쉐도잉 연습: The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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When you think about IQ, you might think about scientists like Einstein,

or about nerds who'd rather read an academic paper than talk to another human being.

But I'm going to tell you about some of the strangest things that have been found to correlate with IQ,

including in our own giant IQ study involving over 3 ,000 people and in the work of other researchers.

So what is IQ?

Well, it's a standardized score that's designed to test cognitive ability, essentially what intelligence tasks measured in a lab have in common.

So if you give people a wide range of intelligence tasks, let's say logic puzzles, math,

spelling, vocabulary, and then you calculate a score that best predicts your performance at all of these different tasks, that's a measure of IQ.

It doesn't necessarily predict how good you are socially or morally

or whether you're good at the sort of things that hunter -gatherers tended to be good at.

Now as we all know, a formless void serves the mechanics of destiny and interdependence is an unparalleled element of all experience.

But what I just said is total pseudo -profound bullshit.

And fascinatingly, in our study, when we gave people statements like these and asked them to rate how profound they are,

higher IQ people tend to rate them as less profound.

In other words, they seemed better at calling out bullshit.

Perhaps this is because people with higher IQs are less likely to assume

that just because they don't understand something that it's actually meaningful.

If you watch intellectuals on podcasts, you'll actually see this quite a bit.

They'll say something that sounds profound, but doesn't really have any meaning.

And the audience, not understanding it, assumes that it must be really deep and gives them the benefit of the doubt.

When you hear things like this, I recommend deep diving and saying, well, what does this mean really?

As the second child born in my family, I find this next one especially interesting.

IQ is actually associated with being the firstborn child.

It's debated why this is, but one theory is that it has to do with parental investment.

If you only have one child, you can devote more time to raising them.

And time -use surveys suggest that this might actually be the case, that parents put more time into raising their firstborn child.

So perhaps this extra parental investment leads a child to have higher IQ over time.

We're not talking about a huge difference here, we're just talking about a few IQ points, but it's interesting that there's a difference at all.

Next, I want to tell you about one of the funniest correlations we found in our giant study of IQ.

Who do you think has higher IQs on average?

People who believe they can figure out solutions to societal problems, or people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems?

Well, it turns out in our study, people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems actually tended to have higher IQs,

perhaps because they were more aware of how incredibly difficult it is to figure out those kinds of solutions.

You might think that the explanation for this is the Dunning -Kruger effect.

People sometimes mistakenly think that the Dunning -Kruger effect is that lower -skilled people think that they're better than higher -skilled people,

but that's actually not what it is.

The Dunning -Kruger effect says that lower -skilled people tend to overestimate their ability,

not that they tend to think their ability is higher than higher -skilled people.

So this is different than the Dunning -Kruger effect.

There's a stereotype that nerdy people are more intelligent and more likely to wear glasses.

And many people believe that wearing glasses gives you an air of being intelligent.

Fascinatingly though, when a study tested this idea by showing faces of people either with glasses or without,

people did not perceive them as being more intelligent when they had glasses.

But, perhaps surprisingly, there actually is a link between IQ and nearsightedness.

In other words, people who wear glasses probably are a little bit higher IQ on average.

Why on earth would there be a link between IQ and nearsightedness though?

Well, there's a couple different theories.

One theory is that nearsightedness is actually linked to the amount of light exposure you get when you're young.

So if higher IQ children are more likely to stay indoors rather than spending outdoor time playing,

this could actually possibly explain why they tend to be more nearsighted.

Another theory is that nearsightedness is linked to close -up work such as reading or studying.

If that's the case, that could also help explain why higher IQ children tend to be more nearsighted.

So far, the correlations we've talked about might be interesting, but they're not useful.

So are there useful IQ correlations that can help us guide how to live our lives?

Well, there are actual useful IQ links that can guide our choices.

One is toxins, such as lead poisoning, especially in children, which have been linked to lower IQs.

Two, sleep apnea.

If you wake up not feeling rested and you snore really loudly,

you may want to get checked out by a doctor because sleep apnea is actually treatable.

Three is high blood pressure especially as an older adult.

High blood pressure is linked to a reduction in IQ over time.

The fourth perhaps most surprisingly is adult hearing loss.

When older adults lose their hearing it tends to precede reductions in IQ.

We don't know for sure that it's causal

but I think it's worth being aware of and treating your hearing loss is good for other reasons as well.

There's also the other category, which are positive choices that are linked to higher IQ.

That includes getting proper nutrition, especially as a child.

It also includes boring but incredibly important things like having a healthy diet and exercising regularly.

As a caveat here, we can't always be certain about the causal role that these things play.

For instance, it's known that worse childhood nutrition is linked to lower IQ, but that could be because of other factors.

Like maybe childhood poverty is linked both to worse nutrition and to lower IQ.

All of that being said, I think for a number of these, we have pretty good reason to think that there is a causal role,

especially things like head trauma and high blood pressure.

However, the most important thing to know about cognitive ability, in my opinion, is

that you can get better at absolutely any task you choose simply by practicing it and getting good feedback.

You don't need to improve your IQ in order to get better at anything you care about.

Someone who's diligently studied math for 10 years is absolutely going

to blow out of the water at math someone who has 10 IQ points higher who hasn't studied math at all.

What about beliefs?

Are there any interesting correlations between IQ and what people believe?

Well, fascinatingly, higher IQ people tend to be less religious.

It's not known why this is.

There's different theories.

Most people in the world are born into a religion and most people stay with whatever religion they're born into.

So it's possible that what's going on here is

that higher IQ people are simply more likely to question whatever belief system they're born into.

It's also interesting that higher IQ people tend to be more likely to support the free speech of people they disagree with.

Even if they oppose what a group stands for, whether it's Christian fundamentalists or neo -Nazis,

they're more likely to express support for that group being able to express their opinions, hold public demonstrations, and be involved in public debates.

what about things that you'd expect to be correlated with iq

but actually aren't well one of the strangest is that you think

that people with higher iqs would tend to be happier

because they tend to be wealthier they tend to be better at getting certain types of jobs

and in theory they should be able to problem solve better in their lives

but in fact there is no link between iq and life satisfaction

or happiness this is a genuine mystery that nobody has really resolved.

If IQ is about being able to use your mind to effectively achieve goals,

then why does it fail at getting people the thing that almost everyone wants?

But this shows very clearly that IQ is very far from giving you everything you want in life.

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It doesn't even give you happiness.

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A lot of people also expect that IQ is linked to conscientiousness or diligence or hard work or being organized.

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But actually, studies tend to find that has either no correlation or a very small negative correlation.

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It might be the case that people who are more conscientious tend to seem smarter.

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Maybe they're more diligent about studying.

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Maybe they have more knowledge.

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Maybe they're more likely to stay in school, but they don't actually have higher IQs.

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Those that say IQ is meaningless are actually just scientifically wrong.

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It predicts lots of interesting things, but IQ is also very far from everything that matters it can't even predict how happy you are.

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If you're interested in using psychology to improve your life, I'd love it if you check out my new book, The 12 Levers.

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My co -author and I deep dive on over 100 self -improvement books and over 20 types of therapy.

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And every time they give a method or technique, we extracted it.

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And through analyzing that, we came to a surprising conclusion.

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There are only 12 main psychological strategies you can use to improve your life.

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And in the book, The 12

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Lovers, we teach you what those strategies are and how to use them.

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You can buy it now at 12loversbook .com.

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Subscribe to this channel for more deep dives on psychology every week.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: higher, tend, linked, likely. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 117개와 단어 1672개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:41입니다. 화자는 분당 약 193단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
skill 명사	/skɪl/	기술, 스킬
predict 동사	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	예언하다, 예측하다
profound 형용사	/pɹəˈfaʊnd/	심오한
intelligent 형용사	/ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/	똑똑하다, 똑똑한
dive 동사	/daɪv/	잠수하다
nutrition 명사	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	영양
belief 명사	/bɪˈliːf/	믿음
happiness 명사	/ˈhæpinɪs/	행복, 기쁨
reduction 명사	/ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/	환원
psychology 명사	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	심리학
surprisingly 부사	/səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/	뜻밖에, 놀랍게도
technique 명사	/tɛkˈniːk/	기술
element 명사	/ˈɛləmənt/	요소
poverty 명사	/ˈpɑːvɚti/	가난, 빈곤
mystery 명사	/ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/	신비, 미스터리

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
wake up 동사	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	눈뜨다, 일어나다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	have been found · is actually associated · is actually linked
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	People who believe · people who wear · children, which have
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have been found · we've talked · have been linked

주의할 발음

화자는 they're, can't, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 32번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: math /mæθ/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: dive /daɪv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, solve /sɒlv/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, skill, predict, profound 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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