Prática de Shadowing: IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In public discussion of business,
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we take certain values for granted.
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Today I'm going to talk about four of them.
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collaboration, hard work, creativity and excellence.
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Most people would say they're all good things.
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I'm going to suggest that's an oversimple view.
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The trouble with these values is that they're theoretical concepts removed from the reality of day-to-day business.
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Pursue values by all means,
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but be prepared for what may happen as a result.
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they can actually cause damage which is not at all the intention.
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Business leaders generally try to do the right thing,
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but all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.
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The values can easily get in the way of what's actually intended.
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Okay, so the first value I'm going to discuss is collaboration.
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Let me give you an example.
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On a management training course I once attended,
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we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream using building blocks that we were given.
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The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.
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This was intended to encourage teamwork.
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But it was really a job best done by one person.
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The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure and descended into confusion with everyone getting in each other's way.
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Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.
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She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimetres to comply with the rule
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and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.
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We finished before any other team.
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My point is that the task wasn't really suited to team working so why make it one?
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Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency,
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a common cause of poor sales.
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In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched,
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one director wanted to target the business market and another demanded it was aimed at consumers.
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The company wanted both directors to be involved
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so gave the product a consumer-friendly name
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but marketed it to companies the result was
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that it met the needs of neither group it would have been better to let one director
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or the other have his way not both Now, industriousness or hard work.
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It's easy to mock people who say they work hard.
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After all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.
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Of course, hard work is valuable,
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but only when properly targeted.
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Otherwise, it wastes the resources that companies value most,
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time and energy, and that's bad for the organisation.
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There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria.
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Clever, hard-working, stupid and lazy.
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Here, lazy means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
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It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.
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Most people display two of these characteristics and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy.
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They possess intellectual clarity and they don't rush into making decisions.
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They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.
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Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem,
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the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
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Next, we come to creativity.
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This often works well, creating an attention-grabbing TV commercial,
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for example, might lead to increased sales.
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But it isn't always a good thing.
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Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity without having any effect on sales.
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This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar.
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Subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the adverts,
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but had no idea what was being advertised.
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The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea,
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and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
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A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,
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but it may be too creative and make smaller profits.
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Creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified.
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Just coming up with more and more novel products isn't necessarily a good thing.
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And finally, excellence.
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We all know companies that claim they strive for excellence,
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But it takes a long time to achieve excellence.
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In business, being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.
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A major study of company performance compared pioneers,
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that is, companies bringing out the first version of a particular product,
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with followers, the companies that copied and improved on that product.
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The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29%,
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while the followers achieved less than half that,
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only 13%, even though their product might have been better.
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Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming,
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wastes energy and leads to losing out on opportunities.
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Sometimes second-rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.
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Make sure it's excellent sounds like a good approach to business,
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but the just-get-started approach is likely to be more successful.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Contexto & Antecedentes
No vídeo "IELTS Listening Section-4 (Quatro Valores Empresariais)", o palestrante compartilha conceitos fundamentais sobre valores sociais e empresariais que impactam o cotidiano do ambiente de negócios. A discussão aborda quatro valores principais: colaboração, trabalho árduo, criatividade e excelência. O orador destaca que, apesar de serem considerados positivos, esses valores podem apresentar desafios se não forem geridos adequadamente, revelando a complexidade da dinâmica empresarial.
Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária
- "Colaboração é importante, mas deve ser gerida com cautela."
- "Trabalhar duro é valioso, mas apenas se for direcionado corretamente."
- "Os valores podem causar danos se não forem compreendidos."
- "A equipe pode confundir-se ao tentar colaborar demais."
- "A melhor solução pode ser deixar um líder tomar a decisão final."
Guia Passo a Passo para Shadowing
Para aproveitar ao máximo o vídeo e melhorar sua pronúncia em inglês, aqui está um guia de shadowspeak prático:
- Assista o vídeo uma vez sem interromper. Concentre-se no conteúdo e na forma como o palestrante expressa suas ideias.
- Revise as frases-chave listadas acima. Preste atenção à entonação e ao ritmo enquanto as repete em voz alta.
- Divida o vídeo em partes curtas. Comece com segmentos de 30 segundos, focando na pronúncia e na articulação.
- Repita cada segmento. Use a técnica de shadowing: ouça e repita imediatamente após o palestrante, tentando imitar o seu tom e ritmo.
- Grave sua própria voz. Compare sua pronúncia com a do palestrante. Você pode usar plataformas de prática de conversação em inglês para ouvir seu progresso.
Com essas etapas, você não apenas aprimorará sua capacidade de melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, mas também ganhará confiança na comunicação. Lembre-se de que a prática constante é a chave para a fluência, então utilize recursos como shadowing site para expandir seus conhecimentos linguísticos e continue praticando!
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were put · was intended · wasn't really suited |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | damage which is · people who say · those who are |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.