Pratica di Shadowing: Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language | Tradecraft | WIRED - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Nonverbals are anything that communicates but is not a word.
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The public knows them as body language.
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How we dress, how we walk, have meaning.
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And we use that to interpret what's in the mind of the person.
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My name is Joe Navarro, and for 25 years, I was a special agent with the FBI.
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My job was to catch spies.
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Most of my career I spent within the National Security Division.
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A lot of it had to do with looking at specific targets, and then it was about, well, how do we get in their heads,
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and how do we neutralize them?
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Our security is based on nonverbals.
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We look at the person through the peephole.
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We look at who's behind us at the ATM machine.
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We know from the research that most of us select our mates based on non -verbals.
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So we may think we're very sophisticated, but in fact we are never in a state where we're not transmitting information.
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There's a lot of myths out there.
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The ones that stand out is if you cross your arms, that it's a blocking behavior.
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That's just nonsense.
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Even when you don't like the person that is in front of you, this isn't to block them out, it's actually to self -soothe.
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Because in essence, it's a self -hug.
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When you're sitting at a movie and you're watching, you're going to cross your arms.
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You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
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What's interesting is we do this behavior more in public than in private.
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The other one that really stands out is, as we think about something, we may look in a certain way.
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As we process the information, we may look in another way.
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It's certainly not indicative of deception, and it really shouldn't be used that way.
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All we can say is the person is processing the information.
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The other misconceptions are that if the person clears their throat, touches their nose, or covers their mouth, they're lying.
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We do these behaviors as self -soothers.
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They're pacifying behaviors.
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Scientifically and empirically, there's just no Pinocchio effect.
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And people who prattle that and say, well we can detect deception because the person touches their nose
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or covers their mouth that's just sheer nonsense
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we humans are lousy at detecting deception espionage work is often nowhere near what we see in movies
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and in one of the cases we had information from another country saying
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you have an american we think is actually a mole who somehow entered the united states
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He's able to pass as an American, but he's here working for a hostile intelligence service.
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And just fortuitously, he was videographed coming out of a flower shop.
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We're looking at the video and everybody in our small unit, we were saying, well, there's not much there.
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You know, he's coming out of the shop, getting in his car.
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And I said, stop the film right there.
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Just as he came out of the shop, he took the flowers and most
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Americans tend to hold the flowers by the stock so that the flowers are up.
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This individual took them and grabbed the stock and then held the flowers so that they were facing down.
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And I said, that's how they carry flowers in Eastern Europe.
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Rather than confront him about, are you a spy, I decided to do what's called a presumptive.
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So as I sat there with him, I said, would you like to know how we know?
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And he had this look on his face and I said, it was the flowers, and then he confessed.
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When I came into law enforcement, I thought it was all about the confession.
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It's really about FaceTime.
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In my 25 years in the FBI, it was a rarity that a person didn't eventually
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reveal what I needed to know because we would sit down
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and have these very lengthy conversations
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I look at behaviors to do an assessment what is this
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person transmitting in relations to any stimuli my further questioning comes from my observing these behaviors the first thing
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I look at is I look at the hair does it
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look healthy does it look well -groomed the forehead is very interesting
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because a lot of times we reveal stress a lot of the things
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that we have gone through life are often etched in the forehead i look at the eyes to see
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if they're red
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or not enough sleep this small area here between the eyes called the glabella it's one of the first areas
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that reveals information to us most often when we don't like something we do that bunny nose of I don't like.
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We don't really know what our lips look like, and we tend to compress them when something bothers us.
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When something really bothers us, we tend to suck them in the mandibula and look at the cheeks.
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We may do something like this.
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We'll rub our tongue against the inside of the cheek.
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But when we try to hide it, then it tells me that this person is trying to do some perception management.
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And if they are, I want to know why.
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At the neck, I want to see if there's any head tilt, because head tilt, the person is more relaxed.
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The minute the head tilt goes away, there's usually some issue.
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I'm looking at the shoulders.
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You ask somebody a question and they don't know, both shoulders shoot up very quickly.
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And then I look at the hands.
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When something's troubling us, we tend to stiffen our fingers, interlace them, and almost like a teepee,
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we move our hands back and forth very slowly slowly this is to be differentiated from
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when we do the steeple which we do in this position
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when something's at issue we tend to put our hands on our hips
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and we become very territorial this is called arms akimbo
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but look how it changes when we put our thumbs forward
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and then it becomes one of more of I'm inquisitive
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but I also look for any behaviors of ventilating
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because men tend to ventilate at the neck
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and we do at the very instant something bothers us
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and then i look at the legs to see
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if there's any brushing of the legs with the hands
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which is again to pacify
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and then the feet do i see any behaviors such as wiggling of the feet kicking of the feet
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if i ask a question and all of a sudden the feet withdraw
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and are crossed perhaps the person feels a little threatened by
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that question so
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when we study non -verbals it's not about making judgments it's about assessing what is this person transmitting in that moment
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it really is looking at an individual
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and saying what are they transmitting we're all transmitting at all times we choose the clothes
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that we wear how we groom ourselves how we dress but also how do we carry ourselves?
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Are we coming to the office on this particular day with a lot of energy, or are we coming in with a different sort of pace?
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And what we look for are differences in behavior down to
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the minutiae of what is this individual's posture as they're walking down the street?
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Are they on the inside of the sidewalk, on the outside?
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Can we see his blink rate?
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Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
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I know your blink rate is around eight, eight times a minute, but you don't know that.
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You're not sitting there counting.
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All these things factor in because they're transmitting information.
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Now it's up to us to then use that information to say,
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okay, we need to marshal resources to be on that individual right now. So in most
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Western cultures, the first time people touch is when they shake hands.
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Touching becomes that important because we can always remember a time when we shook hands with someone and we didn't like that.
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It's also the first time when our bodies release these bonding chemicals that say, I like this person or I don't like this person.
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And so, handshaking is both necessary and essential in most cultures.
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All right.
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Ladies, hi, I'm Joe Navarro.
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Joe, I'm Laura.
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Laura, how are you?
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And you are?
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Katija.
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Katija, how are you?
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I'm good.
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Let me ask you this.
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Let's back up a little bit.
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Is this comfortable for you?
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Yes.
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Yeah it's a little bit more comfortable
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but it's not for you is it all right thank you all right
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so keep talking what we've done here is we've talked about the importance of space
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and comfort they don't realize is how much further apart they are now standing and it's
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because we have brought this subject up to make them comfortable about saying hey
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it's okay to be comfortable at your perfect distance and
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so now we see when they rock they rock away from each other
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and they create this space if you notice their feet tend to move around more.
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There's a dynamic going on here where they're kind of trying to find, well, what is the perfect space?
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What is the perfect distance?
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And we know that they're unsettled because of the high degree of movement that's going on.
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Check.
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Poker's an interesting game.
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The similitudes of sitting across from a spy or sitting across from players, it's their reactions to a stimulus.
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We have behaviors indicative of psychological discomfort that we use at home, at work, or at the poker table.
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So we're gonna take a look at poker players
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and some of the body language that you'll find at a typical poker game.
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so we'll pause it right there so one of the things
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that you first notice is that
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when a table is called this is the first time many of them see each other
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this is a great opportunity to be looking for behaviors indicative of discomfort we're gonna see the individual shifting in his chair,
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we're gonna see one individual reaching over and grabbing his shoulder.
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The woman, in this case, her shoulders are rather high.
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This is a great opportunity, even before the game starts, to collect poker intelligence.
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Alright guys, button is good.
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So we'll stop right there.
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Look where their hands are at.
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Here we're looking at player number two and number three, and we notice right away that their hands are on top of the cards.
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Some players will cage their cards, some players will put their hands directly on top and press them down.
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And they may do that because the cards have now increased in value.
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Player number one tends to keep his hands very close to his body.
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Player number four, she's actually withdrawn her hands from the table.
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Because when we like things, we tend to move our hands forward.
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When we don't like things, we tend to move the hands away.
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So as we look at player number three, I'm often asked about players who shuffle their chips.
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What you're really doing is self -soothing, and this just helps you to make it through the game, and that's really all we're looking for.
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Oh, come on!
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Okay, so we'll stop right there.
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Player number five is sitting there, arms crossed, you don't see a lot of activity.
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That doesn't mean he's not transmitting a lot of information.
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On down the line, I want to see where those thumbs of his are
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because he holds them very close when nothing's going on.
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But does that change as the game evolves?
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If you're looking at nonverbals, it's often useful to look at them at double the speed
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because all the nonverbals that are critical jump out at you as though it were a caricature.
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all right
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so stop right there the woman in position number four
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you see her head moving around quite a bit player number three
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you see a lot of activity with his hands
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when we look at player number five now his hands are fully out
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this is as far as we've seen them before at this point we know
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that he's engaged and
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that he's interested now the game is out in the open 75 to 80 percent of the information
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we need is sitting out there.
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What you often see is everybody's looking at their own cards or looking at the community cards rather than looking around.
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You should be looking around to see, well, what was the reaction?
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Because you're going to see that reaction again.
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You know, in poker we used to say that you can have a poker face, but I encountered you can't have a poker body.
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Somewhere it's going to be revealed.
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When I was in college in the early 70s, there were really no courses on nonverbal communications.
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You quickly realize that to a great extent, it's really about what you can interpret from behavior.
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And so we talk about nonverbals because it matters, because it has gravitas, because it affects how we communicate with each other.
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When it comes to nonverbals, this is no small matter we primarily communicate non -verbally and we always will.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: hands, behavior, player, tend. Questo video contiene 183 frasi e 2208 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 14:37. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 151 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 87% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è facile da seguire.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| flower sostantivo | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | fiore |
| poker sostantivo | /ˈpoʊkɚ/ | attizzatoio |
| reveal verbo | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | rivelare, gettare la maschera |
| bother verbo | /ˈbɑðɚ/ | disturbare, infastidire |
| communicate verbo | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | comunicare, informare |
| tilt verbo | /tɪlt/ | pendere, inclinare |
| deception sostantivo | /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ | mistificazione, inganno |
| indicative aggettivo | /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/ | indicativo |
| shake verbo | /ˈʃeɪk/ | scuotere, agitare |
| nonsense sostantivo | /ˈnɒn.səns/ | sciocchezza, senza senso |
| detect verbo | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | individuare, rilevare |
| withdraw verbo | /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ | ritirare, tirarsi indietro |
| thumb sostantivo | /ˈθʌm/ | pollice, dito grosso |
| cheek sostantivo | /t͡ʃiːk/ | faccia tosta, sfrontatezza |
| verbal aggettivo | /ˈvɜː.bəl/ | verbale |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| go away verbo | partire, andarsene |
| go through verbo | attraversare |
| sit down verbo | sedersi, accomodarsi |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
- I'm looking at the shoulders.
- Can we see his blink rate?
- Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
- Is this comfortable for you?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is based · be used · was videographed |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have gone · we've done · have brought |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | person that is · people who prattle |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 57 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, we're, you're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, myth /mɪθ/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, brush /bɹʌʃ/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: forehead /ˈfɔɹ.hɛd/, hip /hɪp/, nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, handshake /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, tilt /tɪlt/, indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, pacify /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/, gravitas /ˈɡɹævɪtɑs/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come flower, poker, reveal.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.