Pratique du Shadowing: How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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217 phrases
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In this video, I'll teach you to read faster than everyone around you.
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As a learning coach for the past 13 years and as a former medical doctor,
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I'll show you the strategies that I use to double my reading speed while improving my comprehension, even for dense textbooks and research articles.
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If you want to read faster, the most important thing you have to realize is that words per minute do not matter.
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What matters is the level of comprehension you have after reading.
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But what does level of comprehension even mean?
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Most people say that if you've read something and then you understand what you read, you've comprehended it.
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But there's a difference between understanding something enough to answer a
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simple question about it versus being able to write an entire dissertation about it.
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And so comprehension is not this binary thing.
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It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?
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It's how fast can you read and what level, what depth of comprehension were you able to achieve?
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And I found that the reason most people struggle to read faster
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while maintaining comprehension is that they're using the wrong level of reading strategy for the level of comprehension they need.
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So in this video, I'll show you the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategy for each level.
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These strategies will not only increase your words per minute, but also allow you to remember, understand, and apply what you've read.
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So starting with the first level comprehension
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which is literal literal comprehension is just word for word understanding
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if you buy a piece of furniture and you need to assemble it
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and read the instructions you need just a literal level of comprehension
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and there are actually a lot of speed reading techniques
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that help you with this first level of comprehension a lot of people talk about this idea of sub vocalization
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or stopping sub vocalization sub vocalization is when you're reading something
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and you sort of mutter the words out as you're speaking
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or you could even be saying it in your head
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but also means that your reading speed is limited to how fast you can mouth out the words
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or how fast you can say it inside your head and
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so some techniques focus on stopping
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that sub vocalization there are other techniques such as grouping words together
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so instead of reading one word at a time you're actually reading two
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or three or four or five words in one go
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and you can use these strategies
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and train yourself to read at over a thousand words per minute
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which is about seven or eight times faster than the average university student.
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And I actually did that.
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When I was 17, I spent summer holidays just training my reading speed.
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And my comprehension was like 80 to 90%.
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Unfortunately, it was only 80 to 90 % at this first literal level,
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which is actually the least valuable and least transferable level.
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Because if you're doing any type of learning or studying or advanced reading, literal understanding alone is just not going to get you very far.
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And so So personally, I think there's only one strategy in common speed reading techniques
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that actually is valuable at increasing your reading speed for this level
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while also being something that helps you at every level beyond it.
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And that strategy is something called smart skimming.
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Smart skimming is where you take a piece of text and instead of just reading it linearly first,
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you're going to scan through it to look for the headings, subheadings, bolded words, anything that sticks out at you that it might be more important.
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And by skimming through, you're going to get a general understanding about what this is talking about.
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Now, I call it smart skimming because you should control when to go faster and skim and when to slow down.
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For example, if you see a heading that you think is really important, then slow down to read it and then read the paragraph underneath it
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and then skim through until you see the next thing that could be important and then slow down to read that.
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You can also apply this for a single sentence where there might be half of a sentence
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which is kind of just filler words but there are only a few keywords
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and if you just know those keywords you can get a sense for what it's talking about.
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And so by doing this you don't sacrifice your comprehension really at all
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but you can increase your words per minute by maybe 30 to 50 percent straight off the bat.
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As I said this is a great strategy not only to just get literal comprehension
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but an overall great reading strategy that you can use for any level of comprehension.
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Now, for most of you, you're already going to be beyond level one and you're going to be on at least level two.
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Level two is implied.
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Implied comprehension is about being able to not only understand it literally, but then read between the lines.
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You're able to read a passage and say, it literally said this, but I think it was also suggesting this and this and this.
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You can form additional conclusions beyond what was just explicitly explained to you.
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This is also the level at which you usually feel that you've properly understood the thing that you've read.
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But this also introduces a danger because just because you've understood something
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that you've read at the time when you've read it doesn't mean
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that you're going to be able to remember that later or
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that you're going to be able to use that information in whatever way you need to use it.
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Two weeks later when you're trying to explain it to someone else you only remember
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that at the time you understood it but the actual facts and concepts themselves slightly escape you.
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A lot of people will just chalk this up to having a bad memory,
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but actually this is just a side effect of stopping at level two comprehension.
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At this level, you tend to be able to understand what you're reading.
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However, you don't necessarily have a great memory or a great depth of mastery,
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which means that you can't necessarily apply this information for complex problem solving or decision -making.
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Now, the thing that allows you to achieve level two comprehension is actually just language fluency.
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And so this is not a difficult level to achieve, especially if you're a native speaker.
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Having said that, if you're not a native speaker of the language or you're tackling a level of reading with very,
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very technical words, written in a very complicated way that you're not used to,
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then the fastest strategy to unlock this level more consistently is going to be immersion.
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Immersion just refers to exposing yourself to this language at the level that you need by reading more widely and more often.
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Building fluency in a language is a very complicated field with its own entire field of research, which I can't get into in this video.
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But what continually stands out is this concept of immersion.
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The more you expose yourself at that level and attempt to read and write at that level, the faster your fluency is going to grow.
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Now, for most people, they get stuck at level one and level two.
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But level three is actually the point at
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which you can really start becoming faster than everyone else that's because at level three there is a bottleneck flip
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bottleneck flip see as you progress from level one through to
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level two as your words per minute increases your overall ability to read
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and understand and cover material in a meaningful way also increases
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if you go from 50 words per minute to 150 words per minute you are tripling your ability to cover content,
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which means you're going to read this three times faster.
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At level one and level two, your primary bottleneck is words per minute.
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But starting from level three, it's not enough just to have a literal or temporarily understood comprehension of what you've read.
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And almost all of the reading that you're going to do in higher education
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and professional life requires a minimum level three of comprehension.
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And so from level three, the bottleneck flips from being words per minute to your comprehension speed.
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And I found that this is actually at around 150 to 200 words per minute, which is not that fast.
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At that point, it doesn't matter if you double
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or triple your words per minute because your bottleneck is how much of that you are able to comprehend and how deeply.
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Now, if this concept of the bottleneck flipping is new to you, then it tells me one thing, a very important thing.
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It tells me that you haven't joined my newsletter
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because one of the first emails that you get in my newsletter series is about reading speed.
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And I talk about this very concept in that email.
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And so if you have found this video useful so far
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and you want to get more of these insights delivered to your inbox every single week, only taking a few minutes to read,
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then you might be interested in joining my free weekly newsletter.
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And a lot of the concepts I talk about on YouTube are in my newsletter as well as some
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that I don't even talk about in my videos.
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So if you're interested in joining that, again, it's totally free.
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I'll leave a link to that in the description below.
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Now, on to level three.
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Level three is called the critical level of comprehension.
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And the key difference between just understanding something and critically understanding something is that at level three,
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we're now making judgments about the value of what we are reading and what we've understood.
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And it seems like a small difference, but mastering level three is the key to being a faster reader than everyone around you
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because most people do not engage in this crucial step.
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When you're reading for level three comprehension, you realize that it doesn't matter how many pages of the book you'll flick through.
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What matters is how much of this knowledge sticks into your brain at the end of that reading session.
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What matters is that when someone asks you a question, you know how to answer it.
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You can teach this knowledge.
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You can use it for your daily work or your study.
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And so to achieve this, you actually start doing things that slow down your words per minute
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that thing about sub vocalization
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I talked about before where you mouth out the words as you say it well it turns out
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that sub vocalizing is actually a strategy that can increase your comprehension and
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so sometimes we can choose to sub vocalize deliberately
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we completely pause from reading just to think about what we've consumed
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and during those thinking breaks we make these value judgments
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and instead of just taking the information at face value
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we are now in the driver's seat generating our own knowledge simply using the reading as a data point.
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The book is simply a source of information
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that sparks our brain to think about the topic and form our own meaning and form our own conclusions.
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And so the fastest strategy to achieve a level three comprehension is question and critique.
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Question and critique is an incredibly simple strategy but also incredibly powerful.
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It simply means that when you read something, after each concept, pause and ask yourself a series of questions about what you've just read.
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The types of questions
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that I find really useful for hitting level 3 quickly are
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questions like why was this important enough for the author to explain it?
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Why do I need to care about this?
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Or how is this similar or different to something else that I've read?
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How does it compare to what I already know about this?
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Depending on what I'm reading I might also have some questions that I'm generally curious about.
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It may not necessarily be in the scope of what you are learning
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but it's worthwhile to chase these strands of curiosity
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because that's your brain trying to make meaningful connections
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and the result of making those meaningful connections is
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that you're going to be able to use
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that information in a more nuanced way and it's going to stick into your memory much longer.
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Now unfortunately the reason that most people don't hit level 3 is
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because it takes more time which seems counterintuitive
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that you would actually slow down your reading speed in order to read faster than everyone else
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but the thing is that
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if you don't engage in these strategies then you can be reading using a level 1
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or a level 2 strategy again and again and again
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and you might be reading at a 500 words per minute a thousand words per minute
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but you will have to read the same thing six seven eight times
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you have to spend hours thinking about it and studying it
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and revising it and repeating it just to make it stick into your memory
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and even then your understanding still won't be very deep.
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The way I like to think about it is like solving a jigsaw puzzle.
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It doesn't matter if you are blazingly fast at picking pieces out of the box
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and then putting them down and connecting them together.
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Most of the value is going to come from looking at each piece and thinking about where to put it.
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So if the level of comprehension you're looking for is level 3 or above,
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any time that is spent on just going through words without thinking about what to do with
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that information is actually a waste of time.
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Now this is even more important if the level you're trying to reach is level 4.
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Level 4 is what I call adaptive level of comprehension.
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At this level we are using the information from what we read
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and then applying and adapting it to our own unique often complicated contexts.
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This is the level that you need to reach
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if you want to use the information you've gained to solve really complicated problems and to make really complicated decisions.
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When you're designing high -stakes plans and strategies you have to take the information,
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see what's useful, make that your own and then adapt that with your own expertise to whatever need you have.
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You can imagine at this point how fast you can read through pages is almost completely inconsequential
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which ironically makes you faster than everyone else
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because even by reading a little you're able to achieve a outcome
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and a quality that most people can't achieve no matter how long they spend on it
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so the fastest strategy to achieve level four is abstract, apply, and attack.
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So abstracting something means that you're taking something and then you're generalizing and extracting the essential features of it.
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So if you're a scientist looking at a bunch of data,
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you may abstract the key trends and key observations in order to formulate a new theory.
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It's the ability to take in information,
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see which parts of the information are essential and turn those essential pieces into valuable principles that you can repurpose.
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So once you've abstracted this leads to the second part which is to apply.
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Apply means you take those abstracted concepts and you try to use them in your own personal situations.
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So if there's a project you're working on
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and you're learning about a bunch of things in order to solve a problem in
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that project you're abstracting principles and you're going to try to apply them to your problem
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and apply is not a one
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and done there are many ways you might be able to apply the information
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and especially if you're reading a ton of information there are lots of different pieces of
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that that can be combined in different ways and applied in different ways and this process of deliberately trying to abstract combine,
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compare it together, apply it and see how it works or doesn't work, actually builds expertise and knowledge in your brain.
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Even if you don't come to a solution at the end of that, that knowledge becomes ingrained in your memory very deeply.
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You don't have to go back to your notes, you don't have to read through it again, that knowledge is now yours.
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But if you really want to lock in at level 4, you have to follow up with the attack.
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Attack means that once you've applied it in multiple different ways, and once you've formulated an understanding about what you have read,
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you're actually going to deliberately look for counter -arguments and assumptions.
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This is where using a tool like ChatGPT can be great.
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You can summarize your understanding into ChatGPT, and you can say, what are some of the angles I might be missing?
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What are some perspectives that I might be missing?
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And often, this can lead you down a rabbit hole of further reading.
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And this, again, helps to build a more holistic, balanced, accurate understanding of the topic.
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Now, does it take more time to read those things?
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Yes.
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But remember, we are now operating in such a way where we're building comprehension and extracting learning from what we read
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incomparably faster than someone that is using a level one or level two strategy.
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After a few hours of reading at level three and level four, when you talk about what you have learned,
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it comes across as if you have known this information for months or years.
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You communicate it like an expert it.
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You can immediately use it to solve problems.
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And if you can do that after just a few hours of reading, then I guarantee you're going to be faster than everyone around you.
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So those were the four levels of comprehension and the fastest reading strategies to help you achieve each of these levels.
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If you want to learn a little bit more about how you can extend this in the rest of your learning,
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then you might want to check out this video here.
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Thanks so much for watching and I'll see you in the next one.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Read Anything Faster Than Everyone Else ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : reading, comprehension, word, faster, strategy. Cette vidéo contient 217 phrases et 3064 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 16:16. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 188 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 88 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| comprehension nom | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ | compréhension, entendement |
| abstract nom | /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ | résumé |
| literal adjectif | /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ | littéral |
| complicated adjectif | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | compliqué, alambiqué |
| solve verbe | /sɒlv/ | résoudre, régler |
| technique nom | /tɛkˈniːk/ | technique |
| flip verbe | /flɪp/ | retourner |
| newsletter nom | /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/ | bulletin, lettre d'information |
| necessarily adverbe | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | absolument, nécessairement |
| meaningful adjectif | /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/ | significatif, qui a du sens |
| deliberately adverbe | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/ | exprès |
| comprehend verbe | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ | comprendre |
| topic nom | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | sujet, thème |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| deeply adverbe | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | profondément |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| slow down verbe | ralentir, décélérer |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| come across verbe | avoir l'air de |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- It's not how fast can you read and did you comprehend it?
- Why do I need to care about this?
- How does it compare to what I already know about this?
- What are some perspectives that I might be missing?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | you've read · you've understood · haven't joined |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is implied · is called · is spent |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | minute, which is · part which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 82 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, you've, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, heading /ˈhɛdɪŋ/, holistic /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/, chase /t͡ʃeɪs/, furniture /ˈfɝ.nɪ.t͡ʃɚ/, passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme comprehension, abstract, literal.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.