쉐도잉 연습: Rock Cycle | Igneous | Metamorphic | Sedimentary Rock - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
연습 모드 선택
각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.
115 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Rocks are all around us, and every rock you see used to be different.
2
Over time rocks change.
3
They break down, wear away, or even mount, but never disappear.
4
How do rocks transform from this to this?
5
Let's find out together in this episode all about the rock cycle.
6
There are three types of rock found on Earth.
7
Metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rock.
8
We can classify each type of rock by how it was formed.
9
Sometimes rocks form quickly, like when an erupting volcano spews molten rock into the air.
10
And sometimes they change slowly, like when a rock is heated and compressed below
11
Earth's surface for thousands or even millions of years.
12
When you're looking at a rock, you're looking at history.
13
Rocks may all seem the same at first, but they're all different and complex.
14
The rock cycle shows how each type is formed in a different way, or how Earth's materials, driven by energy flow, change over time through melting,
15
crystallization, weathering, erosion, and deformation.
16
Within the Earth's crust and beneath the surface is molten rock
17
or magma that can cool and solidify and turn into igneous rock.
18
Let's take a look at Earth's layers to help us understand how this is possible.
19
The Earth is made up of several layers that go all the way down to its core.
20
The top layer of the Earth is slowly moving and shifting and is called the lithosphere.
21
This layer consists of the Earth's crust and part of the upper mantle and makes up the tectonic plates, sometimes called lithospheric plates.
22
These tectonic plates are being pushed together, pulled apart, or sliding past each other along surface faults.
23
These movements are what create mountain ranges, seafloor trenches, and volcanoes.
24
On the west coast of the United States, two plates are converging.
25
The Pacific Plate is going underneath the North American Plate and begins to melt as it moves farther and farther down,
26
eventually forming Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens, which are active volcanoes.
27
Old Oceanic Crust is constantly being recycled in the subduction zones.
28
This is where Oceanic Crust, being more dense, is subducted or sinks below the continental crust where it melts and is recycled into the mantle.
29
Volcanoes like this are a great place to find molten rock and igneous rock.
30
You can see this action modeled here.
31
At the bottom of this beaker, I have wax to represent magma under the crust.
32
A layer of sand is resting on top to represent a thin layer of oceanic crust.
33
As the magma rises, it cools and solidifies.
34
When magma comes to the surface, it makes brand new rocks.
35
Any new rock that has changed from molten to solid is an igneous rock.
36
Igneous rocks make up about 90 % of Earth's crust, though you may not notice because they are covered up by other rocks, soil, or ocean.
37
One common kind of igneous rock is granite.
38
Behind me is enchanted rock.
39
A massive 425 5 foot high, 1 .1 billion year old pink granite dome.
40
Here is an exfoliated piece for us to get a closer look.
41
Another type of igneous rock is this obsidian, which is smooth and glassy.
42
Both of these rocks were made of molten rock, so why do they look so different?
43
Depending on whether magma cools above or below
44
Earth's surface will determine the type of igneous rock that is formed.
45
When magma cools and solidifies beneath
46
Earth's surface, it forms intrusive igneous rock.
47
This granite is intrusive igneous rock.
48
It has only been exposed by erosion or the removal of the surrounding rock.
49
Intrusive rocks like this cool slowly so they have more time for larger mineral crystals to form,
50
which is why granite looks coarse -grained and we can see the crystals even without a microscope.
51
When magma erupts to the surface, we call it lava.
52
After lava cools and solidifies, it becomes extrusive igneous rock.
53
This obsidian is volcanic glass formed when lava cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.
54
If you're still here liking this video, let us know
55
And hit that subscribe button so you never miss an episode.
56
Once an igneous rock like granite is created, its journey isn't over.
57
The rock begins to change through a process called weathering.
58
Weathering wears away at exposed surfaces over time.
59
It's the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces or sediments.
60
Brushing water in rivers can wear down sharp edges on rocks over time.
61
High temperatures cause rock to expand, and falling temperatures cause rock to contract.
62
As this cycle happens over and over again, the structure of the rock weakens.
63
Eventually, the outer layers flake off in thin sheets, a process called exfoliation.
64
That's what is happening here.
65
You can see the curved cracks in peeling sheets.
66
Looks a bit like a giant rock onion.
67
All this sediment can be moved around or eroded by wind and water.
68
Eventually, it will be deposited somewhere, joining sediment from other rocks at the bottom of a riverbed, lake, or ocean.
69
Under the right circumstances, sediments can form into sedimentary rock.
70
All the material in this sandstone once belonged to other rocks.
71
These sedimentary rocks behind me were formed over 250 million years through the deposition of sediments in ancient seas and rivers,
72
creating layers of red shale, sandstone, and gypsum.
73
Rocks like these are formed when sediments undergo lithification.
74
Before lithification can occur, we need sediments.
75
So I'm going to create some candy sediments.
76
This is taking a long time, so let's speed it up.
77
That's better.
78
The first step to lithification is called deposition.
79
This is when sediment is deposited in a new location and it spreads out to form a layer.
80
As more and more layers are created, the layers underneath them become pressed together.
81
This is called compaction.
82
Minerals settle between the sediment particles which makes everything stick together.
83
This is called cementation, like cement.
84
This is now our candy sedimentary rock.
85
You can see the layers we started with the white and ended with the green.
86
With enough heat or pressure, a metamorphic rock can be formed from any other type of rock,
87
igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks.
88
All of the minerals in the original rock recrystallize without having to melt down back into molten rock.
89
The new metamorphic rocks are typically harder, more compact, and more resistant to weathering.
90
Metamorphic means it's changed.
91
We can create metamorphic rock with our sedimentary candy rock by adding heat and pressure.
92
First, I'm going to use an old hairdryer to heat things up.
93
Now, squishing action.
94
Pressure!
95
Squish!
96
Pressure!
97
Our sedimentary rock is now a metamorphic rock.
98
These pink rock islands jutting up through the limestone are metamorphic rocks called valley spring gneiss.
99
Intense heat and pressure applied to the original rocks over millions of years formed gneiss.
100
The original rocks were sedimentary and igneous, likely granite.
101
Rocks really never go away.
102
They're changed and reused over time.
103
This metamorphic rock can be heated up until it becomes like liquid lava.
104
Once it cools, it's now an igneous rock.
105
Back to the beginning.
106
There are many pathways through the rock cycle.
107
Metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks can become igneous rocks when they're melted and then cooled.
108
Igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks can become metamorphic rocks when they're exposed to high heat and pressure.
109
Igneous and metamorphic rocks can become sedimentary rocks if they're broken apart into sediments and go through lithification.
110
So the next time you spot an interesting rock, see if you can tell.
111
Is it sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic?
112
And if you want to learn more science you can check out this video next.
113
Pressure!
114
Squish!
115
Pressure!
앱 다운로드
유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것
AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인
IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터
단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기
단어 게임놀면서 외우기
같은 채널
FOR YOU
추천 영상
C12
133 문장
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
25 문장
Reversible and Irreversible Changes to Matter
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
59 문장
All About Crustaceans – Quiz Edition
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
16 문장
Let’s Steal a New Moon
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B13
26 문장
What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B17
64 문장
Dynamic Earth 1
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B23
82 문장
What Would Happen If Earth Started to Spin Backwards
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
150 문장
How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C123
31 문장
A Meteorite in the Garden? Calling the Museum
American AccentBritish AccentDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
105 문장
Evolution of Dinosaurs in 10 Minutes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B12
7 문장
The Periodic Table Song (2018 Update!) | SCIENCE SONGS
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
136 문장
Why Does the OCEAN Get Creepier the Deeper You Go?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: rock, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, layer. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 115개와 단어 1278개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 9:01입니다. 화자는 분당 약 142단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 74%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| layer 명사 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 층 |
| melt 동사 | /mɛlt/ | 녹다, 녹이다 |
| granite 명사 | /ˈɡɹæn.ɪt/ | 화강암 |
| mineral 명사 | /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ | 광물 |
| volcano 명사 | /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ | 화산 |
| lava 명사 | /ˈlɑvə/ | 용암 |
| crystal 명사 | /ˈkɹɪstəl/ | 결정 |
| candy 명사 | /ˈkæn.di/ | 캔디, 사탕 |
| thin 형용사 | /ˈθɪn/ | 가늘다, 얇다 |
| sheet 명사 | /ʃit/ | 장, 시트 |
| deposit 명사 | /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/ | 퇴적물 |
| erosion 명사 | /ɪˈɹəʊʒən/ | 부식 |
| mantle 명사 | /ˈmæn.təl/ | 망토 |
| sandstone 명사 | /ˈsændˌstoʊn/ | 사암 |
| sharp 형용사 | /ʃɑɹp/ | 날카로운 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| cover up 동사 | 감추다, 덮어버리다 |
| go away 동사 | 떠나다, 떠나가다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | was formed · is heated · is formed |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | Helens, which are · obsidian, which is · particles which makes |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has changed · has only been exposed |
주의할 발음
화자는 they're, you're, I'm 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 11번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thin /ˈθɪn/, beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smooth /smuːð/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: sheet /ʃit/, erosion /ɪˈɹəʊʒən/, deposition /ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, brush /bɹʌʃ/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: deposition /ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/, metamorphic /ˌmɛt.əˈmɔɹ.fɪk/, sedimentary /ˌsɛd.əˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/, lithification /ˌlɪθɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, solidify /səˈlɪdɪˌfaɪ/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/, metamorphic /ˌmɛt.əˈmɔɹ.fɪk/, lithification /ˌlɪθɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, solidify /səˈlɪdɪˌfaɪ/, classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: volcano /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/, lava /ˈlɑvə/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, curve /kɚv/, volcanic /vɔlˈkænɪk/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, deposit /dɪˈpɑ.zɪt/, deposition /ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/, resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/, crystallization /ˌkɹɪstəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, layer, melt, granite 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.