowly.
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The elastic and collagen fibers in the deeper dermis lose their stability.
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The result?
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Wrinkles.
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My son has mentioned it.
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He says, Mom, you're getting those little wrinkles between your lip and your nose, and it reminds me of old ladies.
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Internal skin aging is what we inherit genetically from our parents.
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External skin aging, or extrinsic skin aging, is largely caused by UV light, and above all, through smoking.
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You can definitely tell by looking at someone whether they work night shifts, how well they sleep.
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In the end, all of that is reflected in our skin.
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The number one most effective anti -aging product is sun lotion, factor 30 to 50, and in sufficient quantities.
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For adults, the rule of thumb is this.
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For each part of the body, such as the head and neck, chest, stomach or arm, use a line of sun cream about the length of your whole hand.
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The photographer Thomas Leverett used a UV camera lens to reveal skin damage that's invisible to the naked eye.
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His photographs show the harm caused by UV radiation and how sun cream protects the skin.
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The pictures show the areas where skin aging has already set in, such as sunspots or the early signs of age spots.
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This is actually a sign that far too much UV light has already reached the skin.
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UV exposure causes deep wrinkles to form in the skin.
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This happens because, at some point, the skin's repair mechanisms become overwhelmed and no longer function properly.
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Cosmetics can certainly help to manage the aging process and, in this respect, have a positive effect.
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There are active ingredients that have been scientifically proven to be effective.
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These are, for the most part, antioxidants, which are free radical scavengers.
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Primarily products with vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C.
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And there's also sound research data on low -molecular -weight hyaluronic acid, which can penetrate the skin and improve its hydration.
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I'm Eva Kohlet, a yoga teacher.
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I don't have a problem with wrinkles, but I don't like how oily my skin is.
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It's bothered me since I was a teenager.
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Large pores, the odd pimple or black head every now and then.
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It's a problem in my job because when I practice, I sweat, which produces a greasy sheen.
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Let me show you how oily my skin is.
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I was constantly going to see the dermatologist for advice and at the same time trying out various serums, creams and cleansing lotions.
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Then I realized that wasn't going to get me anywhere.
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I had a look on TikTok and Instagram, checking out different people, various influences in that field.
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I found some of the tips really interesting.
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It's important to accept that our skin is influenced by hormones as well as genetics.
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You don't need much, and it's good for all skin types, including oily skin.
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But others left me puzzled.
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Don't let your skin dry out.
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Add more oil so that it produces less oil.
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Your morning cleansing routine determines how quickly your skin becomes oily again.
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I'm still not sure whether that's what I should be doing.
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My skincare routine looks like this.
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First, I use an oil to open the pores, followed by soap to wash it all off.
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That's my evening skincare routine.
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The pH level is essential for any skincare routine.
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It measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is on a scale of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
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The protective film on the skin's surface is slightly acidic with a pH value of around 5, so skincare products should match this.
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Soap is more alkaline and can damage the skin's barrier.
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For cleansing sensitive skin, Dermatologists recommend what are known as SYNDETs, short for synthetic detergents, with a neutral pH level.
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I'd like to check with the dermatology clinic whether this is good advice
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and will help me get rid of my enlarged pores.
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There are different skin types.
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There's seborrheic skin or overly oily skin, which doesn't require any additional moisturizing and in fact can be adversely affected by it.
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There are people with dry skin who are sometimes prone to eczema
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or who have atopic skin and who need to moisturize after every bath or shower.
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And then there are those, the majority, who have some combination of oilier and drier areas.
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The oiliness or dryness of your skin depends on your genetic predisposition and hormones.
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The oil produced by the sebaceous glands keeps the skin supple and protects it from pathogens.
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If too much sebum is produced, the pore that the hair comes out of can become blocked.
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The sebum can no longer drain properly.
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Bacteria begin to grow.
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This bacterial growth triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation, which eventually becomes visible as a pimple.
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It bothers me because I don't think enlarged pores look good, because I'd like to have smoother skin, and because when pimples and blackheads appear,
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they don't look nice, and they're also a nuisance, and because when I put on makeup, it smudges within just an hour or two.
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You can improve your skin and think about how to achieve the perfect glow, how to look younger, and how to reverse the appearance of wrinkles.
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But what I value about my skin is that it allows for touch, that you can feel the sun on your skin or the wind brushing against your arms.
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So for me personally, I try to prioritize that sense of feeling over optimization and appearance.
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My name is Elisabeth Lechner, I'm a scholar of literature and cultural studies,
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and in my PhD thesis I explored the politics of the body positivity movement and what is considered a disgusting female body,
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why some bodies are considered beautiful and others disgusting.
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And the skin in particular is a good indicator of this.
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In times of antiquity, a smooth pale complexion was considered a status symbol.
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Women painted their faces with toxic white lead or bean flower.
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But as warriors, men were expected to have a brown, suntanned complexion.
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In the Middle Ages, both sexes were expected to have pale skin tanned skin was a sign of low social status.
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As of a century ago, a dark complexion has been regarded as athletic and attractive.
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The ideal skin is young, fair, with no body hair, or in the case of men, very well -groomed body hair.
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And it's very firm, with no signs of aging.
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It is by no means saggy.
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Skin always requires more and more care.
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In other words, whereas a few decades ago we used to look after our skin with creams
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and then apply our choice of makeup, it's now the case that minimally invasive procedures have become far more common,
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particularly on the face, which is after all the main way we interact with the outside world and with others.
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I'd quite like to try a treatment with a filler or hyaluronic acid that's injected straight under the skin,
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because unfortunately I'm not very consistent when it comes to using creams, face masks, and all that sort of thing.
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If you have deeper wrinkles or changes to the structure of your face, creams won't help.
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Instead, you'll need to have hyaluronic acid injections, which can improve both the skin's texture and the contours of your face, making you look younger again.
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Hi, I'm Britta Philipp.
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I have an appointment.
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Could you please fill out the consent form for me?
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Thank you.
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You're welcome.
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use the mirror to show me exactly what's bothering you the lines here here on the mouth
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and on my upper lip okay we'll use botox on the
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frown lines her facial expression is a little more relaxed
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and the whole face has sagged a bit so we'll try to lift
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that up this will make everything look a bit smoother
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and as for the lips i'll try to define them a
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little more finally i'll use a bit of hyaluronic acid to take care of the mouth here.
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There are potential side effects, of course.
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The worst -case scenario, we hit a blood vessel and block it with a hyaluronic acid gel.
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The biggest risk, which is extremely rare, is that it could lead to blindness.
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You can read all about it later in the pamphlet.
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In Frau Philipp's case, it'll be about 2 ,200 euros.
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My name is Dr. Christoph Liebig.
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I'm a practicing dermatologist in Munich.
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I put my heart and soul into every aesthetic treatment I carry out.
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For younger patients, it's usually the lips.
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For older patients, it's the sagging structures, which we then lift back into place.
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Wherever there's movement, frown lines, crow's feet, forehead wrinkles, we can use Botox.
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It inhibits muscle movement and relaxes the facial features.
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If used early enough, it prevents that crease or fold from becoming deeply etched, just like creasing a sheet of paper.
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In contrast, hyaluronic acid is a substance produced naturally by the body and now also by genetically modified bacteria.
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We use this to correct any loss of volume or to lift the face and restore the sunken contours.
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I've got nothing against cosmetic surgery or procedures.
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However, I do take issue with the way it's marketed, particularly to younger people with the idea that it's a quick fix
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that can be reversed and people don't give enough thought to the long -term consequences.
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My name is Yasmin Gnu and I'm a YouTuber, but I'm also active on all the other platforms such as Twitch, Instagram and the like.
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We're at Fantasy Basel now and I'm about to meet my fans.
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I'm really looking forward to it.
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There's loads to do here, you can try out games and check out some brilliant costumes.
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On my main channel I play computer games, and these are edited into videos of about 12 or 13 minutes, to hopefully put a smile on people's faces.
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And one of my channels focuses more on general topics, a bit more on self -care and the idea that you shouldn't let social media get to you too much, especially when it comes to appearance.
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and on making people aware that looks aren't everything.
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There's been a recent stir in the English -speaking world surrounding the Sephora brand, the Sephora Kids.
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Young people showcasing their skincare routines on TikTok and making it immediately clear just how much these products cost.
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Yes, that's my primer.
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I use it for this and that.
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And when you add it all up, you find yourself wondering how that's all financially possible.
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We're also seeing that the beauty industry's target audience is getting younger.
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Market research just published in the U .S shows
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that the biggest growth segment in the skincare industry is 8 to 13 -year -olds.
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That's total nonsense because their skin hasn't started to age yet.
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They don't have any skin problems at all.
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Why on earth would you use retinol when you don't have any wrinkles yet?
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Show me what you're using at the moment.
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In the morning I use eye creams, then hyaluronic acid, sun cream, and if my skin feels very dry, an oil.
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And occasionally I add this cream as well, and occasionally vitamin C.
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That's quite a lot.
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generally speaking i wouldn't rate the oils very highly
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so i'd probably leave this one out and you'd need to check whether the cream is too fatty
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from what i've seen on social media my skin needs much more moisture I wouldn't quite agree with that.
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The skin, which is actually quite resilient, with a bit of seborrhea and oiliness, is sufficiently moisturized.
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I don't get the impression it's dry.
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If it were, we'd have fine lines caused by dryness, but we don't.
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Having this kind of skin is a positive thing, you'll get smaller wrinkles later on.
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I'll stand up, that way I can see better.
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Look in that direction first so I can take a look at this side and examine the skin up close.
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There's still a bit of oiliness, which isn't surprising given the oils.
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In terms of skin type, you have seborrheic skin, which means it tends to be slightly oily.
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Consequently, anything containing oils is unsuitable.
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I'd give all that careful thought and probably stop using those products.
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Then I'd recommend a chemical peel containing glycolic and salicylic acid
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so that we can make further improvements to the condition of your skin, making the pores slightly less visible and reducing the oiliness.
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Read this through carefully and we'll see you at your next appointment for the treatment.
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Oils always sound so lovely, so nourishing and beneficial, but they're actually very bad for people with skin
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that tends to be on the oily side and can cause inflammation and breakouts.
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And I think you should always ask yourself, what's this person trying to tell me?
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Are they motivated by sponsorship?
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Is it all just advertising?
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Am I being encouraged to use
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so many different products for the benefit of a company or even the person on the screen?
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I take a very critical view of this.
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Not every lay person can meaningfully assess the scientific data.
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It's no trivial matter.
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My name is Ingo Hefke, and I'm a school support worker.
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I've had problems with psoriasis since I was a child.
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But it's gotten much worse in recent years.
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I've only just moved into this house, together with my wife and our 37 -year -old son.
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He has a disability, and there's always a lot to do.
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So I have psoriasis here on my elbows and on the sole of my right foot,
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which is sometimes is very uncomfortable psoriasis is an autoimmune condition
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that can also be hereditary and can be triggered by inflammation
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or stress this brings about an overreaction of the immune system as well as viruses
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and bacteria it also starts attacking the body's own cells
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in psoriasis this causes skin cells to renew themselves up to 10 times faster resulting in red, scaly patches of skin.
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I used to be given ointments and tried bath salts and cloths soaked in tea, but nothing really helps.
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It helps me keep it more or less under control.
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It's not getting any worse, but… I think stress is a major factor.
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We've just moved, and we were under a lot of stress beforehand, and now it's completely flared up again on my left elbow,
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for the first time in years." The skin and the mind are fundamentally interconnected.
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Take goosebumps for example, an example of how directly emotional reactions affect the skin.
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My name is Uwe Gila.
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I'm a clinical director of the Department of Psychosomatics at Vitos Gießen.
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Here we specialize in the treatment of skin problems,
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looking at how stress affects the skin.
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Psoriasis is a very common condition affecting around two or three percent of the population.
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And from a psychosomatic perspective, it's true to say it can become a type of defense mechanism.
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I once had a patient who said, my psoriasis armor protects me, and I never forgot that.
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Right, please take a seat.
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Tell me how it all started, what the situation is like now, how you're coping with it, and what you're doing in regards to treatment.
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My hands and fingers are dry, and I chew on them obsessively.
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When it comes to the elbows, I can hold back, though.
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I mean, your nails are quite visible.
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Have you ever found that people comment on them, that it affects you personally, or that you've ever felt embarrassed to show them?
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It's not great.
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And because I work in the after -school club looking after a young Somali boy, the children do see it and ask what's going on there what's that
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let's take a look we'll start with the fingernails they've been affected for a long time right both thumbs yeah
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And you said that you tend to bite them a bit?
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Yes, for sure.
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Right, then I'll take a quick look here.
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That's right, and here too.
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In the past, treatment mainly involved cortisone or similar drugs that suppress the entire immune system.
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Today we're able to target the condition specifically.
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For about 15 years now, we've had two important new medicines at our disposal.
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Biologics and small molecules are revolutionising the treatment of skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Biologics are antibodies that specifically block the immune system's messenger substances responsible for inflammation.
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This results in a weaker immune response.
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Small molecules are tiny drugs that can penetrate cells and once inside curb the production of inflammatory mediators.
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Within a few months, the appearance of the skin can improve significantly.
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Of course, we're interfering with the autoimmune system, and this can sometimes result in changes.
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However, we can intervene in these immune reactions in a very targeted manner, and thus with significantly fewer side effects.
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I've thought it over and decided to go ahead.
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I'm excited to see the results.
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There are some concerns, though, like whether there might be any skin infections or redness or swelling.
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There are risks, of course, but he's experienced, and he's done this many times before.
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We're going to try to lift Frau Philipp's sagging tissues back into place.
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I'll try to relax certain facial muscles.
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We're starting.
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Everything okay?
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Yes, all good.
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We're injecting hyaluronic acid.
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and trying to pull the face back a little.
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As you can see, it's already become quite a bit smoother here.
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It's crackling a bit in there.
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The body's own hyaluronic acid keeps the skin firm.
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Hyaluronic acid fillers emulate this effect.
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An injection into the dermis smooths out wrinkles or fills out the lips or chin.
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Whereas Botox only lasts for a few months, hyaluronic acid fillers visually last for up to 18 but a small amount often remains in the body.
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Complications occur in around one in every 250 procedures, swelling or nodules, for example.
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By comparison, botulinum toxin, or Botox, what patients usually go for, is quite safe.
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We know exactly how it works, and there are no permanent, long -term side effects.
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Anything that might appear will eventually disappear again.
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But in terms of effectiveness, hyaluronic acid or fillers are better than botulinum toxin.
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It's particularly problematic when alternative medicine practitioners or others inject fillers into the upper third of the face,
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the area normally treated with Botox.
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In particular, the glabella region is often treated with hyaluronic acid or other fillers, but this is completely unsuitable as there's a risk of blindness,
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which would, of course, be terrible.
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Here we have a patient who had treatment abroad because it was cheaper.
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And she then came to us with a major problem.
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A lump had formed in the area where hyaluronic acid had been injected.
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And we have no idea what the substance was.
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She doesn't know exactly either.
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And so we treated her here at the University Dermatology Clinic, in particular with oral cortisone tablets.
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And the condition has been improving over the course of several months.
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Using the correct injection technique, finding the correct depth, And in particular, knowing which areas are at risk is certainly challenging.
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It's no small thing.
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Exactly the same on the other side, pulling it up here as well.
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I'm trying to pull the area back by injecting small amounts of hyaluronic acid, always aspirating first to make sure we're not in a blood vessel.
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And we aspirate again to ensure we don't hit a blood vessel.
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Then inject very slowly.
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Wow, that's awful.
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Look, we've pulled this back a bit.
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I've also smoothed out the nasolabial wrinkles a little.
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It's become less pronounced.
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And here, those lines that were bothering you before have almost disappeared.
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Open your mouth, please.
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More.
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Try not to shake, relax.
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It really hurts.
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That's the first reaction.
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And now we'll inject some Botox into the frown lines.
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Give us another angry look, please.
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The difference between Botox and hyaluronic acid is that Botox is a licensed medicinal product,
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which means it can only be injected by doctors, whereas hyaluronic acid is a cosmetic product sold by companies.
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In theory, anyone can buy it in Germany.
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We've seen cases where patients have been injected with it by friends, people from non -medical professions, and alternative practitioners.
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This is going to sting a bit.
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Nearly done.
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She's got something to cool the skin No sport for two
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or three days The sauna and solarium would also be a bad idea And if anything happens,
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I'm here for her We'll see you for a checkup in three to four weeks Great Okay, thank you Thank you very much You did well, Frau Philipp All the best,
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bye That was a lot and a bit painful But that's all in the past now
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Back then, I felt that same urge to change something, mainly triggered by other people's comments about my appearance.
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Hey, you've got such a pronounced lower lip, you should get your upper lip done.
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And if you do this or that, you'll look much better.
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So I had my lips done first.
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At the time, I was told to have it done every six months because it wears off.
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Look, it's crooked.
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I did the dark circles under my eyes, and the same thing happened.
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It slipped down, leaving little eye bags.
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Then, ten years later, realizing it wasn't going to go away, I had an ultrasound.
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And there was still a lot of it in there.
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So I decided to have it dissolved with hyalase.
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And that sounds great at first, because you think, great, I can reverse the effects of hyaluronic acid.
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But you have to be careful not to break down the body's own hyaluronic acid.
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So this idea that you can just keep having lip fillers and then dissolve them doesn't quite work, because you can be breaking down the body's own hyaluronic acid,
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which you'll need as you get older when your skin starts to age.
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And that really shocked me.
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The realization gained a lot of traction on social media, and that's why many people now know to be careful when using hyaluronic acid.
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There's a widespread desire to change yourself.
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And that should always be questioned, because in some cases it can be a sign of body dysmorphic disorder.
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In other words, a perceived ugliness that isn't actually there.
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It's estimated that half of young people use beauty filters for photos and videos.
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The German Society for Aesthetic
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and Plastic Surgery says the rising demand for cosmetic procedures is also linked to the use of these apps.
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Whereas in the past people wanted to look like a celebrity, the aim now is to be as beautiful as your filtered self.
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Researchers at Boston University have found that constantly comparing oneself with idealized images fuels self -doubt and can lead to mental illness.
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Some young people develop body dysmorphic disorder, a pathological belief that they are fat, ugly or disfigured.
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Okay, that's normal.
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Let's try it.
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Bring a different version of yourself to life.
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Okay.
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A version with fuller lips, a slimmer face, bigger eyes, higher cheekbones, a more angular jawline.
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It's important to me to say that we're not powerless.
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Rather, it's critical that we learn how to healthfully consume these types of media.
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This should play a central role in the training of teachers.
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It should feature in school textbooks to fight an unhealthy self -image.
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I think it would do us good to post Instagram stories without filters, to show ourselves without makeup for a change and get back to a more realistic way.
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You clearly have psoriasis in the areas we've been looking at, and these need to be treated more aggressively than they have been so far.
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Do you think stress might be a significant factor after all?
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I think stress certainly plays a big part.
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I notice that time and again.
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When I'm stressed, it always flares up somewhere.
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Even on my back or stomach, I notice that I suddenly get dry patches.
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And I put that down to stress as well.
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I believe we need to consider more thorough treatment options here.
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I'll give you another questionnaire so
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that we can better assess how your quality of life is affected
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and then we'll need to discuss whether psychosomatic treatment might be
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appropriate for you to enable you to cope better with your psoriasis
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and also with the stresses that have influenced and triggered it.
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You're welcome to come here.
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Yes.
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Today we offer, and this is also what we practice here at the clinic,
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nutritional advice and a plan to eat in a way which can also help to minimize inflammation.
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Numerous studies have shown the close links between the gut and skin microbiota.
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A balanced, healthy diet can help improve the condition of the skin.
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It's quite straightforward.
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Raw and cooked vegetables contain plenty of anti -inflammatory compounds, such as antioxidants and vitamins.
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The omega -3 fatty acids in fish also strengthen the immune system.
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Flaxseed oil and wheat germ oil, which is rich in vitamin E, have anti -inflammatory properties as well.
389
Nuts, berries and fruit also contain phytochemicals that strengthen the skin.
390
He's just offered me the option to try out the day clinic here, and I'm thinking about it.
391
I'll have a word with my wife.
392
I mean, it's not too far to come.
393
It's something worth considering.
394
Just keep your eyes closed and try not to move them if possible.
395
Is that okay?
396
At -home exfoliation involves tiny beads or very low concentrations of acids.
397
What we're doing here is much, much stronger.
398
I've mixed two different acids together to enhance the effects slightly and minimize side effects as much as possible.
399
I'm now applying these acids to the skin.
400
It's a combination of glycolic and salicylic acid.
401
Salicylic acid is particularly beneficial for acne -prone skin as it reduces oiliness and helps to calm inflammation.
402
Glycolic acid is used to speed up skin renewal.
403
It sounds very promising.
404
I'm curious to see the effects.
405
I'm going to start applying the acid now.
406
If you feel a very strong burning sensation anywhere, please tell me immediately.
407
A slight burning sensation is completely normal and it may also feel a bit warm.
408
How does it feel?
409
It burns a bit.
410
I'm keeping an eye on the skin the whole time.
411
I'm here and can step in at any moment to neutralize anything and stop the process.
412
So please don't worry, I'll neutralize it straight away.
413
I'm going to add an alkaline substance now this will stop the process.
414
The acid really stung, and even the neutralizing treatment didn't bring any relief at first.
415
But then came this cloth.
416
That felt really good.
417
Yes, I can see a clear difference.
418
My pores have become noticeably smaller, and my forehead is now less shiny.
419
I can see a definite improvement.
420
Initially, this should be done regularly, every two to three weeks, building up to a six -week interval in the long term.
421
So, Frau Philipp, how have you been?
422
Have you had any difficulties?
423
Pain or severe bruising, no severe swelling, that's good to hear.
424
Looking up here, that frown line is nicely smoothed out, as are the crow's feet.
425
The Botox has worked well.
426
I really like the jawline, the corners of the mouth look lovely too, and the lip has turned out beautifully as well.
427
A very nice result.
428
Hi, darling.
429
Hey, sweetie.
430
It's turned out well.
431
Your forehead, your eyes.
432
The only problem is, I can't tell when you're annoyed with me anymore.
433
Because of the frown line.
434
I'll have to let you know in other ways then.
435
Personally, I now think that you don't need to have flawless skin at all.
436
It's about feeling comfortable in your own skin.
437
That's the most important part.
438
That's why I advise everyone who's unhappy with themselves, and this might sound a bit crazy, to switch off social media, get out of the house,
439
pop down to an outdoor swimming pool, have a look at other people, and not be too hard on yourself.
440
It'd be all too easy to say, yes, that cultural studies academic says we should give it all up, never paint our nails again and boycott all the creams,
441
that the most extreme boycott is actually a very good idea.
442
But I've also realized that the beauty treatment of one's own body can be a form of self -care.
443
For example, when life gets stressful, taking time for one's own body.
444
It can also be an act of turning one's attention towards one's own body.
445
But it's important to me to emphasize that this beauty routine doesn't happen in a vacuum.
446
Others profit from our insecurities.
447
And yes, doing it does make a difference.
448
And through the research I carry out, I'm fighting for a world where it doesn't matter whether I go out wearing makeup or not.
449
Irfa has changed her skincare routine.
450
She no longer uses facial oils and has regular exfoliation treatments.
451
My skin feels cleansed and I can already see that my pores have shrunk.
452
Ingo has found the courage to book a course of treatment in Gießen to hopefully get rid of his psoriasis.
453
Britta has decided that her Botox and hyaluronic acid treatments will remain a one -off experiment If I had the money,
454
I'd do it all over again But it's quite an expensive business, and we all need a few laughter lines
455
We'll be right back.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Skin: Multitalented and underappreciated” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: skin, acid, hyaluronic วิดีโอนี้มี 298 ประโยค และ 5650 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 43:05 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 131 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 78% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| acid คำนาม | /ˈæsɪd/ | กรด |
| vitamin คำนาม | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | วิตามิน, ไวตามิน |
| inflammation คำนาม | /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/ | การอักเสบ |
| clinic คำนาม | /ˈklɪn.ɪk/ | คลินิก, เวชสถาน |
| lip คำนาม | /lɪp/ | โอษฐ์, ริมฝีปาก |
| mirror คำนาม | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | กระจก, กระจกเงา |
| procedure คำนาม | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | วิธี, กรรมวิธี |
| bother คำกริยา | /ˈbɑðɚ/ | รบกวน, กวน |
| trigger คำนาม | /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ | ไก, ไกปืน |
| injection คำนาม | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ | การฉีดยา, ฉีดยา |
| thin คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈθɪn/ | บาง |
| layer คำนาม | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | ชั้น |
| tissue คำนาม | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | ทิชชู่ |
| vessel คำนาม | /ˈvɛsəl/ | เรือ |
| substance คำนาม | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | สสาร |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| try out คำกริยา | ลอง | |
| fill out คำกริยา | /fɪl ˈaʊt/ | กรอก |
| carry out คำกริยา | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | กระทำ |
| get up คำกริยา | ลุก | |
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป | |
| hold back คำกริยา | ออมมือ | |
| switch off คำกริยา | ปิด, ดับ |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- How can we protect it?
- What can we do to keep it smooth and firm?
- I just don’t have much time for that.
- It’s bothered me since I was a teenager.
- Have you had any difficulties, pain or severe bruising?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + กริยา — นิสัยหรือสภาพในอดีตที่ตอนนี้ไม่เป็นแล้ว | used to be · used to look |
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | has been improving · we've been looking |
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If it were, we'd have · if you do this or that, you'll look |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have tried · has mentioned · has already set |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 138 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, don't, I've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: smooth /smuːð/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, thin /ˈθɪn/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, sheet /ʃit/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, substance /ˈsʌbstəns/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, reverse /ɹɪˈvɝs/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, cosmetic /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง acid, vitamin, inflammation เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ