シャドーイング練習: IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business,
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we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an oversimple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts removed from the reality of day-to-day business.
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Pursue values by all means,
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but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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they can actually cause damage which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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Okay, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to team working so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency,
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a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched,
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one director wanted to target the business market and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved
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so gave the product a consumer-friendly name
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but marketed it to companies the result was
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that it met the needs of neither group it would have been better to let one director
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or the other have his way not both Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course, hard work is valuable,
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but only when properly targeted.
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Otherwise, it wastes the resources that companies value most,
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time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard-working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.
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Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem,
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the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well, creating an attention-grabbing TV commercial,
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for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts,
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but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea,
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and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative and make smaller profits.
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Creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified.
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Just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing.
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And finally, excellence.
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We all know companies that claim they strive for excellence,
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But it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers,
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that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that,
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only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming,
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wastes energy and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second-rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business,
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but the just-get-started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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コンテキストと背景
この動画は、ビジネス学生向けの講義の一部であり、ビジネス価値についての重要なトピックを取り上げています。講師は、協力、勤勉、創造性、卓越性の4つの価値について議論し、これらの価値が理論的な概念であることを強調します。しかし、実際の日常業務からは離れていることが多く、間違った形でこれらの価値を追求すると、逆効果を招く可能性があることを警告します。この内容は、企業のリーダーシップやチームワークのあり方について考えさせられるものであり、ビジネスの現実に直面する際の注意点を示しています。
日常会話のためのトップ5フレーズ
- コラボレーション：「協力は重要ですが、必ずしも必要ではありません。」
- 勤勉：「努力は大切ですが、的を絞ることが重要です。」
- 創造性：「創造的な解決策を見つけることが肝要です。」
- 卓越性：「完璧を追求することが成功につながります。」
- バランス：「協力と個人の能力のバランスを取ることが必要です。」
ステップバイステップシャドウイングガイド
ビデオの内容を効果的に学ぶには、「シャドースピーク（shadow speak）」を活用することが有効です。この手法は、音声を聴きながら同時に声に出して繰り返す練習です。以下の手順で進めてみましょう。
- 最初に視聴：全体を通して講義を視聴し、内容を理解します。
- セクションの分割：トランスクリプトをセクションに分け、各セクションごとにシャドウスピークを行います。
- フレーズの反復：上記のトップ5フレーズを重点的に練習し、発音を確認します。
- リズムに集中：ビデオの速度に注意し、自分の声がそれに合うように調整します。
- 反復練習：最終的には、全体を通して何度もシャドウイングし、流暢さを向上させます。
この方法は、リスニング力とスピーキング力を同時に向上させるのに役立ちます。特に、ビジネスに関する内容を扱う場合、リアルな会話を模倣できる「シャドーイングサイト（shadowing site）」を活用することも効果的です。たくさんの練習を通じて、自信を持って意見を述べられるようになるでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。