쉐도잉 연습: 2019 Stanford Commencement address by Tim Cook - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Stanford University.
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Please join me in welcoming Tim Cook.
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Thank you, thank you.
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Good morning, class of 2019.
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Thank you, President Tessier -Levine, for that very generous introduction.
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I'll do my best to earn it.
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Before I begin, I want to recognize everyone whose hard work made this celebration possible,
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including the groundskeepers, ushers, volunteers, and crew.
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Thank you.
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I am deeply honored and frankly a little astonished to be invited to join you for this most meaningful of occasions.
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Graduates, this is your day, but you didn't get here alone.
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Family and friends, teachers, mentors, loved ones, and of course your parents all work together to make you possible
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and they share your joy today here on Father's Day let's give the dads in particular a round of applause
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Stanford is near to my heart not least because I live just a mile and a half from here.
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Of course, if my accent hasn't given it away, for the first part of my life, I had to admire this place from a distance.
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I went to school on the other side of the country at Auburn University in the heart of landlocked eastern Alabama.
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You may not know this, but I was on the sailing team all four years.
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It wasn't easy.
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Back then the closest marina was a three -hour drive.
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For practice most of the time we had to wait for a heavy rainstorm to flood the football field.
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And tying knots is hard. Who knew?
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Yet But somehow, against all odds, we managed to beat Stanford every time.
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We must have gotten lucky with a win.
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Kidding aside, I know the real reason I'm here, and I don't take it lightly.
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Stanford and Silicon Valley's roots are woven together.
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We're part of the same ecosystem.
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It was true when Steve stood on the stage 14 years ago.
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It's true today, and presumably it'll be true for a while longer still.
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The past few decades have lifted us together.
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But today, we gather at a moment that demands some reflection.
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Fueled by caffeine and code, optimism and idealism, conviction and creativity,
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generations of Stanford graduates and dropouts have used technology to remake our society.
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But I think you would agree that lately the results haven't been neat or straightforward forward.
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In just the four years that you've been here at the farm, things feel like they've taken a sharp turn.
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Crisis has tempered optimism.
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Consequences have challenged idealism.
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And reality has shaken blind faith.
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And yet we are still drawn here.
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For good reason.
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Big dreams live here, as do the genius and passion to make them real.
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In an age of cynicism, this place still believes that the human capacity to solve problems is boundless.
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But so it seems is our potential to create them.
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That's what I'm interested in talking about today today.
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Because if I've learned one thing, it's that technology doesn't change who we are, it magnifies who we are,
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the good and the bad.
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Our problems in technology, in politics, wherever, are human problems.
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From the Garden of Eden to today,
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it's our humanity that got us into this mess and it's our humanity that's going to have to get us out.
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First things first, here's a plain fact.
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Silicon Valley is responsible for some of the most revolutionary inventions in modern history.
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From the first oscillator built in the Hewlett Packard garage to the iPhones that I know you're holding in your hands.
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social media shareable videos snaps and stories
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that connect half the people on earth they all trace their roots to Stanford's backyard
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but lately it seems this industry is becoming better known for a less noble innovation the belief
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that you can claim credit without accepting responsibility.
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We see it every day now with every data breach,
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every privacy violation, every blind eye turned to hate speech, fake news poisoning our national conversation,
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the false miracles in exchange for a single drop of your blood it.
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Too many seem to think that good intentions excuse away harmful outcomes.
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But whether you like it or not, what you build and what you create define who you are.
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It feels a bit crazy that anyone should have to say this, but if you've built a chaos factory, you You can't dodge responsibility for the chaos.
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Taking responsibility means having the courage to think things through.
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And there are few areas where this is more important than privacy.
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If we accept as normal and unavoidable that everything in our lives can be aggregated,
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sold or even leaked in the event of a hack, then we lose so much more than data.
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We lose the freedom to be human.
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Think about what's at stake.
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Everything you write, everything you say, every topic of curiosity, every stray thought,
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every impulsive purchase, every moment of frustration or weakness, every gripe or complaint every secret shared in confidence.
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In a world without digital privacy, even if you have done nothing wrong other than think differently,
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you begin to censor yourself.
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Not entirely at first, just a little bit by bit.
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To risk less, to hope less, to imagine less, to dare less, to create less, to try less,
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to talk less, to think less.
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The chilling effect of digital surveillance is profound and it touches everything.
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What a small unimaginative world we would end up with.
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Not entirely at first, just a little, bit by bit.
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Ironically, it's the kind of environment that would have stopped Silicon Valley before it had ever gotten started.
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We deserve better.
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You deserve better.
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However, if we believe that freedom means an environment where great ideas can take root,
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where they can grow and be nurtured without fear of irrational restrictions or burdens, then it's our duty to change course.
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Because your generation ought to have the same freedom to shape the future as the generation that came before for.
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Graduates, at the very least, learn from these mistakes.
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If you want to take credit, first, learn to take responsibility.
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Now, a lot of you, the vast majority, won't find yourselves in tech at all.
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That's as it should be.
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We need your minds at work far and wide
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because our challenges are great and they can't be solved by any single industry.
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No matter where you go, no matter what you do, I know you will be ambitious.
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You wouldn't be here today if you weren't.
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Match that ambition with humility.
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A humility of purpose.
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That doesn't mean being tamer, being smaller, being less than what you do.
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It's the opposite.
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It's about serving something greater.
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The author Madeline L 'Engle wrote,
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Humility is throwing oneself away in complete concentration on something or someone else.
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In other words, whatever you do with your life, be a builder.
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You don't have to start from scratch to build something monumental.
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And conversely, the best founders,
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the ones whose creations last and whose reputations grow rather than shrink with passing time,
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they spend most of their time building piece by piece.
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Builders are comfortable in the belief that their life's work will one day be bigger than them, bigger than any one person.
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They're mindful that its effects will span generations.
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That's not an accident.
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In a way, it's the whole point.
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In a few days, we will mark the 50th anniversary of the riots at Stonewall.
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When the patrons of the Stonewall Inn showed up that night, people of all races, gay and transgender,
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young and old, they had no idea what history had in store for them.
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It would have seemed foolish to dream it.
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When the door was busted open by police, it was not the knock of opportunity or the call of destiny.
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It was just another instance of the world telling them that they ought to feel worthless for being different.
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But the group gathered there felt something strange,
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strength in them, a conviction that they deserve something better than the shadows and better than oblivion.
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And if it wasn't going to be given, then they were going to have to build it themselves.
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I was eight years old and a thousand miles away when Stonewall happened.
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There were no news alerts, no way for photos to go viral,
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no mechanism for a kid on the Gulf Coast to hear these unlikely heroes tell their stories.
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Greenwich Village may as well have been a different planet,
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though I can tell you that the slurs and hatreds were the same.
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What I would not know for a long time was what
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I owed to a group of people I never knew in a place I'd never been.
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Yet, I will never stop being grateful for what they had the courage to build.
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Graduates, being a builder is about believing
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that you cannot possibly be the greatest cause on this earth because you aren't built to last.
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It's about making peace with the fact that you won't be here for the end of the story.
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That brings me to my last bit of advice.
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14 years ago, Steve stood on this stage and told your predecessors,
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your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Here's my corollary.
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Your mentors may leave you prepared, but they can't leave you ready.
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When Steve got sick, I had hardwired my thinking to the belief that he would get better.
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I not only thought he would hold on, I was convinced down to my core that he'd still be guiding Apple long after I,
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myself, was gone.
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Then one day, he called me over to his house and told me that it wasn't going to be that way.
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Even then, I was convinced he would stay on as chairman, that he would step back from the day -to -day but always be there as a sounding board.
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But there was no reason to believe that.
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I never should have thought it.
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The facts were all there.
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And when he was gone,
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truly gone, I learned the real visceral difference between preparation and readiness.
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It was the loneliest I've ever felt in my life by an order of magnitude.
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It was one of those moments where you can be surrounded by people, yet you don't really see, hear, or feel them.
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But I could sense their expectations.
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When the dust settled, all I knew was
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that I was going to have to be the best version of myself that I could be.
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I knew that if you got out of bed every morning and set your watch by what other people expect or demand, it'd drive you crazy.
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So what was true then is true now.
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Don't waste your time living someone else's life.
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Don't try to emulate the people who came before you to the exclusion of everything else contorting into a shape
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that doesn't fit.
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It takes too much mental effort, effort that should be dedicated to creating and building.
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You'll waste precious time trying to rewire your every thought.
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And in the meantime, you won't be fooling anybody.
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Graduates, the fact is, when your time comes, and it will, you'll never be ready.
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But you're not supposed to be.
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Find the hope in the unexpected.
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Find the courage in the challenge.
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Find your vision on the solitary road.
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Don't get distracted.
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There are too many people who want credit without responsibility.
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Too many who show up for the ribbon cutting without building anything worth a dam. Be different.
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Leave something worthy.
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And always remember that you can't take it with you.
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You're going to have to pass it on.
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Thank you very much and congratulations to the class of 2019!
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Thank you.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 168개와 단어 1952개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 18:00입니다. 화자는 분당 약 108단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| belief 명사 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 믿음 |
| privacy 명사 | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | 사생활, 프라이버시 |
| courage 명사 | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 용기 |
| builder 명사 | /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/ | 건축업자, 건설자 |
| humility 명사 | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | 겸손 |
| solve 동사 | /sɒlv/ | 해결하다 |
| humanity 명사 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 인류, 인간 |
| chaos 명사 | /ˈkeɪˌɑs/ | 혼돈, 카오스 |
| convince 동사 | /kənˈvɪns/ | 납득시키다, 확신시키다 |
| mentor 명사 | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | 멘토 |
| optimism 명사 | /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ | 낙천주의 |
| topic 명사 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 화제, 주제 |
| vast 형용사 | /væst/ | 광대하다, 거대하다 |
| earn 동사 | /ɝn/ | 벌다 |
| sharp 형용사 | /ʃɑɹp/ | 날카로운 |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, can't, doesn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 45번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, passion /ˈpæʃən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, belief, privacy, courage 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | hasn't given · have lifted · haven't been |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | be invited · are still drawn · can be aggregated |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | people who came · people who want |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.