Prática de Shadowing: How to think like a lawyer | Zero-L from Harvard Law School - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Well, you've decided to take this course,
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so maybe you're more informed than the average person.
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So instead, imagine I asked your college roommate or your parents,
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assuming they're not lawyers.
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The image that may come to mind of law school is sun-deprived,
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bespeckled law students, surrounded by large numbers of dusty books,
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reading intently so they can memorize a bunch of law cases.
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But don't get me wrong,
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we do make students read a lot from books,
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and there's some memorization involved.
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But that image of someone learning the law by just memorizing things
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that are already out there is not at all what law school is really about.
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If it were, law school would be much less fun and also much less useful.
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The law is always changing,
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so if you just learned a number of dry rules,
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much of what you learned might be outdated by your fifth year in practice.
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The chief value of legal education is not to know stuff,
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but to know what stuff to look for,
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where to find it, how to interpret what you find,
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what to think when some stuff says one thing and other stuff says another,
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and how to use what you find to give legal advice.
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Let me put this very tangibly for you.
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If you call up a lawyer on anything other than a very simple question,
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and without pausing she quickly gives you a straightforward answer,
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you should fire her.
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She's not doing a very good job for you.
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She's just not thinking like a lawyer.
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That's a phrase that you'll hear a lot in law school,
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and while we might overuse it a bit,
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it does capture something important.
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Law is mostly about questions,
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choices, and analysis, about thinking,
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and not so much about simple answers.
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That is the main thing we try to teach you in law school.
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Yes, we want to teach you a good amount of content about the law.
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To use an example from a course I teach,
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Civil Procedure,
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we want you to know what claims without subject matter jurisdiction
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can get jurisdiction by way of being joined to other claims through 28 U.S.C.
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1367. If that sounds a bit intimidating at first, that's very normal.
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It is.
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But by the end of 1L fall,
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that knowledge will be at the tip of your brain,
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or at least somewhere in there.
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But while this kind of content is important and useful,
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the main thing we're trying to teach you is a set of approaches,
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techniques, a disposition to dealing with real problems
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that will enable you to go out in the world and deal with any legal problem.
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Some of these may be problems related to courses you never took.
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Indeed, some may relate to legal issues that never existed when you went to law school.
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A lot of my work is on cutting-edge technologies,
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so I encountered these all the time.
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Topics like in vitro fertilization and posthumous conception.
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So a key goal of law school is to make you into a legal Swiss Army knife,
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to have the tool for any problem you encounter,
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or at the very least to know where to find that tool.
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To be clear, that doesn't mean you're to become a hired gun.
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Instead, you're called upon and valued for your ability to exercise independent judgment on questions of law and on policy.
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Some of you will want to become trial lawyers.
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Others will want to go into public service.
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Others will want to become deal lawyers or go into business through law.
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Others still want to work for advocacy organizations.
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Many of you will disagree about many legal questions,
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but law school will help you learn to disagree
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and to argue in ways that are more likely to convince others that you are right.
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Regardless, we want to enable you to give sound legal advice to your client,
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or perhaps if you're engaging in cause lawyering,
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to figure out a legal strategy and find a client who might bring that case.
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As we will develop in a later segment,
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while there are many legal skills to learn,
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from From oral advocacy to negotiation,
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from contract drafting to organizational design,
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there are five primary skills that every lawyer will need to bring to the table.
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First, digest the facts.
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Second, spot the relevant issue or issues.
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Third, determine the governing law.
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Fourth, apply the governing law to the facts to generate arguments and probabilistic assessments.
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And finally, work with the client to understand how the legal analysis fits in with the client's overall interests and goals.
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And this whole course is aimed at getting you started on mastering these skills.

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Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?

Assistir e falar sobre vídeos educacionais, como "How to think like a lawyer", é uma excelente maneira de aprimorar sua prática de conversação em inglês. Este vídeo não apenas oferece uma visão única sobre a formação legal, mas também instiga a reflexão crítica e o pensamento analítico, habilidades que são essenciais em qualquer conversação. Ao discutir temas complexos, você se expõe a um vocabulário mais rico e a estruturas gramaticais variadas, o que melhora não apenas sua fluência, mas também sua confiança ao se expressar em inglês.

Gramática e Expressões em Contexto

Durante o vídeo, o apresentador usa diversas estruturas gramaticais que são fundamentais para quem deseja aprender inglês com youtube. Aqui estão alguns exemplos chave:

  • Uso de perguntas retóricas: "Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?" - Essa estrutura não só envolve o ouvinte, mas também ajuda a moldar o raciocínio crítico.
  • Expressões de incerteza: "If it were, law school would be much less fun..." - Esse uso do condicional é excelente para expressar possibilidades e hipóteses, uma habilidade importante nas conversas.
  • Frases subordinadas: "If you just learned a number of dry rules..." - Elas ajudam a conectar ideias e a estruturar pensamentos complexos, características desejáveis em uma boa comunicação.

Essas estruturas são ideais para praticar shadow speech, praticando não apenas a pronúncia, mas também a estruturação de suas próprias ideias.

Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia

Este vídeo apresenta algumas palavras e expressões que podem ser desafiadoras para falantes de inglês não nativos. Aqui estão algumas armadilhas comuns:

  • Jurisdiction: A pronúncia correta pode ser difícil. Preste atenção no som "juris-" e na ênfase na segunda sílaba.
  • Claims: A vogal "ai" pode ser confusa, especialmente em palavras como "claims" versus "clames". Ouça e repita para treinar sua audição.
  • Intently: A palavra tem uma ênfase interessante, com o som “-ent” sendo um desafio. Pratique a articulação para melhorar sua pronúncia.

Esses detalhes são cruciais para evitar erros comuns e aperfeiçoar sua habilidade oral. Praticar o "shadowing", ou a técnica de repetição simultânea, pode ser extremamente útil neste contexto, então não hesite em usar recursos como shadowspeaks para melhorar sua pronúncia e entonação.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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