ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 2019 Stanford Commencement address by Tim Cook
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168 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
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Stanford University.
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Please join me in welcoming Tim Cook.
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Thank you, thank you.
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Good morning, class of 2019.
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Thank you, President Tessier -Levine, for that very generous introduction.
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I'll do my best to earn it.
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Before I begin, I want to recognize everyone whose hard work made this celebration possible,
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including the groundskeepers, ushers, volunteers, and crew.
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Thank you.
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I am deeply honored and frankly a little astonished to be invited to join you for this most meaningful of occasions.
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Graduates, this is your day, but you didn't get here alone.
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Family and friends, teachers, mentors, loved ones, and of course your parents all work together to make you possible
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and they share your joy today here on Father's Day let's give the dads in particular a round of applause
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Stanford is near to my heart not least because I live just a mile and a half from here.
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Of course, if my accent hasn't given it away, for the first part of my life, I had to admire this place from a distance.
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I went to school on the other side of the country at Auburn University in the heart of landlocked eastern Alabama.
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You may not know this, but I was on the sailing team all four years.
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It wasn't easy.
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Back then the closest marina was a three -hour drive.
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For practice most of the time we had to wait for a heavy rainstorm to flood the football field.
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And tying knots is hard. Who knew?
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Yet But somehow, against all odds, we managed to beat Stanford every time.
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We must have gotten lucky with a win.
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Kidding aside, I know the real reason I'm here, and I don't take it lightly.
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Stanford and Silicon Valley's roots are woven together.
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We're part of the same ecosystem.
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It was true when Steve stood on the stage 14 years ago.
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It's true today, and presumably it'll be true for a while longer still.
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The past few decades have lifted us together.
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But today, we gather at a moment that demands some reflection.
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Fueled by caffeine and code, optimism and idealism, conviction and creativity,
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generations of Stanford graduates and dropouts have used technology to remake our society.
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But I think you would agree that lately the results haven't been neat or straightforward forward.
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In just the four years that you've been here at the farm, things feel like they've taken a sharp turn.
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Crisis has tempered optimism.
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Consequences have challenged idealism.
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And reality has shaken blind faith.
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And yet we are still drawn here.
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For good reason.
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Big dreams live here, as do the genius and passion to make them real.
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In an age of cynicism, this place still believes that the human capacity to solve problems is boundless.
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But so it seems is our potential to create them.
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That's what I'm interested in talking about today today.
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Because if I've learned one thing, it's that technology doesn't change who we are, it magnifies who we are,
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the good and the bad.
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Our problems in technology, in politics, wherever, are human problems.
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From the Garden of Eden to today,
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it's our humanity that got us into this mess and it's our humanity that's going to have to get us out.
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First things first, here's a plain fact.
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Silicon Valley is responsible for some of the most revolutionary inventions in modern history.
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From the first oscillator built in the Hewlett Packard garage to the iPhones that I know you're holding in your hands.
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social media shareable videos snaps and stories
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that connect half the people on earth they all trace their roots to Stanford's backyard
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but lately it seems this industry is becoming better known for a less noble innovation the belief
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that you can claim credit without accepting responsibility.
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We see it every day now with every data breach,
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every privacy violation, every blind eye turned to hate speech, fake news poisoning our national conversation,
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the false miracles in exchange for a single drop of your blood it.
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Too many seem to think that good intentions excuse away harmful outcomes.
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But whether you like it or not, what you build and what you create define who you are.
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It feels a bit crazy that anyone should have to say this, but if you've built a chaos factory, you You can't dodge responsibility for the chaos.
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Taking responsibility means having the courage to think things through.
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And there are few areas where this is more important than privacy.
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If we accept as normal and unavoidable that everything in our lives can be aggregated,
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sold or even leaked in the event of a hack, then we lose so much more than data.
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We lose the freedom to be human.
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Think about what's at stake.
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Everything you write, everything you say, every topic of curiosity, every stray thought,
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every impulsive purchase, every moment of frustration or weakness, every gripe or complaint every secret shared in confidence.
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In a world without digital privacy, even if you have done nothing wrong other than think differently,
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you begin to censor yourself.
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Not entirely at first, just a little bit by bit.
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To risk less, to hope less, to imagine less, to dare less, to create less, to try less,
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to talk less, to think less.
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The chilling effect of digital surveillance is profound and it touches everything.
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What a small unimaginative world we would end up with.
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Not entirely at first, just a little, bit by bit.
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Ironically, it's the kind of environment that would have stopped Silicon Valley before it had ever gotten started.
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We deserve better.
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You deserve better.
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However, if we believe that freedom means an environment where great ideas can take root,
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where they can grow and be nurtured without fear of irrational restrictions or burdens, then it's our duty to change course.
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Because your generation ought to have the same freedom to shape the future as the generation that came before for.
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Graduates, at the very least, learn from these mistakes.
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If you want to take credit, first, learn to take responsibility.
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Now, a lot of you, the vast majority, won't find yourselves in tech at all.
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That's as it should be.
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We need your minds at work far and wide
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because our challenges are great and they can't be solved by any single industry.
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No matter where you go, no matter what you do, I know you will be ambitious.
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You wouldn't be here today if you weren't.
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Match that ambition with humility.
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A humility of purpose.
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That doesn't mean being tamer, being smaller, being less than what you do.
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It's the opposite.
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It's about serving something greater.
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The author Madeline L 'Engle wrote,
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Humility is throwing oneself away in complete concentration on something or someone else.
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In other words, whatever you do with your life, be a builder.
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You don't have to start from scratch to build something monumental.
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And conversely, the best founders,
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the ones whose creations last and whose reputations grow rather than shrink with passing time,
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they spend most of their time building piece by piece.
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Builders are comfortable in the belief that their life's work will one day be bigger than them, bigger than any one person.
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They're mindful that its effects will span generations.
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That's not an accident.
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In a way, it's the whole point.
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In a few days, we will mark the 50th anniversary of the riots at Stonewall.
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When the patrons of the Stonewall Inn showed up that night, people of all races, gay and transgender,
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young and old, they had no idea what history had in store for them.
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It would have seemed foolish to dream it.
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When the door was busted open by police, it was not the knock of opportunity or the call of destiny.
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It was just another instance of the world telling them that they ought to feel worthless for being different.
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But the group gathered there felt something strange,
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strength in them, a conviction that they deserve something better than the shadows and better than oblivion.
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And if it wasn't going to be given, then they were going to have to build it themselves.
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I was eight years old and a thousand miles away when Stonewall happened.
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There were no news alerts, no way for photos to go viral,
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no mechanism for a kid on the Gulf Coast to hear these unlikely heroes tell their stories.
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Greenwich Village may as well have been a different planet,
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though I can tell you that the slurs and hatreds were the same.
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What I would not know for a long time was what
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I owed to a group of people I never knew in a place I'd never been.
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Yet, I will never stop being grateful for what they had the courage to build.
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Graduates, being a builder is about believing
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that you cannot possibly be the greatest cause on this earth because you aren't built to last.
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It's about making peace with the fact that you won't be here for the end of the story.
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That brings me to my last bit of advice.
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14 years ago, Steve stood on this stage and told your predecessors,
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your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Here's my corollary.
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Your mentors may leave you prepared, but they can't leave you ready.
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When Steve got sick, I had hardwired my thinking to the belief that he would get better.
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I not only thought he would hold on, I was convinced down to my core that he'd still be guiding Apple long after I,
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myself, was gone.
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Then one day, he called me over to his house and told me that it wasn't going to be that way.
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Even then, I was convinced he would stay on as chairman, that he would step back from the day -to -day but always be there as a sounding board.
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But there was no reason to believe that.
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I never should have thought it.
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The facts were all there.
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And when he was gone,
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truly gone, I learned the real visceral difference between preparation and readiness.
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It was the loneliest I've ever felt in my life by an order of magnitude.
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It was one of those moments where you can be surrounded by people, yet you don't really see, hear, or feel them.
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But I could sense their expectations.
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When the dust settled, all I knew was
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that I was going to have to be the best version of myself that I could be.
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I knew that if you got out of bed every morning and set your watch by what other people expect or demand, it'd drive you crazy.
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So what was true then is true now.
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Don't waste your time living someone else's life.
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Don't try to emulate the people who came before you to the exclusion of everything else contorting into a shape
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that doesn't fit.
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It takes too much mental effort, effort that should be dedicated to creating and building.
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You'll waste precious time trying to rewire your every thought.
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And in the meantime, you won't be fooling anybody.
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Graduates, the fact is, when your time comes, and it will, you'll never be ready.
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But you're not supposed to be.
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Find the hope in the unexpected.
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Find the courage in the challenge.
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Find your vision on the solitary road.
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Don't get distracted.
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There are too many people who want credit without responsibility.
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Too many who show up for the ribbon cutting without building anything worth a dam. Be different.
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Leave something worthy.
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And always remember that you can't take it with you.
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You're going to have to pass it on.
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Thank you very much and congratulations to the class of 2019!
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 168 ประโยค และ 1952 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 18:00 ผู้พูดพูดช้า ประมาณ 108 คำต่อนาที จึงมีเวลาเลียนแบบทุกเสียง 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| privacy คำนาม | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | ความเป็นส่วนตัว |
| courage คำนาม | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | ความกล้า, ความกล้าหาญ |
| builder คำนาม | /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/ | ผู้สร้าง, ผู้ก่อสร้าง |
| humility คำนาม | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | ความถ่อมตัว, ความนอบน้อม |
| solve คำกริยา | /sɒlv/ | แก้, แก้ไข |
| humanity คำนาม | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | มนุษยชาติ |
| chaos คำนาม | /ˈkeɪˌɑs/ | ความยุ่งเหยิง, ความโกลาหล |
| optimism คำนาม | /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ | สุทรรศนนิยม, สุนิยม |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| vast คำคุณศัพท์ | /væst/ | ว้างเวิ้ง, ไพศาล |
| earn คำกริยา | /ɝn/ | หาเงิน |
| sharp คำคุณศัพท์ | /ʃɑɹp/ | คม, แหลม |
| reputation คำนาม | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | ชื่อเสียง |
| founder คำนาม | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | ผู้สร้าง, ผู้ก่อตั้ง |
| shadow คำนาม | /ˈʃædəʊ̯/ | เงา, ฉายา |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| show up คำกริยา | โผล่ |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 45 ครั้ง เช่น don't, can't, doesn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, passion /ˈpæʃən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง privacy, courage, builder เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | hasn't given · have lifted · haven't been |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be invited · are still drawn · can be aggregated |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who came · people who want |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ