쉐도잉 연습: Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language | Tradecraft | WIRED - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Nonverbals are anything that communicates but is not a word.
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The public knows them as body language.
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How we dress, how we walk, have meaning.
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And we use that to interpret what's in the mind of the person.
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My name is Joe Navarro, and for 25 years, I was a special agent with the FBI.
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My job was to catch spies.
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Most of my career I spent within the National Security Division.
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A lot of it had to do with looking at specific targets, and then it was about, well, how do we get in their heads,
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and how do we neutralize them?
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Our security is based on nonverbals.
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We look at the person through the peephole.
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We look at who's behind us at the ATM machine.
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We know from the research that most of us select our mates based on non -verbals.
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So we may think we're very sophisticated, but in fact we are never in a state where we're not transmitting information.
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There's a lot of myths out there.
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The ones that stand out is if you cross your arms, that it's a blocking behavior.
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That's just nonsense.
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Even when you don't like the person that is in front of you, this isn't to block them out, it's actually to self -soothe.
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Because in essence, it's a self -hug.
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When you're sitting at a movie and you're watching, you're going to cross your arms.
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You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
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What's interesting is we do this behavior more in public than in private.
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The other one that really stands out is, as we think about something, we may look in a certain way.
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As we process the information, we may look in another way.
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It's certainly not indicative of deception, and it really shouldn't be used that way.
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All we can say is the person is processing the information.
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The other misconceptions are that if the person clears their throat, touches their nose, or covers their mouth, they're lying.
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We do these behaviors as self -soothers.
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They're pacifying behaviors.
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Scientifically and empirically, there's just no Pinocchio effect.
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And people who prattle that and say, well we can detect deception because the person touches their nose
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or covers their mouth that's just sheer nonsense
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we humans are lousy at detecting deception espionage work is often nowhere near what we see in movies
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and in one of the cases we had information from another country saying
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you have an american we think is actually a mole who somehow entered the united states
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He's able to pass as an American, but he's here working for a hostile intelligence service.
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And just fortuitously, he was videographed coming out of a flower shop.
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We're looking at the video and everybody in our small unit, we were saying, well, there's not much there.
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You know, he's coming out of the shop, getting in his car.
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And I said, stop the film right there.
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Just as he came out of the shop, he took the flowers and most
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Americans tend to hold the flowers by the stock so that the flowers are up.
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This individual took them and grabbed the stock and then held the flowers so that they were facing down.
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And I said, that's how they carry flowers in Eastern Europe.
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Rather than confront him about, are you a spy, I decided to do what's called a presumptive.
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So as I sat there with him, I said, would you like to know how we know?
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And he had this look on his face and I said, it was the flowers, and then he confessed.
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When I came into law enforcement, I thought it was all about the confession.
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It's really about FaceTime.
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In my 25 years in the FBI, it was a rarity that a person didn't eventually
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reveal what I needed to know because we would sit down
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and have these very lengthy conversations
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I look at behaviors to do an assessment what is this
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person transmitting in relations to any stimuli my further questioning comes from my observing these behaviors the first thing
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I look at is I look at the hair does it
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look healthy does it look well -groomed the forehead is very interesting
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because a lot of times we reveal stress a lot of the things
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that we have gone through life are often etched in the forehead i look at the eyes to see
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if they're red
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or not enough sleep this small area here between the eyes called the glabella it's one of the first areas
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that reveals information to us most often when we don't like something we do that bunny nose of I don't like.
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We don't really know what our lips look like, and we tend to compress them when something bothers us.
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When something really bothers us, we tend to suck them in the mandibula and look at the cheeks.
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We may do something like this.
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We'll rub our tongue against the inside of the cheek.
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But when we try to hide it, then it tells me that this person is trying to do some perception management.
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And if they are, I want to know why.
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At the neck, I want to see if there's any head tilt, because head tilt, the person is more relaxed.
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The minute the head tilt goes away, there's usually some issue.
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I'm looking at the shoulders.
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You ask somebody a question and they don't know, both shoulders shoot up very quickly.
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And then I look at the hands.
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When something's troubling us, we tend to stiffen our fingers, interlace them, and almost like a teepee,
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we move our hands back and forth very slowly slowly this is to be differentiated from
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when we do the steeple which we do in this position
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when something's at issue we tend to put our hands on our hips
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and we become very territorial this is called arms akimbo
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but look how it changes when we put our thumbs forward
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and then it becomes one of more of I'm inquisitive
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but I also look for any behaviors of ventilating
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because men tend to ventilate at the neck
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and we do at the very instant something bothers us
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and then i look at the legs to see
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if there's any brushing of the legs with the hands
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which is again to pacify
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and then the feet do i see any behaviors such as wiggling of the feet kicking of the feet
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if i ask a question and all of a sudden the feet withdraw
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and are crossed perhaps the person feels a little threatened by
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that question so
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when we study non -verbals it's not about making judgments it's about assessing what is this person transmitting in that moment
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it really is looking at an individual
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and saying what are they transmitting we're all transmitting at all times we choose the clothes
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that we wear how we groom ourselves how we dress but also how do we carry ourselves?
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Are we coming to the office on this particular day with a lot of energy, or are we coming in with a different sort of pace?
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And what we look for are differences in behavior down to
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the minutiae of what is this individual's posture as they're walking down the street?
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Are they on the inside of the sidewalk, on the outside?
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Can we see his blink rate?
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Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
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I know your blink rate is around eight, eight times a minute, but you don't know that.
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You're not sitting there counting.
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All these things factor in because they're transmitting information.
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Now it's up to us to then use that information to say,
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okay, we need to marshal resources to be on that individual right now. So in most
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Western cultures, the first time people touch is when they shake hands.
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Touching becomes that important because we can always remember a time when we shook hands with someone and we didn't like that.
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It's also the first time when our bodies release these bonding chemicals that say, I like this person or I don't like this person.
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And so, handshaking is both necessary and essential in most cultures.
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All right.
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Ladies, hi, I'm Joe Navarro.
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Joe, I'm Laura.
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Laura, how are you?
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And you are?
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Katija.
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Katija, how are you?
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I'm good.
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Let me ask you this.
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Let's back up a little bit.
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Is this comfortable for you?
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Yes.
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Yeah it's a little bit more comfortable
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but it's not for you is it all right thank you all right
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so keep talking what we've done here is we've talked about the importance of space
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and comfort they don't realize is how much further apart they are now standing and it's
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because we have brought this subject up to make them comfortable about saying hey
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it's okay to be comfortable at your perfect distance and
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so now we see when they rock they rock away from each other
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and they create this space if you notice their feet tend to move around more.
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There's a dynamic going on here where they're kind of trying to find, well, what is the perfect space?
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What is the perfect distance?
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And we know that they're unsettled because of the high degree of movement that's going on.
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Check.
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Poker's an interesting game.
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The similitudes of sitting across from a spy or sitting across from players, it's their reactions to a stimulus.
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We have behaviors indicative of psychological discomfort that we use at home, at work, or at the poker table.
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So we're gonna take a look at poker players
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and some of the body language that you'll find at a typical poker game.
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so we'll pause it right there so one of the things
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that you first notice is that
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when a table is called this is the first time many of them see each other
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this is a great opportunity to be looking for behaviors indicative of discomfort we're gonna see the individual shifting in his chair,
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we're gonna see one individual reaching over and grabbing his shoulder.
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The woman, in this case, her shoulders are rather high.
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This is a great opportunity, even before the game starts, to collect poker intelligence.
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Alright guys, button is good.
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So we'll stop right there.
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Look where their hands are at.
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Here we're looking at player number two and number three, and we notice right away that their hands are on top of the cards.
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Some players will cage their cards, some players will put their hands directly on top and press them down.
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And they may do that because the cards have now increased in value.
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Player number one tends to keep his hands very close to his body.
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Player number four, she's actually withdrawn her hands from the table.
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Because when we like things, we tend to move our hands forward.
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When we don't like things, we tend to move the hands away.
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So as we look at player number three, I'm often asked about players who shuffle their chips.
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What you're really doing is self -soothing, and this just helps you to make it through the game, and that's really all we're looking for.
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Oh, come on!
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Okay, so we'll stop right there.
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Player number five is sitting there, arms crossed, you don't see a lot of activity.
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That doesn't mean he's not transmitting a lot of information.
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On down the line, I want to see where those thumbs of his are
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because he holds them very close when nothing's going on.
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But does that change as the game evolves?
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If you're looking at nonverbals, it's often useful to look at them at double the speed
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because all the nonverbals that are critical jump out at you as though it were a caricature.
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all right
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so stop right there the woman in position number four
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you see her head moving around quite a bit player number three
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you see a lot of activity with his hands
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when we look at player number five now his hands are fully out
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this is as far as we've seen them before at this point we know
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that he's engaged and
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that he's interested now the game is out in the open 75 to 80 percent of the information
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we need is sitting out there.
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What you often see is everybody's looking at their own cards or looking at the community cards rather than looking around.
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You should be looking around to see, well, what was the reaction?
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Because you're going to see that reaction again.
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You know, in poker we used to say that you can have a poker face, but I encountered you can't have a poker body.
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Somewhere it's going to be revealed.
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When I was in college in the early 70s, there were really no courses on nonverbal communications.
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You quickly realize that to a great extent, it's really about what you can interpret from behavior.
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And so we talk about nonverbals because it matters, because it has gravitas, because it affects how we communicate with each other.
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When it comes to nonverbals, this is no small matter we primarily communicate non -verbally and we always will.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: hands, behavior, player, tend. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 183개와 단어 2208개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 14:37입니다. 화자는 분당 약 151단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 87%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| flower 명사 | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | 꽃 |
| poker 명사 | /ˈpoʊkɚ/ | 부지깽이 |
| reveal 동사 | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | 나타내다, 드러내다 |
| deception 명사 | /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ | 기만, 속임 |
| shake 동사 | /ˈʃeɪk/ | 흔들리다 |
| nonsense 명사 | /ˈnɒn.səns/ | 무의미, 어리석은 소리 |
| detect 동사 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 찾다, 탐지하다 |
| withdraw 동사 | /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ | 후퇴하다, 취소하다 |
| thumb 명사 | /ˈθʌm/ | 엄지, 엄지손가락 |
| cheek 명사 | /t͡ʃiːk/ | 뻔뻔 |
| forehead 명사 | /ˈfɔɹ.hɛd/ | 이마 |
| interpret 동사 | /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ | 해석하다 |
| blink 동사 | /ˈblɪŋk/ | 눈을 깜박이다, 눈을 깜박거리다 |
| finger 명사 | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | 손가락 |
| assessment 명사 | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | 평가 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| go away 동사 | 떠나다, 떠나가다 |
| look around 동사 | 둘러보다 |
| sit down 동사 | 앉다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
- I'm looking at the shoulders.
- Can we see his blink rate?
- Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
- Is this comfortable for you?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is based · was videographed · are often etched |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have gone · we've done · have brought |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, we're, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 57번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, myth /mɪθ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, brush /bɹʌʃ/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: flower /ˈfloʊɚ/, forehead /ˈfɔɹ.hɛd/, discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfɚt/, finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/, enforcement /ɪnˈfoɹsm(ə)nt/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, pause /pɔːz/, inquisitive /ɪŋˈkwɪzətɪv/, lousy /ˈlaʊ.zi/, neutralize /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, flower, poker, reveal 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.