쉐도잉 연습: Just how ancient is sumo? - Lee Thompson - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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In 1772, amateur sumo wrestlers in present-day Niigata were performing to raise money for a local temple when a pair of sumo pros crashed their event.
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In 1772, amateur sumo wrestlers in present-day Niigata were performing to raise money for a local temple when a pair of sumo pros crashed their event.
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These wrestlers from the Tokyo sumo guild claimed that only their guild had the right to charge audiences admission.
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But when the pros tried making off with the ticket money, one was killed and the other barely escaped alive.
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Back in Tokyo, the guild took their case to a magistrate.
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They argued that because they were the only guild that adhered to sumo’s most “ancient practices,” no other performers in the country were legitimate.
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The magistrate accepted this claim.
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But surprisingly, these so-called “ancient practices” were actually recent inventions.
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So, what were these fabricated traditions, and how do they relate to sumo’s true history?
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Our earliest reliable records of sumo come from the 8th century, when performances were held as entertainment for annual court banquets.
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During these events, wrestlers were summoned from across Japan as a demonstration of the emperor's influence.
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Initially, these wrestlers would punch, scratch, and grab their opponents, claiming victory by forcing their hands or knees to the ground.
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But eventually, matches began focusing on grappling and tripping techniques.
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Over time, power shifted from the emperor and his court to their hired soldiers, the samurai, and official court sumo ended in 1174.
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However, samurai leaders still had soldiers perform less formal sumo bouts for exercise and entertainment.
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Throughout imperial and samurai rule, sumo was performed across Japan for sport, spectacle, and martial training.
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But in the 1400s, it took on a new function: fundraising.
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Shrines and temples began hosting performances to raise money for construction and repairs.
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And since skilled performers brought in more customers, event promoters were eager to enlist the best wrestlers.
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This led performers to create the first sumo guilds, ensuring steady employment and improving their working conditions.
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Once wrestlers could reliably make money through sumo, they became eager to perform for as many paying customers as possible.
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Enterprising young men put on rowdy street corner sumo performances, hoping to attract the donations of passersby.
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Lacking the organization of formal performances, these bouts often resulted in fights and injuries among both participants and spectators.
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So it didn’t take long for samurai authorities to crack down, periodically banning all forms of sumo in larger cities.
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Wrestlers and organizers knew they needed to make changes to overcome these bans.
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First, they established a boundary to separate spectators from participants.
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This boundary took many forms, but over the 17th century it morphed into a standard ring called the dohyō.
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This ring outlined the field of play, introducing a pivotal new rule: now matches could also be won by pushing one’s opponent out of the dohyō.
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This innovation increased the advantage of heavier wrestlers, whose weight already helped them topple their opponents.
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But sumo’s journey to become a respectable sport really took off when promoters began introducing rituals to associate sumo with Japan’s ancient past.
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Wrestlers threw salt in the ring and rinsed their mouths with water before matches— actions that evoked ancient religious ceremonies.
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These invented traditions imbued the sport with cultural legitimacy, convincing authorities that sumo was above board.
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One notable ritual emerged in 1789, when the Tokyo guild began having their top-ranked wrestlers perform a ring-entering ceremony wearing a sacred rope called the yokozuna.
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This innovation became so popular, the shōgun himself summoned the troupe for a performance— giving legitimacy not just to the Tokyo guild, but specifically to their invented traditions.
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After the shogunate was overthrown in 1868, sumo was seen as a dated relic and briefly fell out of fashion.
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But the sport gradually remade itself for the modern era, and today, Japan holds six 15-day tournaments every year, all of which are broadcast worldwide.
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New technology has brought advantages like instant replays, while other innovations were introduced to evoke the ancient past.
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And over the last century, the average body weight in the upper division has increased by over 60 kilograms!
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But throughout its changes, sumo has sustained its status as a beloved form of entertainment, a grand display of strength, and an ode to national traditions— both real and invented.

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일상 대화를 위한 5가지 주요 표현

  • performing to raise money: 돈을 모으기 위해 공연하다
  • charge audiences admission: 관객에게 입장료를 받다
  • established a boundary: 경계를 설정하다
  • ring-entering ceremony: 링 입장식
  • a beloved form of entertainment: 사랑받는 오락의 형태

이러한 표현들은 일반적인 대화에서 자주 사용되며, 영어 회화 연습 시 실제 스모와 같은 주제를 다룰 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 이러한 표현을 실제 대화에 적용해 보세요.

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