Shadowing Practice: Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language | Tradecraft | WIRED - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Nonverbals are anything that communicates but is not a word.
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The public knows them as body language.
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How we dress, how we walk, have meaning.
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And we use that to interpret what's in the mind of the person.
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My name is Joe Navarro, and for 25 years, I was a special agent with the FBI.
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My job was to catch spies.
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Most of my career I spent within the National Security Division.
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A lot of it had to do with looking at specific targets, and then it was about, well, how do we get in their heads,
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and how do we neutralize them?
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Our security is based on nonverbals.
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We look at the person through the peephole.
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We look at who's behind us at the ATM machine.
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We know from the research that most of us select our mates based on non -verbals.
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So we may think we're very sophisticated, but in fact we are never in a state where we're not transmitting information.
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There's a lot of myths out there.
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The ones that stand out is if you cross your arms, that it's a blocking behavior.
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That's just nonsense.
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Even when you don't like the person that is in front of you, this isn't to block them out, it's actually to self -soothe.
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Because in essence, it's a self -hug.
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When you're sitting at a movie and you're watching, you're going to cross your arms.
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You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
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What's interesting is we do this behavior more in public than in private.
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The other one that really stands out is, as we think about something, we may look in a certain way.
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As we process the information, we may look in another way.
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It's certainly not indicative of deception, and it really shouldn't be used that way.
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All we can say is the person is processing the information.
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The other misconceptions are that if the person clears their throat, touches their nose, or covers their mouth, they're lying.
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We do these behaviors as self -soothers.
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They're pacifying behaviors.
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Scientifically and empirically, there's just no Pinocchio effect.
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And people who prattle that and say, well we can detect deception because the person touches their nose
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or covers their mouth that's just sheer nonsense
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we humans are lousy at detecting deception espionage work is often nowhere near what we see in movies
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and in one of the cases we had information from another country saying
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you have an american we think is actually a mole who somehow entered the united states
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He's able to pass as an American, but he's here working for a hostile intelligence service.
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And just fortuitously, he was videographed coming out of a flower shop.
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We're looking at the video and everybody in our small unit, we were saying, well, there's not much there.
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You know, he's coming out of the shop, getting in his car.
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And I said, stop the film right there.
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Just as he came out of the shop, he took the flowers and most
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Americans tend to hold the flowers by the stock so that the flowers are up.
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This individual took them and grabbed the stock and then held the flowers so that they were facing down.
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And I said, that's how they carry flowers in Eastern Europe.
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Rather than confront him about, are you a spy, I decided to do what's called a presumptive.
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So as I sat there with him, I said, would you like to know how we know?
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And he had this look on his face and I said, it was the flowers, and then he confessed.
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When I came into law enforcement, I thought it was all about the confession.
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It's really about FaceTime.
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In my 25 years in the FBI, it was a rarity that a person didn't eventually
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reveal what I needed to know because we would sit down
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and have these very lengthy conversations
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I look at behaviors to do an assessment what is this
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person transmitting in relations to any stimuli my further questioning comes from my observing these behaviors the first thing
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I look at is I look at the hair does it
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look healthy does it look well -groomed the forehead is very interesting
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because a lot of times we reveal stress a lot of the things
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that we have gone through life are often etched in the forehead i look at the eyes to see
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if they're red
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or not enough sleep this small area here between the eyes called the glabella it's one of the first areas
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that reveals information to us most often when we don't like something we do that bunny nose of I don't like.
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We don't really know what our lips look like, and we tend to compress them when something bothers us.
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When something really bothers us, we tend to suck them in the mandibula and look at the cheeks.
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We may do something like this.
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We'll rub our tongue against the inside of the cheek.
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But when we try to hide it, then it tells me that this person is trying to do some perception management.
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And if they are, I want to know why.
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At the neck, I want to see if there's any head tilt, because head tilt, the person is more relaxed.
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The minute the head tilt goes away, there's usually some issue.
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I'm looking at the shoulders.
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You ask somebody a question and they don't know, both shoulders shoot up very quickly.
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And then I look at the hands.
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When something's troubling us, we tend to stiffen our fingers, interlace them, and almost like a teepee,
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we move our hands back and forth very slowly slowly this is to be differentiated from
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when we do the steeple which we do in this position
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when something's at issue we tend to put our hands on our hips
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and we become very territorial this is called arms akimbo
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but look how it changes when we put our thumbs forward
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and then it becomes one of more of I'm inquisitive
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but I also look for any behaviors of ventilating
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because men tend to ventilate at the neck
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and we do at the very instant something bothers us
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and then i look at the legs to see
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if there's any brushing of the legs with the hands
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which is again to pacify
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and then the feet do i see any behaviors such as wiggling of the feet kicking of the feet
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if i ask a question and all of a sudden the feet withdraw
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and are crossed perhaps the person feels a little threatened by
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that question so
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when we study non -verbals it's not about making judgments it's about assessing what is this person transmitting in that moment
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it really is looking at an individual
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and saying what are they transmitting we're all transmitting at all times we choose the clothes
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that we wear how we groom ourselves how we dress but also how do we carry ourselves?
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Are we coming to the office on this particular day with a lot of energy, or are we coming in with a different sort of pace?
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And what we look for are differences in behavior down to
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the minutiae of what is this individual's posture as they're walking down the street?
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Are they on the inside of the sidewalk, on the outside?
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Can we see his blink rate?
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Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
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I know your blink rate is around eight, eight times a minute, but you don't know that.
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You're not sitting there counting.
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All these things factor in because they're transmitting information.
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Now it's up to us to then use that information to say,
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okay, we need to marshal resources to be on that individual right now. So in most
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Western cultures, the first time people touch is when they shake hands.
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Touching becomes that important because we can always remember a time when we shook hands with someone and we didn't like that.
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It's also the first time when our bodies release these bonding chemicals that say, I like this person or I don't like this person.
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And so, handshaking is both necessary and essential in most cultures.
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All right.
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Ladies, hi, I'm Joe Navarro.
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Joe, I'm Laura.
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Laura, how are you?
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And you are?
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Katija.
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Katija, how are you?
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I'm good.
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Let me ask you this.
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Let's back up a little bit.
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Is this comfortable for you?
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Yes.
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Yeah it's a little bit more comfortable
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but it's not for you is it all right thank you all right
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so keep talking what we've done here is we've talked about the importance of space
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and comfort they don't realize is how much further apart they are now standing and it's
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because we have brought this subject up to make them comfortable about saying hey
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it's okay to be comfortable at your perfect distance and
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so now we see when they rock they rock away from each other
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and they create this space if you notice their feet tend to move around more.
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There's a dynamic going on here where they're kind of trying to find, well, what is the perfect space?
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What is the perfect distance?
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And we know that they're unsettled because of the high degree of movement that's going on.
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Check.
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Poker's an interesting game.
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The similitudes of sitting across from a spy or sitting across from players, it's their reactions to a stimulus.
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We have behaviors indicative of psychological discomfort that we use at home, at work, or at the poker table.
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So we're gonna take a look at poker players
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and some of the body language that you'll find at a typical poker game.
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so we'll pause it right there so one of the things
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that you first notice is that
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when a table is called this is the first time many of them see each other
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this is a great opportunity to be looking for behaviors indicative of discomfort we're gonna see the individual shifting in his chair,
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we're gonna see one individual reaching over and grabbing his shoulder.
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The woman, in this case, her shoulders are rather high.
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This is a great opportunity, even before the game starts, to collect poker intelligence.
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Alright guys, button is good.
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So we'll stop right there.
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Look where their hands are at.
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Here we're looking at player number two and number three, and we notice right away that their hands are on top of the cards.
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Some players will cage their cards, some players will put their hands directly on top and press them down.
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And they may do that because the cards have now increased in value.
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Player number one tends to keep his hands very close to his body.
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Player number four, she's actually withdrawn her hands from the table.
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Because when we like things, we tend to move our hands forward.
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When we don't like things, we tend to move the hands away.
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So as we look at player number three, I'm often asked about players who shuffle their chips.
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What you're really doing is self -soothing, and this just helps you to make it through the game, and that's really all we're looking for.
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Oh, come on!
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Okay, so we'll stop right there.
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Player number five is sitting there, arms crossed, you don't see a lot of activity.
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That doesn't mean he's not transmitting a lot of information.
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On down the line, I want to see where those thumbs of his are
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because he holds them very close when nothing's going on.
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But does that change as the game evolves?
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If you're looking at nonverbals, it's often useful to look at them at double the speed
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because all the nonverbals that are critical jump out at you as though it were a caricature.
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all right
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so stop right there the woman in position number four
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you see her head moving around quite a bit player number three
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you see a lot of activity with his hands
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when we look at player number five now his hands are fully out
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this is as far as we've seen them before at this point we know
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that he's engaged and
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that he's interested now the game is out in the open 75 to 80 percent of the information
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we need is sitting out there.
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What you often see is everybody's looking at their own cards or looking at the community cards rather than looking around.
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You should be looking around to see, well, what was the reaction?
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Because you're going to see that reaction again.
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You know, in poker we used to say that you can have a poker face, but I encountered you can't have a poker body.
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Somewhere it's going to be revealed.
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When I was in college in the early 70s, there were really no courses on nonverbal communications.
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You quickly realize that to a great extent, it's really about what you can interpret from behavior.
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And so we talk about nonverbals because it matters, because it has gravitas, because it affects how we communicate with each other.
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When it comes to nonverbals, this is no small matter we primarily communicate non -verbally and we always will.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: hands, behavior, player, tend. Deze video bevat 183 zinnen en 2208 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 14:37. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 151 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 87% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is goed te volgen.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| flower zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | bloem |
| poker zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpoʊkɚ/ | pook |
| transmit werkwoord | /tɹænsˈmɪt/ | doorgeven |
| reveal werkwoord | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | onthullen, zich ontpoppen |
| bother werkwoord | /ˈbɑðɚ/ | storen |
| communicate werkwoord | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | meedelen, mededelen |
| tilt werkwoord | /tɪlt/ | kantelen |
| deception zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ | bedrog, bedriegerij |
| indicative bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/ | indicatief |
| shake werkwoord | /ˈʃeɪk/ | schudden |
| nonsense zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnɒn.səns/ | nonsens, onzin |
| detect werkwoord | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | detecteren |
| withdraw werkwoord | /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ | terugtrekken |
| thumb zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈθʌm/ | duim |
| cheek zelfstandig naamwoord | /t͡ʃiːk/ | wang, koon |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| back up werkwoord | teruggaan |
| go away werkwoord | weggaan |
| sit down werkwoord | gaan zitten |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- You're waiting for somebody, you tend to do this.
- I'm looking at the shoulders.
- Can we see his blink rate?
- Can we see how often he's looking at his watch?
- Is this comfortable for you?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is based · was videographed · are often etched |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have gone · we've done · have brought |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 57 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we're, you're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, myth /mɪθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, brush /bɹʌʃ/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/, forehead /ˈfɔɹ.hɛd/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/, relax /ɹɪˈlæks/, pacify /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/, gravitas /ˈɡɹævɪtɑs/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: groom /ɡɹum/, finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, glabella /ɡləˈbɛlə/, gravitas /ˈɡɹævɪtɑs/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als flower, poker, transmit.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.