シャドーイング練習: How to think like a lawyer | Zero-L from Harvard Law School - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Well, you've decided to take this course,
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so maybe you're more informed than the average person.
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So instead, imagine I asked your college roommate or your parents,
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assuming they're not lawyers.
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The image that may come to mind of law school is sun-deprived,
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bespeckled law students, surrounded by large numbers of dusty books,
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reading intently so they can memorize a bunch of law cases.
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But don't get me wrong,
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we do make students read a lot from books,
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and there's some memorization involved.
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But that image of someone learning the law by just memorizing things
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that are already out there is not at all what law school is really about.
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If it were, law school would be much less fun and also much less useful.
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The law is always changing,
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so if you just learned a number of dry rules,
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much of what you learned might be outdated by your fifth year in practice.
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The chief value of legal education is not to know stuff,
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but to know what stuff to look for,
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where to find it, how to interpret what you find,
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what to think when some stuff says one thing and other stuff says another,
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and how to use what you find to give legal advice.
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Let me put this very tangibly for you.
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If you call up a lawyer on anything other than a very simple question,
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and without pausing she quickly gives you a straightforward answer,
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you should fire her.
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She's not doing a very good job for you.
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She's just not thinking like a lawyer.
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That's a phrase that you'll hear a lot in law school,
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and while we might overuse it a bit,
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it does capture something important.
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Law is mostly about questions,
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choices, and analysis, about thinking,
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and not so much about simple answers.
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That is the main thing we try to teach you in law school.
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Yes, we want to teach you a good amount of content about the law.
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To use an example from a course I teach,
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Civil Procedure,
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we want you to know what claims without subject matter jurisdiction
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can get jurisdiction by way of being joined to other claims through 28 U.S.C.
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1367. If that sounds a bit intimidating at first, that's very normal.
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It is.
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But by the end of 1L fall,
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that knowledge will be at the tip of your brain,
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or at least somewhere in there.
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But while this kind of content is important and useful,
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the main thing we're trying to teach you is a set of approaches,
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techniques, a disposition to dealing with real problems
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that will enable you to go out in the world and deal with any legal problem.
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Some of these may be problems related to courses you never took.
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Indeed, some may relate to legal issues that never existed when you went to law school.
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A lot of my work is on cutting-edge technologies,
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so I encountered these all the time.
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Topics like in vitro fertilization and posthumous conception.
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So a key goal of law school is to make you into a legal Swiss Army knife,
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to have the tool for any problem you encounter,
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or at the very least to know where to find that tool.
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To be clear, that doesn't mean you're to become a hired gun.
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Instead, you're called upon and valued for your ability to exercise independent judgment on questions of law and on policy.
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Some of you will want to become trial lawyers.
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Others will want to go into public service.
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Others will want to become deal lawyers or go into business through law.
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Others still want to work for advocacy organizations.
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Many of you will disagree about many legal questions,
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but law school will help you learn to disagree
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and to argue in ways that are more likely to convince others that you are right.
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Regardless, we want to enable you to give sound legal advice to your client,
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or perhaps if you're engaging in cause lawyering,
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to figure out a legal strategy and find a client who might bring that case.
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As we will develop in a later segment,
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while there are many legal skills to learn,
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from From oral advocacy to negotiation,
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from contract drafting to organizational design,
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there are five primary skills that every lawyer will need to bring to the table.
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First, digest the facts.
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Second, spot the relevant issue or issues.
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Third, determine the governing law.
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Fourth, apply the governing law to the facts to generate arguments and probabilistic assessments.
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And finally, work with the client to understand how the legal analysis fits in with the client's overall interests and goals.
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And this whole course is aimed at getting you started on mastering these skills.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、法学的思考について学びます。法学の教育は単に法令を暗記することではなく、情報を探し出し、それを解釈し、異なる見解を考慮しながら問題を分析することに重点を置いています。このプロセスを通じて、英語の発音を良くするために重要なリスニングとスピーキングのスキルを強化し、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 法学 - 法律を学ぶ学問
- 暗記 - 情報を記憶すること
- 法律家のように考える - 複雑な問題を分析する思考
- 選択肢 - 複数の選択から選ぶこと
- 法的アドバイス - 法律に基づいた助言
- 実務 - 現実の問題に対処すること
練習のコツ
この動画を用いてシャドーイングを行う際には、スピードとトーンに注意してください。具体的には、次のようなポイントを心掛けましょう：
- スピードに合わせる：動画のスピードに合わせて、特に早口の部分では自分の発音も同じように早くすることを意識しましょう。
- トーンを意識する：話し手の感情表現やトーンを真似することで、より自然な英語スピーキング練習ができます。
- 特定のフレーズで練習：動画内の重要なフレーズを何度も繰り返すことで、知識を強化しつつ、発音を改善します。
- シャドースピーチの活用：シャドースピーチを取り入れることで、自然なリズムと流暢さを持った英会話能力を向上させます。
このレッスンを通じて、英語のスキル向上を目指し、法律的思考を身につけることができるでしょう。ぜひ、続けて練習を重ねてください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。