跟读练习: How to think like a lawyer | Zero-L from Harvard Law School - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Imagine I asked you, what do you learn in law school?
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Well, you've decided to take this course,
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so maybe you're more informed than the average person.
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So instead, imagine I asked your college roommate or your parents,
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assuming they're not lawyers.
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The image that may come to mind of law school is sun-deprived,
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bespeckled law students, surrounded by large numbers of dusty books,
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reading intently so they can memorize a bunch of law cases.
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But don't get me wrong,
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we do make students read a lot from books,
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and there's some memorization involved.
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But that image of someone learning the law by just memorizing things
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that are already out there is not at all what law school is really about.
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If it were, law school would be much less fun and also much less useful.
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The law is always changing,
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so if you just learned a number of dry rules,
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much of what you learned might be outdated by your fifth year in practice.
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The chief value of legal education is not to know stuff,
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but to know what stuff to look for,
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where to find it, how to interpret what you find,
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what to think when some stuff says one thing and other stuff says another,
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and how to use what you find to give legal advice.
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Let me put this very tangibly for you.
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If you call up a lawyer on anything other than a very simple question,
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and without pausing she quickly gives you a straightforward answer,
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you should fire her.
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She's not doing a very good job for you.
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She's just not thinking like a lawyer.
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That's a phrase that you'll hear a lot in law school,
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and while we might overuse it a bit,
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it does capture something important.
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Law is mostly about questions,
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choices, and analysis, about thinking,
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and not so much about simple answers.
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That is the main thing we try to teach you in law school.
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Yes, we want to teach you a good amount of content about the law.
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To use an example from a course I teach,
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Civil Procedure,
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we want you to know what claims without subject matter jurisdiction
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can get jurisdiction by way of being joined to other claims through 28 U.S.C.
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1367. If that sounds a bit intimidating at first, that's very normal.
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It is.
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But by the end of 1L fall,
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that knowledge will be at the tip of your brain,
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or at least somewhere in there.
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But while this kind of content is important and useful,
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the main thing we're trying to teach you is a set of approaches,
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techniques, a disposition to dealing with real problems
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that will enable you to go out in the world and deal with any legal problem.
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Some of these may be problems related to courses you never took.
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Indeed, some may relate to legal issues that never existed when you went to law school.
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A lot of my work is on cutting-edge technologies,
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so I encountered these all the time.
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Topics like in vitro fertilization and posthumous conception.
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So a key goal of law school is to make you into a legal Swiss Army knife,
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to have the tool for any problem you encounter,
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or at the very least to know where to find that tool.
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To be clear, that doesn't mean you're to become a hired gun.
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Instead, you're called upon and valued for your ability to exercise independent judgment on questions of law and on policy.
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Some of you will want to become trial lawyers.
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Others will want to go into public service.
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Others will want to become deal lawyers or go into business through law.
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Others still want to work for advocacy organizations.
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Many of you will disagree about many legal questions,
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but law school will help you learn to disagree
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and to argue in ways that are more likely to convince others that you are right.
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Regardless, we want to enable you to give sound legal advice to your client,
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or perhaps if you're engaging in cause lawyering,
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to figure out a legal strategy and find a client who might bring that case.
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As we will develop in a later segment,
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while there are many legal skills to learn,
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from From oral advocacy to negotiation,
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from contract drafting to organizational design,
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there are five primary skills that every lawyer will need to bring to the table.
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First, digest the facts.
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Second, spot the relevant issue or issues.
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Third, determine the governing law.
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Fourth, apply the governing law to the facts to generate arguments and probabilistic assessments.
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And finally, work with the client to understand how the legal analysis fits in with the client's overall interests and goals.
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And this whole course is aimed at getting you started on mastering these skills.
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背景与语境
在哈佛法学院的课堂上，教授们不仅教授法律知识，更重要的是教导学生如何思考并分析法律问题。许多人对法学院的印象是整天沉浸在教科书中的学生，只是简单的记忆法律条款。然而，法学教育的真正价值在于让学生了解如何寻找信息、分析资料以及如何在面对不同法律观点时做出明智的选择。在学习法律的过程中，学生不仅要记忆内容，更要发展一种解决实际问题的能力，这样才能在将来的法律职业生涯中取得成功。
日常交流的五个重要短语
- “思考如律师” - 这是法学院中的重要概念，提醒我们在面对问题时必须深入思考。
- “法律是关于问题和选择的” - 强调法律不仅仅是条文，而是分析和判断的过程。
- “不止是简单的答案” - 法律问题往往复杂，需要多方考虑与论证。
- “寻找信息的方法” - 在面对法律问题时，如何高效地搜寻相关信息是至关重要的。
- “运用知识提供法律建议” - 理解法律内容只是第一步，如何将其运用于实际中则是律师的职责。
逐步影子跟读指南
为了提高英语发音和理解力，你可以采用以下逐步影子跟读指南，特别对那些在法学领域或法律专业感兴趣的学习者尤为适用：
- 选择视频：寻找一段关于法律思维的英语视频，例如这部来自哈佛法学院的课程片段，适合用来做英语影子跟读。
- 初步聆听：反复观看视频，专注于理解内容及其语境，同时注意讲话者的语音与语调。
- 逐句跟读：暂停视频，尝试跟随讲者的发言进行朗读，尽量模仿他们的发音和语调，这样可以有效提高你的发音。
- 采用影子技术：借助“shadow speech”技巧，重复视频中的内容，努力与原声同步，逐渐提高你的流利度。
- 复习与反馈：录下自己的朗读，与原视频进行比较，反复练习并改进发音和语调。
这套方法不仅有助于提高英语发音，还能让你在日常交流中更加自信，尤其是当你在看YouTube学英语时，能够结合实际语境练习。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。