シャドーイング練習: How humanity got hooked on coffee - Jonathan Morris - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
C1
One day around 850 CE, a goatherd named Kaldi observed that, after nibbling on some berries, his goats started acting abnormally.
⏸ 一時停止中
再生速度:
すべての文38 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
One day around 850 CE, a goatherd named Kaldi observed that, after nibbling on some berries, his goats started acting abnormally.
2
Kaldi tried them himself, and soon enough he was just as hyper.
3
This was humanity’s first run-in with coffee— or so the story goes.
4
When exactly people began consuming coffee is unclear— but at some point before the 1400s, in what’s now Ethiopia, people began foraging for wild coffee in the forest undergrowth.
5
The reason coffee plants are equipped with lots of caffeine might be because it makes them unattractive to herbivores or more attractive to pollinators.
6
But either way, people caught on to coffee’s advantages and began making tea from its leaves; combining its berries with butter and salt for a sustaining snack; and drying, roasting, and simmering its cherries into an energizing elixir.
7
Coffee rode trade routes into the Middle East, and its widespread popularity began brewing in earnest in the 1450s.
8
Upon returning from a visit to Ethiopia, a Sufi leader recommended that worshippers in Yemen use coffee during ritual chants and dances.
9
Soon enough, people within the Ottoman Empire began roasting and grinding the beans to yield a darker, bolder beverage.
10
Many gathered in guesthouses and outside mosques to partake in coffee’s comforts.
11
But authorities grew concerned about whether coffee’s influence was innocent or intoxicating, and if Muslims should be allowed to drink it.
12
Indeed, in 1511, a religious court in Mecca put coffee on trial.
13
Scholars finally deemed it permissible, so coffeehouses sprang up in Damascus, Istanbul, and beyond, where clientele could sip coffee, smoke, and enjoy a variety of entertainment.
14
By the late 1500s, people in Yemen were farming coffee and exporting it from the port of Al-Makha, which became known in other parts of the world as Mocha.
15
But coffee was eventually transported— or smuggled— into India, and soon took root in Java and beyond.
16
Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire introduced the stimulating substance to Europe.
17
Central London’s first coffeehouses opened in the 1650s.
18
By 1663 there were more than 80.
19
And despite King Charles II’s attempt to ban them in 1675, coffeehouses kept simmering as social and intellectual hotbeds.
20
In 1679, for instance, patrons of Garraway’s coffeehouse had the pleasure of watching Robert Hooke, the scientist who coined the term “cell,” publicly dissect a porpoise.
21
In France, people began mixing coffee with milk and sugar.
22
And throughout the 1700s, Paris’ coffeehouses hosted Enlightenment figures like Diderot and Voltaire, who allegedly drank 50 cups of coffee a day.
23
Granted, these were likely small servings of comparatively weak coffee— but still, impressive.
24
Meanwhile, European empires began profiting off coffee-growing, establishing enslaved or exploited workforces in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
25
As cultivation boomed in Latin America, fueled by slavery, growers displaced Indigenous populations and burned forests to establish ever-expanding plantations.
26
By 1906, Brazil was exporting over 80% of the world’s coffee.
27
That same year, the Milan World’s Fair showcased the first commercial espresso machine.
28
And alongside the development of industrial roasting equipment came various coffee brands.
29
By the mid-1950s, about 60% of US factories incorporated coffee breaks.
30
As African countries cut colonial ties, many ramped up coffee production.
31
And coffee drinking also later made inroads in East Asia, especially as canned, pre-prepared beverages.
32
In more recent decades, specialty coffees with an emphasis on quality beans and brewing methods grew popular and propelled farms in Central America and East Africa.
33
Yet coffee workers worldwide continued to endure inhumane conditions and insufficient compensation.
34
This motivated certification efforts for coffee production that met ethical standards, including minimum wage and sustainable farming.
35
But issues still loom over the industry.
36
And because of climate change, the equatorial “Bean Belt” where coffee thrives is projected to shrink in upcoming decades.
37
It’s unclear exactly what this might look like.
38
But scientists are investigating possibilities like resilient coffee hybrids that might help weather the unpredictable future— all to protect the beverage that’s become a cherished part of daily rituals worldwide.
アプリをダウンロード
話したすべての文をAIが採点
TRENDING
人気動画
App StoreとGoogle Playで4.9/5
Shadowing English
モバイル版
Shadowing Englishアプリでいつでもどこでも英語を学びましょう。 今すぐコミュニケーションスキルを向上させましょう！
学習の進捗を追跡する
AIによる採点とエラー修正
豊富な動画ライブラリ
この動画で話す練習をする理由
コーヒーの歴史を探るこの動画は、英語を学ぶための素晴らしいリソースです。話し手は、コーヒーの起源から現在に至るまでの物語を魅力的に語り、リスナーに引きつけるプレゼンテーションを行います。英語スピーキング練習において、こうしたコンテキストは非常に重要です。听き取りや発音、リズムに注意を払いながら、話者のスタイルを模倣することで、あなたの英語力を向上させることができます。また、「YouTubeで英語学習」を活用することで、さまざまな文化や表現を学びながら、リスニング力を高めることができます。
文法と表現の文脈
この動画の中で使用されているいくつかの重要な構造について分析してみましょう。
- 過去形の使用: 「Kaldi observed that...」のように、過去の出来事を説明する際に過去形が効果的に使用されています。
- 受動態: 「coffee was transported...」のように、受動態は事実を伝えるのに役立つ手法です。
- 条件文: 「if Muslims should be allowed to drink it」のように、条件を示す構文は議論を進めるために重要です。
こうした文法構造を理解することで、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ち、より自然な表現が可能になります。
一般的な発音の落とし穴
発音に関して注意すべきトリッキーな単語やアクセントもあります。この動画で特に気をつけたいのは：
- 「coffee」: 最初の /k/ 音が強調されるため、注意が必要です。
- 「caffeine」: 正しい強勢を置くことで、明瞭さが増します。
- 「exporting」: /ɪŋ/ の部分をしっかり発音できるよう練習しましょう。
これらの単語を正しく発音するための「shadow speech」のテクニックを用いることで、話し方が向上します。普段の英語スピーキング練習に加え、こうした練習を行うことが大切です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。