쉐도잉 연습: How humanity got hooked on coffee - Jonathan Morris - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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One day around 850 CE, a goatherd named Kaldi observed that, after nibbling on some berries, his goats started acting abnormally.
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One day around 850 CE, a goatherd named Kaldi observed that, after nibbling on some berries, his goats started acting abnormally.
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Kaldi tried them himself, and soon enough he was just as hyper.
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This was humanity’s first run-in with coffee— or so the story goes.
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When exactly people began consuming coffee is unclear— but at some point before the 1400s, in what’s now Ethiopia, people began foraging for wild coffee in the forest undergrowth.
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The reason coffee plants are equipped with lots of caffeine might be because it makes them unattractive to herbivores or more attractive to pollinators.
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But either way, people caught on to coffee’s advantages and began making tea from its leaves; combining its berries with butter and salt for a sustaining snack; and drying, roasting, and simmering its cherries into an energizing elixir.
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Coffee rode trade routes into the Middle East, and its widespread popularity began brewing in earnest in the 1450s.
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Upon returning from a visit to Ethiopia, a Sufi leader recommended that worshippers in Yemen use coffee during ritual chants and dances.
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Soon enough, people within the Ottoman Empire began roasting and grinding the beans to yield a darker, bolder beverage.
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Many gathered in guesthouses and outside mosques to partake in coffee’s comforts.
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But authorities grew concerned about whether coffee’s influence was innocent or intoxicating, and if Muslims should be allowed to drink it.
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Indeed, in 1511, a religious court in Mecca put coffee on trial.
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Scholars finally deemed it permissible, so coffeehouses sprang up in Damascus, Istanbul, and beyond, where clientele could sip coffee, smoke, and enjoy a variety of entertainment.
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By the late 1500s, people in Yemen were farming coffee and exporting it from the port of Al-Makha, which became known in other parts of the world as Mocha.
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But coffee was eventually transported— or smuggled— into India, and soon took root in Java and beyond.
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Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire introduced the stimulating substance to Europe.
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Central London’s first coffeehouses opened in the 1650s.
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By 1663 there were more than 80.
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And despite King Charles II’s attempt to ban them in 1675, coffeehouses kept simmering as social and intellectual hotbeds.
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In 1679, for instance, patrons of Garraway’s coffeehouse had the pleasure of watching Robert Hooke, the scientist who coined the term “cell,” publicly dissect a porpoise.
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In France, people began mixing coffee with milk and sugar.
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And throughout the 1700s, Paris’ coffeehouses hosted Enlightenment figures like Diderot and Voltaire, who allegedly drank 50 cups of coffee a day.
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Granted, these were likely small servings of comparatively weak coffee— but still, impressive.
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Meanwhile, European empires began profiting off coffee-growing, establishing enslaved or exploited workforces in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
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As cultivation boomed in Latin America, fueled by slavery, growers displaced Indigenous populations and burned forests to establish ever-expanding plantations.
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By 1906, Brazil was exporting over 80% of the world’s coffee.
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That same year, the Milan World’s Fair showcased the first commercial espresso machine.
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And alongside the development of industrial roasting equipment came various coffee brands.
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By the mid-1950s, about 60% of US factories incorporated coffee breaks.
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As African countries cut colonial ties, many ramped up coffee production.
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And coffee drinking also later made inroads in East Asia, especially as canned, pre-prepared beverages.
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In more recent decades, specialty coffees with an emphasis on quality beans and brewing methods grew popular and propelled farms in Central America and East Africa.
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Yet coffee workers worldwide continued to endure inhumane conditions and insufficient compensation.
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This motivated certification efforts for coffee production that met ethical standards, including minimum wage and sustainable farming.
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But issues still loom over the industry.
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And because of climate change, the equatorial “Bean Belt” where coffee thrives is projected to shrink in upcoming decades.
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It’s unclear exactly what this might look like.
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But scientists are investigating possibilities like resilient coffee hybrids that might help weather the unpredictable future— all to protect the beverage that’s become a cherished part of daily rituals worldwide.

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이 비디오는 커피의 역사와 그 사회적, 문화적 영향에 대한 깊이 있는 통찰력을 제공합니다. 영어를 구사할 때 이러한 주제에 대한 이해는 IELTS 스피킹과 같은 시험에서 높은 점수를 받을 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. 발음과 억양을 연습하면서 다양한 문화적 배경을 탐구하는 것은 shadow speech와 shadowspeak 연습에 매우 유익합니다. 이 비디오를 듣고 말하기 연습을 하면 영어 의사소통 능력을 향상시키는 데 큰 도움이 될 것입니다.

문맥 속의 문법 및 표현

  • 관계절: "who"와 같은 관계대명사를 사용해 설명을 추가하는 방식은 청중에게 더 많은 정보를 제공합니다.
  • 과거 시제: "began," "observed," 등의 과거형 동사는 이야기를 전개하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 사건의 발생 시점을 명확히 하여 서술의 흐름을 좋게 합니다.
  • 조건절: "If"로 시작하는 조건문은 가정적인 상황을 설명하며, 프로세스를 이해하는 데 도움을 줍니다. 예: "If people drink coffee, they may feel energized."

이러한 문법 구조를 이해하고 사용하는 것은 영어 회화에서 더욱 자연스럽고 설득력 있게 말할 수 있는 길을 열어줍니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

비디오에서 주목할 만한 발음 문제는 caffeine과 elixir와 같은 전문 용어입니다. 이 단어들은 특히 비영어 원어민에게 발음하기 어려운 경우가 많습니다. 또한 "Mocha"와 같은 지역 이름도 주의해서 발음해야 합니다. 영어 쉐도잉 은 이러한 발음 함정을 개선하는 데 매우 유용합니다. 반면, 발음 연습뿐만 아니라 억양과 강세를 통해 비디오에서 수집한 표현을 더욱 효과적으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 이러한 연습은 shadowing site에서 자주 시행되고 있습니다.

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