シャドーイング練習: Links | HTML | Tutorial 8 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hey, welcome to Draft Academy.

My name is Mike.

In this tutorial, I want to talk to you about using links in HTML.

A link is one of the most popular HTML elements

and it's used to link your website to other websites on the internet.

So I could create a link that would bring my users to like google .com or facebook .com.

Or I could link to other pages on my website.

So if I wanted to build like a navigational list,

I could have links to the other pages of my website that users could click and then they go to those pages.

You can also link to files, things like images or PDFs.

And you can create those links.

And then users can look at those images or PDFs.

So I'm going to show you how to create a link,

we need to use a special HTML tag called a and after a we need to pass this tag some information,

we need to give it something called an href.

And the href is basically just where we want to link to.

So the easiest way to create a link would be to create like an external link.

So linking to a page that's not on our website.

Imagine we wanted to create a link that would go to like google .com.

Inside of this href, I can just type the address to google .com.

So I can say HTTPS colon forward slash forward slash.

And you need to make sure that you include this like HTTP or HTTPS part.

A lot of times when you will give someone a link like you won't include this, it would just be like www .whatever.

But when you're creating an href, and you're creating a link, you need to be very specific about where you want to go.

So you're going to need to include this part.

And then I can just type www .google .com.

So what we've effectively done is told this link attribute that we want it to link to this address, which is Google.

And now I'll close this and I can actually close off this entire tag.

So we can just make this closing a tag.

And now inside of here, I can put any text for this link.

So we could say, for example, Google's homepage.

Now, I also just want to point out that inside of these link tags, you can put more than just text.

So you don't have to just put text, you could actually put other HTML elements.

So I could put like a header one in here, for example.

So why don't we do that, we'll make this a header one.

And now when I refresh my page, you'll see that we have this big old link over here.

It's this big header one.

And when we click on it, it will link us to google .com.

So I'm going to click this.

And you'll see that we get transported over to Google's homepage, right?

So we're over here on Google.

So that's how you can create a link.

And basically, you can just go to any website that you want, come up here to the URL bar,

copy the URL, including this like HTTP or HTTPS part, throw it into the href of your link, and you'll be able to link there.

There's one other thing that we can do, though, one thing I want you to notice is when I click this link,

it navigates me away from the website.

So I click this, and all of a sudden, we're on Google.

In certain cases, though, you're not going to want users to navigate away from your website when they click a link, right?

In certain cases, you might want this to open up, for example, in a new tab.

And the way that you can do that is by giving this a tag another attribute.

So we can say, we want to say, target is equal to and now inside of these quotation marks,

we want to say, underscore blank.

Okay, so when you pass in this underscore blank value to this target attribute,

this is going to basically tell the browser to open up this link in a new tab.

So now when we open up Google, it's going to open up here in a new tab, and we still have our website open.

So that's one thing that you can do to make this better.

And so again, inside of this link, I can put any HTML elements that I want.

So I could put like an h1, maybe we wanted to like make this homepage bold, we could put a bold tag in here.

And you can really like get creative and like style these different links different ways you want to.

So don't be afraid to put HTML elements inside of these a tags, because it's definitely something that you're going to want to do.

Another thing that we can do is we can link to other pages on our website.

So I'm going to get rid of the text for that link, I'm also going to get rid of this target blank.

And if you look over here in my file explorer, like my little file tree,

you can see that in addition to this index dot HTML file, which is the file that we're using right now,

I also have this page two dot html and this page three dot html.

And these are both just like other web pages that are on my website.

So any given website is going to have a number of web pages, you might have like an about page,

a contact me page, if it's a blog, you might have a bunch of like blog articles,

you get the point, a lot of times you're going to have more than one html file for your website.

And we can actually link between those files.

And you can use this link attribute to do that so in here in this href, instead of linking to Google using this like absolute address,

I can link to those pages on my website using a relative URL.

So if I wanted to access this page two, for example, let's say that I wanted to link to page two,

because the page that I'm currently on and page two are in the same directory, I can just type out page two's name.

So down here, I can just say like, page two dot html.

And the browser will automatically know that we want to go here to page two.

So over here, I can just type page two.

And now in the browser, you'll see that we have a link to page two.

So when I click this, it'll bring me over here to page two.

And you'll notice that inside of page two, I've already set up a link inside of here.

So here in page two, I have another link, which is just linking me back to index .html.

And this is a way that we can create navigation on our site.

So now I'm over here in page two, and I can navigate back to the homepage.

So I can navigate between these two pages on my website.

I can also create another link to page three.

So let's do that right here below this page two, we'll make another link, link, this time to page three.

And one thing you want to notice is that page three is inside of this directory.

So page three is inside of a folder called der one, if I want to link to page three,

I can't just say page three dot html.

Because the browser is not going to know where this page three is supposed to be,

we have to tell it exactly where it is relative to the current file that we're on.

So I can say dir one forward slash page three.

And what this is going to say is, we want to go to directory one,

and we want to link to a page inside of directory one called page three dot html.

So now we should have a link to page three.

And you can see that showed up right here, I can click this, and it'll bring us to page three.

So that's a way that you can link to different pages on your website, you can also create links to files on your website.

So in our case, we just have this little cat picture.

And this is just kind of like a cute cat.

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And we could actually link to this picture of the cat on our website.

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So I'm gonna go over here into my index file.

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And we can access this picture the same way that we've been accessing these HTML files.

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So I can just say, instead of dir one, the cat pictures pictures at the same directory.

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So I can just say cat, and it's a jpeg file.

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So dot jpg.

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And we can change this to cat.

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And now I should have a link to this cat picture.

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So I click this, it will bring me to this picture of the cat.

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And I can look at the cat.

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So that's kind of how you can link to external websites, other pages on your website, and files on your website.

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So in addition to a jpeg, I can also link to like a PDF or a Word document

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if i had it stored on my website it doesn't matter

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and that's sort of the basics of using links in html hey thanks for watching

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if you enjoyed the video please leave a like

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and subscribe to draft academy to be the first to know

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when we release new content also we're always looking to improve

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so if you have any constructive criticism or questions

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or anything leave a comment below finally if you're enjoying draft academy

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and you want to help us grow head over to draftacademy .com forward slash contribute and invest in our future.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：link, page, website, html, file。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が119文、単語が1693語あります。音声の長さは8:36です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約197語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
directory 名詞	/dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/	一覧, 名鑑
element 名詞	/ˈɛləmənt/	要素, エレメント
attribute 名詞	/ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/	性質
header 名詞	/ˈhɛdɚ/	ヘッダー
relative 名詞	/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/	親戚, 身内
bold 形容詞	/ˈbəʊld/	勇敢な, 大胆な
sudden 形容詞	/ˈsʌd.ən/	突然の
contribute 動詞	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	貢献する
invest 動詞	/ɪnˈvɛst/	投入する
navigation 名詞	/nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/	ナビゲーション, 航法
subscribe 動詞	/səbˈskɹaɪb/	購読する
explorer 名詞	/ɛkˈsplɔːɹə(ɹ)/	探検家
tutorial 名詞	/ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/	学習用, チュートリアル
constructive 形容詞	/kənˈstɹʌktɪv/	建設的な
folder 名詞	/ˈfoʊldɚ/	フォルダ

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
come up 動詞	上がる, 登る
point out 動詞	指す, 指し示す
show up 動詞	現れる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	address, which is · file, which is · link, which is
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	we've effectively done · I've already set
「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと	might want · might have
「should」による助言 should + 動詞 — したほうがよいことを伝える	should have

注意したい発音

話し手はI'm, you're, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を39回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, explorer /ɛkˈsplɔːɹə(ɹ)/, tutorial /ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: folder /ˈfoʊldɚ/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。directory, element, attributeなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Links | HTML | Tutorial 8 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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