Pratica di Shadowing: How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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In this video, I'll teach you to read faster than everyone around you.
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As a learning coach for the past 13 years and as a former medical doctor,
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I'll show you the strategies that I use to double my reading speed while improving my comprehension, even for dense textbooks and research articles.
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If you want to read faster, the most important thing you have to realize is that words per minute do not matter.
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What matters is the level of comprehension you have after reading.
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But what does level of comprehension even mean?
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Most people say that if you've read something and then you understand what you read, you've comprehended it.
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But there's a difference between understanding something enough to answer a
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simple question about it versus being able to write an entire dissertation about it.
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And so comprehension is not this binary thing.
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It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?
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It's how fast can you read and what level, what depth of comprehension were you able to achieve?
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And I found that the reason most people struggle to read faster
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while maintaining comprehension is that they're using the wrong level of reading strategy for the level of comprehension they need.
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So in this video, I'll show you the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategy for each level.
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These strategies will not only increase your words per minute, but also allow you to remember, understand, and apply what you've read.
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So starting with the first level comprehension
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which is literal literal comprehension is just word for word understanding
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if you buy a piece of furniture and you need to assemble it
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and read the instructions you need just a literal level of comprehension
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and there are actually a lot of speed reading techniques
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that help you with this first level of comprehension a lot of people talk about this idea of sub vocalization
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or stopping sub vocalization sub vocalization is when you're reading something
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and you sort of mutter the words out as you're speaking
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or you could even be saying it in your head
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but also means that your reading speed is limited to how fast you can mouth out the words
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or how fast you can say it inside your head and
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so some techniques focus on stopping
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that sub vocalization there are other techniques such as grouping words together
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so instead of reading one word at a time you're actually reading two
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or three or four or five words in one go
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and you can use these strategies
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and train yourself to read at over a thousand words per minute
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which is about seven or eight times faster than the average university student.
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And I actually did that.
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When I was 17, I spent summer holidays just training my reading speed.
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And my comprehension was like 80 to 90%.
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Unfortunately, it was only 80 to 90 % at this first literal level,
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which is actually the least valuable and least transferable level.
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Because if you're doing any type of learning or studying or advanced reading, literal understanding alone is just not going to get you very far.
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And so So personally, I think there's only one strategy in common speed reading techniques
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that actually is valuable at increasing your reading speed for this level
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while also being something that helps you at every level beyond it.
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And that strategy is something called smart skimming.
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Smart skimming is where you take a piece of text and instead of just reading it linearly first,
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you're going to scan through it to look for the headings, subheadings, bolded words, anything that sticks out at you that it might be more important.
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And by skimming through, you're going to get a general understanding about what this is talking about.
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Now, I call it smart skimming because you should control when to go faster and skim and when to slow down.
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For example, if you see a heading that you think is really important, then slow down to read it and then read the paragraph underneath it
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and then skim through until you see the next thing that could be important and then slow down to read that.
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You can also apply this for a single sentence where there might be half of a sentence
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which is kind of just filler words but there are only a few keywords
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and if you just know those keywords you can get a sense for what it's talking about.
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And so by doing this you don't sacrifice your comprehension really at all
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but you can increase your words per minute by maybe 30 to 50 percent straight off the bat.
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As I said this is a great strategy not only to just get literal comprehension
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but an overall great reading strategy that you can use for any level of comprehension.
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Now, for most of you, you're already going to be beyond level one and you're going to be on at least level two.
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Level two is implied.
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Implied comprehension is about being able to not only understand it literally, but then read between the lines.
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You're able to read a passage and say, it literally said this, but I think it was also suggesting this and this and this.
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You can form additional conclusions beyond what was just explicitly explained to you.
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This is also the level at which you usually feel that you've properly understood the thing that you've read.
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But this also introduces a danger because just because you've understood something
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that you've read at the time when you've read it doesn't mean
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that you're going to be able to remember that later or
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that you're going to be able to use that information in whatever way you need to use it.
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Two weeks later when you're trying to explain it to someone else you only remember
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that at the time you understood it but the actual facts and concepts themselves slightly escape you.
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A lot of people will just chalk this up to having a bad memory,
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but actually this is just a side effect of stopping at level two comprehension.
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At this level, you tend to be able to understand what you're reading.
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However, you don't necessarily have a great memory or a great depth of mastery,
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which means that you can't necessarily apply this information for complex problem solving or decision -making.
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Now, the thing that allows you to achieve level two comprehension is actually just language fluency.
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And so this is not a difficult level to achieve, especially if you're a native speaker.
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Having said that, if you're not a native speaker of the language or you're tackling a level of reading with very,
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very technical words, written in a very complicated way that you're not used to,
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then the fastest strategy to unlock this level more consistently is going to be immersion.
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Immersion just refers to exposing yourself to this language at the level that you need by reading more widely and more often.
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Building fluency in a language is a very complicated field with its own entire field of research, which I can't get into in this video.
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But what continually stands out is this concept of immersion.
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The more you expose yourself at that level and attempt to read and write at that level, the faster your fluency is going to grow.
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Now, for most people, they get stuck at level one and level two.
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But level three is actually the point at
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which you can really start becoming faster than everyone else that's because at level three there is a bottleneck flip
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bottleneck flip see as you progress from level one through to
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level two as your words per minute increases your overall ability to read
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and understand and cover material in a meaningful way also increases
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if you go from 50 words per minute to 150 words per minute you are tripling your ability to cover content,
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which means you're going to read this three times faster.
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At level one and level two, your primary bottleneck is words per minute.
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But starting from level three, it's not enough just to have a literal or temporarily understood comprehension of what you've read.
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And almost all of the reading that you're going to do in higher education
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and professional life requires a minimum level three of comprehension.
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And so from level three, the bottleneck flips from being words per minute to your comprehension speed.
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And I found that this is actually at around 150 to 200 words per minute, which is not that fast.
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At that point, it doesn't matter if you double
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or triple your words per minute because your bottleneck is how much of that you are able to comprehend and how deeply.
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Now, if this concept of the bottleneck flipping is new to you, then it tells me one thing, a very important thing.
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It tells me that you haven't joined my newsletter
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because one of the first emails that you get in my newsletter series is about reading speed.
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And I talk about this very concept in that email.
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And so if you have found this video useful so far
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and you want to get more of these insights delivered to your inbox every single week, only taking a few minutes to read,
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then you might be interested in joining my free weekly newsletter.
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And a lot of the concepts I talk about on YouTube are in my newsletter as well as some
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that I don't even talk about in my videos.
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So if you're interested in joining that, again, it's totally free.
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I'll leave a link to that in the description below.
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Now, on to level three.
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Level three is called the critical level of comprehension.
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And the key difference between just understanding something and critically understanding something is that at level three,
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we're now making judgments about the value of what we are reading and what we've understood.
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And it seems like a small difference, but mastering level three is the key to being a faster reader than everyone around you
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because most people do not engage in this crucial step.
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When you're reading for level three comprehension, you realize that it doesn't matter how many pages of the book you'll flick through.
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What matters is how much of this knowledge sticks into your brain at the end of that reading session.
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What matters is that when someone asks you a question, you know how to answer it.
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You can teach this knowledge.
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You can use it for your daily work or your study.
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And so to achieve this, you actually start doing things that slow down your words per minute
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that thing about sub vocalization
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I talked about before where you mouth out the words as you say it well it turns out
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that sub vocalizing is actually a strategy that can increase your comprehension and
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so sometimes we can choose to sub vocalize deliberately
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we completely pause from reading just to think about what we've consumed
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and during those thinking breaks we make these value judgments
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and instead of just taking the information at face value
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we are now in the driver's seat generating our own knowledge simply using the reading as a data point.
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The book is simply a source of information
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that sparks our brain to think about the topic and form our own meaning and form our own conclusions.
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And so the fastest strategy to achieve a level three comprehension is question and critique.
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Question and critique is an incredibly simple strategy but also incredibly powerful.
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It simply means that when you read something, after each concept, pause and ask yourself a series of questions about what you've just read.
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The types of questions
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that I find really useful for hitting level 3 quickly are
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questions like why was this important enough for the author to explain it?
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Why do I need to care about this?
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Or how is this similar or different to something else that I've read?
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How does it compare to what I already know about this?
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Depending on what I'm reading I might also have some questions that I'm generally curious about.
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It may not necessarily be in the scope of what you are learning
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but it's worthwhile to chase these strands of curiosity
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because that's your brain trying to make meaningful connections
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and the result of making those meaningful connections is
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that you're going to be able to use
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that information in a more nuanced way and it's going to stick into your memory much longer.
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Now unfortunately the reason that most people don't hit level 3 is
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because it takes more time which seems counterintuitive
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that you would actually slow down your reading speed in order to read faster than everyone else
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but the thing is that
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if you don't engage in these strategies then you can be reading using a level 1
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or a level 2 strategy again and again and again
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and you might be reading at a 500 words per minute a thousand words per minute
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but you will have to read the same thing six seven eight times
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you have to spend hours thinking about it and studying it
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and revising it and repeating it just to make it stick into your memory
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and even then your understanding still won't be very deep.
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The way I like to think about it is like solving a jigsaw puzzle.
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It doesn't matter if you are blazingly fast at picking pieces out of the box
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and then putting them down and connecting them together.
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Most of the value is going to come from looking at each piece and thinking about where to put it.
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So if the level of comprehension you're looking for is level 3 or above,
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any time that is spent on just going through words without thinking about what to do with
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that information is actually a waste of time.
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Now this is even more important if the level you're trying to reach is level 4.
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Level 4 is what I call adaptive level of comprehension.
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At this level we are using the information from what we read
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and then applying and adapting it to our own unique often complicated contexts.
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This is the level that you need to reach
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if you want to use the information you've gained to solve really complicated problems and to make really complicated decisions.
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When you're designing high -stakes plans and strategies you have to take the information,
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see what's useful, make that your own and then adapt that with your own expertise to whatever need you have.
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You can imagine at this point how fast you can read through pages is almost completely inconsequential
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which ironically makes you faster than everyone else
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because even by reading a little you're able to achieve a outcome
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and a quality that most people can't achieve no matter how long they spend on it
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so the fastest strategy to achieve level four is abstract, apply, and attack.
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So abstracting something means that you're taking something and then you're generalizing and extracting the essential features of it.
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So if you're a scientist looking at a bunch of data,
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you may abstract the key trends and key observations in order to formulate a new theory.
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It's the ability to take in information,
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see which parts of the information are essential and turn those essential pieces into valuable principles that you can repurpose.
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So once you've abstracted this leads to the second part which is to apply.
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Apply means you take those abstracted concepts and you try to use them in your own personal situations.
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So if there's a project you're working on
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and you're learning about a bunch of things in order to solve a problem in
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that project you're abstracting principles and you're going to try to apply them to your problem
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and apply is not a one
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and done there are many ways you might be able to apply the information
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and especially if you're reading a ton of information there are lots of different pieces of
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that that can be combined in different ways and applied in different ways and this process of deliberately trying to abstract combine,
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compare it together, apply it and see how it works or doesn't work, actually builds expertise and knowledge in your brain.
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Even if you don't come to a solution at the end of that, that knowledge becomes ingrained in your memory very deeply.
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You don't have to go back to your notes, you don't have to read through it again, that knowledge is now yours.
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But if you really want to lock in at level 4, you have to follow up with the attack.
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Attack means that once you've applied it in multiple different ways, and once you've formulated an understanding about what you have read,
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you're actually going to deliberately look for counter -arguments and assumptions.
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This is where using a tool like ChatGPT can be great.
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You can summarize your understanding into ChatGPT, and you can say, what are some of the angles I might be missing?
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What are some perspectives that I might be missing?
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And often, this can lead you down a rabbit hole of further reading.
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And this, again, helps to build a more holistic, balanced, accurate understanding of the topic.
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Now, does it take more time to read those things?
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Yes.
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But remember, we are now operating in such a way where we're building comprehension and extracting learning from what we read
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incomparably faster than someone that is using a level one or level two strategy.
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After a few hours of reading at level three and level four, when you talk about what you have learned,
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it comes across as if you have known this information for months or years.
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You communicate it like an expert it.
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You can immediately use it to solve problems.
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And if you can do that after just a few hours of reading, then I guarantee you're going to be faster than everyone around you.
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So those were the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategies to help you achieve each of these levels.
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If you want to learn a little bit more about how you can extend this in the rest of your learning,
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then you might want to check out this video here.
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Thanks so much for watching and I'll see you in the next one.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: reading, comprehension, word, faster, strategy. Questo video contiene 217 frasi e 3064 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 16:16. Chi parla va veloce, circa 188 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 88% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è facile da seguire.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| comprehension sostantivo | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ | comprensione |
| abstract sostantivo | /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ | estratto, sunto |
| literal aggettivo | /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ | letterale, alla lettera |
| complicated aggettivo | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | complicato, intricato |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | risolvere |
| technique sostantivo | /tɛkˈniːk/ | tecnica |
| flip verbo | /flɪp/ | capovolgere, spadellare |
| newsletter sostantivo | /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/ | bollettino |
| necessarily avverbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente, a tutti i costi |
| meaningful aggettivo | /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/ | significativo, sensato |
| deliberately avverbio | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/ | intenzionalmente, deliberatamente |
| comprehend verbo | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ | comprendere, capire |
| topic sostantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tema, categoria |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | paragonare |
| deeply avverbio | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | in profondità, estremamente |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| slow down verbo | rallentare, decelerare |
| check out verbo | investigare |
| come across verbo | dare l'impressione, avere l'aria |
| go through verbo | attraversare |
| turn out verbo | risultare |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?
- Why do I need to care about this?
- How does it compare to what I already know about this?
- What are some perspectives that I might be missing?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | you've read · you've understood · haven't joined |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is implied · is called · is spent |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | minute, which is · part which is |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 82 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, you've, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, heading /ˈhɛdɪŋ/, holistic /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, solve /sɒlv/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/, flip /flɪp/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/, adapt /əˈdæpt/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come comprehension, abstract, literal.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.