シャドーイング練習: How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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In this video, I'll teach you to read faster than everyone around you.

As a learning coach for the past 13 years and as a former medical doctor,

I'll show you the strategies that I use to double my reading speed while improving my comprehension, even for dense textbooks and research articles.

If you want to read faster, the most important thing you have to realize is that words per minute do not matter.

What matters is the level of comprehension you have after reading.

But what does level of comprehension even mean?

Most people say that if you've read something and then you understand what you read, you've comprehended it.

But there's a difference between understanding something enough to answer a

simple question about it versus being able to write an entire dissertation about it.

And so comprehension is not this binary thing.

It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?

It's how fast can you read and what level, what depth of comprehension were you able to achieve?

And I found that the reason most people struggle to read faster

while maintaining comprehension is that they're using the wrong level of reading strategy for the level of comprehension they need.

So in this video, I'll show you the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategy for each level.

These strategies will not only increase your words per minute, but also allow you to remember, understand, and apply what you've read.

So starting with the first level comprehension

which is literal literal comprehension is just word for word understanding

if you buy a piece of furniture and you need to assemble it

and read the instructions you need just a literal level of comprehension

and there are actually a lot of speed reading techniques

that help you with this first level of comprehension a lot of people talk about this idea of sub vocalization

or stopping sub vocalization sub vocalization is when you're reading something

and you sort of mutter the words out as you're speaking

or you could even be saying it in your head

but also means that your reading speed is limited to how fast you can mouth out the words

or how fast you can say it inside your head and

so some techniques focus on stopping

that sub vocalization there are other techniques such as grouping words together

so instead of reading one word at a time you're actually reading two

or three or four or five words in one go

and you can use these strategies

and train yourself to read at over a thousand words per minute

which is about seven or eight times faster than the average university student.

And I actually did that.

When I was 17, I spent summer holidays just training my reading speed.

And my comprehension was like 80 to 90%.

Unfortunately, it was only 80 to 90 % at this first literal level,

which is actually the least valuable and least transferable level.

Because if you're doing any type of learning or studying or advanced reading, literal understanding alone is just not going to get you very far.

And so So personally, I think there's only one strategy in common speed reading techniques

that actually is valuable at increasing your reading speed for this level

while also being something that helps you at every level beyond it.

And that strategy is something called smart skimming.

Smart skimming is where you take a piece of text and instead of just reading it linearly first,

you're going to scan through it to look for the headings, subheadings, bolded words, anything that sticks out at you that it might be more important.

And by skimming through, you're going to get a general understanding about what this is talking about.

Now, I call it smart skimming because you should control when to go faster and skim and when to slow down.

For example, if you see a heading that you think is really important, then slow down to read it and then read the paragraph underneath it

and then skim through until you see the next thing that could be important and then slow down to read that.

You can also apply this for a single sentence where there might be half of a sentence

which is kind of just filler words but there are only a few keywords

and if you just know those keywords you can get a sense for what it's talking about.

And so by doing this you don't sacrifice your comprehension really at all

but you can increase your words per minute by maybe 30 to 50 percent straight off the bat.

As I said this is a great strategy not only to just get literal comprehension

but an overall great reading strategy that you can use for any level of comprehension.

Now, for most of you, you're already going to be beyond level one and you're going to be on at least level two.

Level two is implied.

Implied comprehension is about being able to not only understand it literally, but then read between the lines.

You're able to read a passage and say, it literally said this, but I think it was also suggesting this and this and this.

You can form additional conclusions beyond what was just explicitly explained to you.

This is also the level at which you usually feel that you've properly understood the thing that you've read.

But this also introduces a danger because just because you've understood something

that you've read at the time when you've read it doesn't mean

that you're going to be able to remember that later or

that you're going to be able to use that information in whatever way you need to use it.

Two weeks later when you're trying to explain it to someone else you only remember

that at the time you understood it but the actual facts and concepts themselves slightly escape you.

A lot of people will just chalk this up to having a bad memory,

but actually this is just a side effect of stopping at level two comprehension.

At this level, you tend to be able to understand what you're reading.

However, you don't necessarily have a great memory or a great depth of mastery,

which means that you can't necessarily apply this information for complex problem solving or decision -making.

Now, the thing that allows you to achieve level two comprehension is actually just language fluency.

And so this is not a difficult level to achieve, especially if you're a native speaker.

Having said that, if you're not a native speaker of the language or you're tackling a level of reading with very,

very technical words, written in a very complicated way that you're not used to,

then the fastest strategy to unlock this level more consistently is going to be immersion.

Immersion just refers to exposing yourself to this language at the level that you need by reading more widely and more often.

Building fluency in a language is a very complicated field with its own entire field of research, which I can't get into in this video.

But what continually stands out is this concept of immersion.

The more you expose yourself at that level and attempt to read and write at that level, the faster your fluency is going to grow.

Now, for most people, they get stuck at level one and level two.

But level three is actually the point at

which you can really start becoming faster than everyone else that's because at level three there is a bottleneck flip

bottleneck flip see as you progress from level one through to

level two as your words per minute increases your overall ability to read

and understand and cover material in a meaningful way also increases

if you go from 50 words per minute to 150 words per minute you are tripling your ability to cover content,

which means you're going to read this three times faster.

At level one and level two, your primary bottleneck is words per minute.

But starting from level three, it's not enough just to have a literal or temporarily understood comprehension of what you've read.

And almost all of the reading that you're going to do in higher education

and professional life requires a minimum level three of comprehension.

And so from level three, the bottleneck flips from being words per minute to your comprehension speed.

And I found that this is actually at around 150 to 200 words per minute, which is not that fast.

At that point, it doesn't matter if you double

or triple your words per minute because your bottleneck is how much of that you are able to comprehend and how deeply.

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Now, if this concept of the bottleneck flipping is new to you, then it tells me one thing, a very important thing.

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It tells me that you haven't joined my newsletter

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because one of the first emails that you get in my newsletter series is about reading speed.

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And I talk about this very concept in that email.

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And so if you have found this video useful so far

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and you want to get more of these insights delivered to your inbox every single week, only taking a few minutes to read,

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then you might be interested in joining my free weekly newsletter.

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And a lot of the concepts I talk about on YouTube are in my newsletter as well as some

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that I don't even talk about in my videos.

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So if you're interested in joining that, again, it's totally free.

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I'll leave a link to that in the description below.

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Now, on to level three.

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Level three is called the critical level of comprehension.

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And the key difference between just understanding something and critically understanding something is that at level three,

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we're now making judgments about the value of what we are reading and what we've understood.

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And it seems like a small difference, but mastering level three is the key to being a faster reader than everyone around you

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because most people do not engage in this crucial step.

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When you're reading for level three comprehension, you realize that it doesn't matter how many pages of the book you'll flick through.

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What matters is how much of this knowledge sticks into your brain at the end of that reading session.

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What matters is that when someone asks you a question, you know how to answer it.

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You can teach this knowledge.

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You can use it for your daily work or your study.

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And so to achieve this, you actually start doing things that slow down your words per minute

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that thing about sub vocalization

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I talked about before where you mouth out the words as you say it well it turns out

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that sub vocalizing is actually a strategy that can increase your comprehension and

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so sometimes we can choose to sub vocalize deliberately

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we completely pause from reading just to think about what we've consumed

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and during those thinking breaks we make these value judgments

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and instead of just taking the information at face value

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we are now in the driver's seat generating our own knowledge simply using the reading as a data point.

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The book is simply a source of information

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that sparks our brain to think about the topic and form our own meaning and form our own conclusions.

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And so the fastest strategy to achieve a level three comprehension is question and critique.

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Question and critique is an incredibly simple strategy but also incredibly powerful.

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It simply means that when you read something, after each concept, pause and ask yourself a series of questions about what you've just read.

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The types of questions

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that I find really useful for hitting level 3 quickly are

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questions like why was this important enough for the author to explain it?

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Why do I need to care about this?

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Or how is this similar or different to something else that I've read?

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How does it compare to what I already know about this?

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Depending on what I'm reading I might also have some questions that I'm generally curious about.

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It may not necessarily be in the scope of what you are learning

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but it's worthwhile to chase these strands of curiosity

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because that's your brain trying to make meaningful connections

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and the result of making those meaningful connections is

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that you're going to be able to use

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that information in a more nuanced way and it's going to stick into your memory much longer.

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Now unfortunately the reason that most people don't hit level 3 is

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because it takes more time which seems counterintuitive

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that you would actually slow down your reading speed in order to read faster than everyone else

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but the thing is that

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if you don't engage in these strategies then you can be reading using a level 1

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or a level 2 strategy again and again and again

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and you might be reading at a 500 words per minute a thousand words per minute

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but you will have to read the same thing six seven eight times

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you have to spend hours thinking about it and studying it

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and revising it and repeating it just to make it stick into your memory

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and even then your understanding still won't be very deep.

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The way I like to think about it is like solving a jigsaw puzzle.

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It doesn't matter if you are blazingly fast at picking pieces out of the box

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and then putting them down and connecting them together.

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Most of the value is going to come from looking at each piece and thinking about where to put it.

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So if the level of comprehension you're looking for is level 3 or above,

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any time that is spent on just going through words without thinking about what to do with

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that information is actually a waste of time.

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Now this is even more important if the level you're trying to reach is level 4.

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Level 4 is what I call adaptive level of comprehension.

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At this level we are using the information from what we read

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and then applying and adapting it to our own unique often complicated contexts.

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This is the level that you need to reach

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if you want to use the information you've gained to solve really complicated problems and to make really complicated decisions.

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When you're designing high -stakes plans and strategies you have to take the information,

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see what's useful, make that your own and then adapt that with your own expertise to whatever need you have.

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You can imagine at this point how fast you can read through pages is almost completely inconsequential

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which ironically makes you faster than everyone else

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because even by reading a little you're able to achieve a outcome

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and a quality that most people can't achieve no matter how long they spend on it

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so the fastest strategy to achieve level four is abstract, apply, and attack.

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So abstracting something means that you're taking something and then you're generalizing and extracting the essential features of it.

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So if you're a scientist looking at a bunch of data,

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you may abstract the key trends and key observations in order to formulate a new theory.

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It's the ability to take in information,

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see which parts of the information are essential and turn those essential pieces into valuable principles that you can repurpose.

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So once you've abstracted this leads to the second part which is to apply.

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Apply means you take those abstracted concepts and you try to use them in your own personal situations.

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So if there's a project you're working on

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and you're learning about a bunch of things in order to solve a problem in

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that project you're abstracting principles and you're going to try to apply them to your problem

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and apply is not a one

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and done there are many ways you might be able to apply the information

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and especially if you're reading a ton of information there are lots of different pieces of

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that that can be combined in different ways and applied in different ways and this process of deliberately trying to abstract combine,

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compare it together, apply it and see how it works or doesn't work, actually builds expertise and knowledge in your brain.

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Even if you don't come to a solution at the end of that, that knowledge becomes ingrained in your memory very deeply.

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You don't have to go back to your notes, you don't have to read through it again, that knowledge is now yours.

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But if you really want to lock in at level 4, you have to follow up with the attack.

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Attack means that once you've applied it in multiple different ways, and once you've formulated an understanding about what you have read,

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you're actually going to deliberately look for counter -arguments and assumptions.

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This is where using a tool like ChatGPT can be great.

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You can summarize your understanding into ChatGPT, and you can say, what are some of the angles I might be missing?

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What are some perspectives that I might be missing?

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And often, this can lead you down a rabbit hole of further reading.

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And this, again, helps to build a more holistic, balanced, accurate understanding of the topic.

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Now, does it take more time to read those things?

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Yes.

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But remember, we are now operating in such a way where we're building comprehension and extracting learning from what we read

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incomparably faster than someone that is using a level one or level two strategy.

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After a few hours of reading at level three and level four, when you talk about what you have learned,

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it comes across as if you have known this information for months or years.

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You communicate it like an expert it.

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You can immediately use it to solve problems.

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And if you can do that after just a few hours of reading, then I guarantee you're going to be faster than everyone around you.

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So those were the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategies to help you achieve each of these levels.

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If you want to learn a little bit more about how you can extend this in the rest of your learning,

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then you might want to check out this video here.

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Thanks so much for watching and I'll see you in the next one.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：reading, comprehension, word, faster, strategy。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が217文、単語が3064語あります。音声の長さは16:16です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約188語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
comprehension 名詞	/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/	理解, 了解
abstract 名詞	/ˈæbˌstɹækt/	概要, 要約
literal 形容詞	/ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/	逐語的な, 文字通り
complicated 形容詞	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	複雑な
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術
newsletter 名詞	/ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/	ニュースレター
meaningful 形容詞	/ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/	有意義な
deliberately 副詞	/dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/	故意に, わざと
comprehend 動詞	/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/	解る, 理解する
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	話題, テーマ
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比べる, 比較する
deeply 副詞	/ˈdi(ː)pli/	深く
conclusion 名詞	/kənˈkluːʒən/	終わり, 結び
principle 名詞	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	原理, 原則

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
slow down 動詞	遅らせる
check out 動詞	試験する, 検査する

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?
Why do I need to care about this?
How does it compare to what I already know about this?
What are some perspectives that I might be missing?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	you've read · you've understood · haven't joined
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is implied · is called · is spent
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	minute, which is · part which is

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, you've, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を82回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
「sh」と「zh」の音: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: solve /sɒlv/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/, vocalization /voʊk(ə)l(a)ɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flip /flɪp/, meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, furniture /ˈfɝ.nɪ.t͡ʃɚ/, sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。comprehension, abstract, literalなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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