쉐도잉 연습: Phobia, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Today's topic is phobia.
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A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that is marked by an overwhelming and unbearable fear of an object or situation.
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A person with a phobia may experience a deep sense of dread or panic when they encounter the source of their fear.
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These situations are not normally threatening or frightening, but the affected person goes to a great length to avoid the situation or object.
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If the feared object or situation cannot be avoided, the person experiences significant distress.
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The American Psychiatric Association recognizes three types of phobia, which are specific phobias, is an intense,
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irrational fear of a specific trigger.
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However, it is not unusual to experience a specific phobia with more than one trigger.
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Specific phobias are referred to as simple phobias, as they can be linked to a cause that may not frequently occur in the everyday life of an individual,
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such as snakes, so they are therefore not likely to affect day-to-day living in a significant way.
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Common categories of specific phobias are fear of situations such as airplanes, enclosed spaces, or going to school,
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nature such heights, darkness or thunderstorms,
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animals or insects such as dogs or spiders blood injection
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or injuries such as needles or medical procedure others such as choking vomiting
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or loud noises each specific phobia has its own term by
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which is referred to examples of the terms include Acrophobia for fear of heights, Aviophobia for fear of flying,
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Claustrophobia for fear of enclosed spaces, Arachnophobia for fear of spiders, Nyctophobia for fear of darkness,
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Ophidiophobia for fear of snakes.
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Socialphobia or social anxiety refers to extreme worry about social situations resulting from the fear of being embarrassed in public.
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with social phobia often go out of their way to avoid public situations.
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Agoraphobia refers to a fear of situations from
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which it would be difficult to escape if a person were to experience extreme panic, such as being in a lift or outside of the home.
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Those with chronic health conditions may fear
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that they will have a medical emergency in a public area or where no help is available, so they may avoid public situations and stay inside their home.
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Social phobia and agoraphobia are known as complex phobias, as their triggers are not difficult to recognize
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and may affect day-to-day living of an individual as well as their well-being causes genetic
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and environmental factors can cause phobias social and specific phobias sometimes may be hereditary
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some people are born with a predisposition towards anxiety making them susceptible to developing phobias.
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Distressing events, pressure, or traumatic event related to a specific object or situation may lead to phobias.
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An experience of nearly drowning or an unpleasant experience in a confined space can bring on phobia.
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Changes in the brain functioning may also play a role.
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Symptoms.
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A person with phobia will experience the following symptom.
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An immediate feeling of intense fear, anxiety, and panic when exposed to or having thoughts related to the source of fear.
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A feeling that the source of fear must be avoided at all cost.
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Awareness that the fear is irrational, exaggerated, and unreasonable, combined with an inability to control the feelings.
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Difficulty functioning normally when exposed to the trigger.
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An exposure to the object of phobia brings on panic and intense anxiety, which may also trigger some physical sensations,
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such as profuse sweating,
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abnormal breathing rapid heartbeat trembling dry mouth a headache dizziness nausea elevated blood pressure a choking sensation upset stomach
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inability to speak diagnosis and treatment diagnosis is based on a clinical interview and diagnostic guidelines.
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The doctor will ask questions about symptoms and take a medical, psychiatric, and social history.
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The doctor may also use diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
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or DSM-5, published by the American Psychiatric Association.
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Treatment Treatment for phobias can involve therapeutic techniques, medications, or a combination of both.
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The most commonly used therapeutic treatment for phobia is cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT.
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New CBT technique uses virtual reality technology to expose people to
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the sources of their phobia in order to be able to confront it.
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Medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Phobia, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: phobia, fear, situation, specific, experience. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 50개와 단어 710개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:23입니다. 화자는 분당 약 132단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 73%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| phobia 명사 | /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | 공포증 |
| symptom 명사 | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | 증상, 증후 |
| agoraphobia 명사 | /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | 광장공포증 |
| irrational 형용사 | /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ | 불합리한 |
| choke 동사 | /t͡ʃoʊk/ | 질식하다 |
| therapeutic 형용사 | /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/ | 치료상의 |
| sensation 명사 | /sɛnˈseɪʃən/ | 감각 |
| antidepressant 명사 | 항우울제 | |
| claustrophobia 명사 | /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | 폐소공포증, 폐쇄공포증 |
| confine 동사 | /ˈkɑnfaɪn/ | 가두다 |
| criterion 명사 | /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ | 표준 |
| exaggerate 동사 | /ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/ | 과대시하다, 과장하다 |
| frighten 동사 | /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ | 겁먹게 만들다 |
| guideline 명사 | /ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/ | 지침, 가이드라인 |
| overwhelm 동사 | /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/ | 압도하다 |
주의할 발음
- “th” 소리: therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/, predisposition /ˌpridɪspəˈzɪʃən/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: diagnostic /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/, psychiatric /ˌsaɪ.kiˈæt.ɹɪk/, agoraphobia /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/, therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: phobia /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, agoraphobia /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, claustrophobia /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, confine /ˈkɑnfaɪn/, frighten /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/, predisposition /ˌpridɪspəˈzɪʃən/, nausea /ˈnɔzi.ə/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, phobia, symptom, agoraphobia 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.