ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ
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117 ประโยค
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When you think about IQ, you might think about scientists like Einstein,
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or about nerds who'd rather read an academic paper than talk to another human being.
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But I'm going to tell you about some of the strangest things that have been found to correlate with IQ,
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including in our own giant IQ study involving over 3 ,000 people and in the work of other researchers.
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So what is IQ?
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Well, it's a standardized score that's designed to test cognitive ability, essentially what intelligence tasks measured in a lab have in common.
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So if you give people a wide range of intelligence tasks, let's say logic puzzles, math,
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spelling, vocabulary, and then you calculate a score that best predicts your performance at all of these different tasks, that's a measure of IQ.
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It doesn't necessarily predict how good you are socially or morally
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or whether you're good at the sort of things that hunter -gatherers tended to be good at.
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Now as we all know, a formless void serves the mechanics of destiny and interdependence is an unparalleled element of all experience.
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But what I just said is total pseudo -profound bullshit.
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And fascinatingly, in our study, when we gave people statements like these and asked them to rate how profound they are,
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higher IQ people tend to rate them as less profound.
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In other words, they seemed better at calling out bullshit.
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Perhaps this is because people with higher IQs are less likely to assume
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that just because they don't understand something that it's actually meaningful.
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If you watch intellectuals on podcasts, you'll actually see this quite a bit.
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They'll say something that sounds profound, but doesn't really have any meaning.
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And the audience, not understanding it, assumes that it must be really deep and gives them the benefit of the doubt.
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When you hear things like this, I recommend deep diving and saying, well, what does this mean really?
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As the second child born in my family, I find this next one especially interesting.
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IQ is actually associated with being the firstborn child.
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It's debated why this is, but one theory is that it has to do with parental investment.
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If you only have one child, you can devote more time to raising them.
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And time -use surveys suggest that this might actually be the case, that parents put more time into raising their firstborn child.
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So perhaps this extra parental investment leads a child to have higher IQ over time.
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We're not talking about a huge difference here, we're just talking about a few IQ points, but it's interesting that there's a difference at all.
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Next, I want to tell you about one of the funniest correlations we found in our giant study of IQ.
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Who do you think has higher IQs on average?
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People who believe they can figure out solutions to societal problems, or people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems?
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Well, it turns out in our study, people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems actually tended to have higher IQs,
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perhaps because they were more aware of how incredibly difficult it is to figure out those kinds of solutions.
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You might think that the explanation for this is the Dunning -Kruger effect.
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People sometimes mistakenly think that the Dunning -Kruger effect is that lower -skilled people think that they're better than higher -skilled people,
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but that's actually not what it is.
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The Dunning -Kruger effect says that lower -skilled people tend to overestimate their ability,
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not that they tend to think their ability is higher than higher -skilled people.
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So this is different than the Dunning -Kruger effect.
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There's a stereotype that nerdy people are more intelligent and more likely to wear glasses.
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And many people believe that wearing glasses gives you an air of being intelligent.
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Fascinatingly though, when a study tested this idea by showing faces of people either with glasses or without,
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people did not perceive them as being more intelligent when they had glasses.
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But, perhaps surprisingly, there actually is a link between IQ and nearsightedness.
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In other words, people who wear glasses probably are a little bit higher IQ on average.
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Why on earth would there be a link between IQ and nearsightedness though?
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Well, there's a couple different theories.
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One theory is that nearsightedness is actually linked to the amount of light exposure you get when you're young.
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So if higher IQ children are more likely to stay indoors rather than spending outdoor time playing,
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this could actually possibly explain why they tend to be more nearsighted.
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Another theory is that nearsightedness is linked to close -up work such as reading or studying.
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If that's the case, that could also help explain why higher IQ children tend to be more nearsighted.
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So far, the correlations we've talked about might be interesting, but they're not useful.
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So are there useful IQ correlations that can help us guide how to live our lives?
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Well, there are actual useful IQ links that can guide our choices.
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One is toxins, such as lead poisoning, especially in children, which have been linked to lower IQs.
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Two, sleep apnea.
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If you wake up not feeling rested and you snore really loudly,
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you may want to get checked out by a doctor because sleep apnea is actually treatable.
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Three is high blood pressure especially as an older adult.
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High blood pressure is linked to a reduction in IQ over time.
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The fourth perhaps most surprisingly is adult hearing loss.
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When older adults lose their hearing it tends to precede reductions in IQ.
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We don't know for sure that it's causal
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but I think it's worth being aware of and treating your hearing loss is good for other reasons as well.
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There's also the other category, which are positive choices that are linked to higher IQ.
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That includes getting proper nutrition, especially as a child.
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It also includes boring but incredibly important things like having a healthy diet and exercising regularly.
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As a caveat here, we can't always be certain about the causal role that these things play.
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For instance, it's known that worse childhood nutrition is linked to lower IQ, but that could be because of other factors.
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Like maybe childhood poverty is linked both to worse nutrition and to lower IQ.
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All of that being said, I think for a number of these, we have pretty good reason to think that there is a causal role,
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especially things like head trauma and high blood pressure.
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However, the most important thing to know about cognitive ability, in my opinion, is
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that you can get better at absolutely any task you choose simply by practicing it and getting good feedback.
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You don't need to improve your IQ in order to get better at anything you care about.
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Someone who's diligently studied math for 10 years is absolutely going
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to blow out of the water at math someone who has 10 IQ points higher who hasn't studied math at all.
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What about beliefs?
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Are there any interesting correlations between IQ and what people believe?
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Well, fascinatingly, higher IQ people tend to be less religious.
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It's not known why this is.
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There's different theories.
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Most people in the world are born into a religion and most people stay with whatever religion they're born into.
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So it's possible that what's going on here is
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that higher IQ people are simply more likely to question whatever belief system they're born into.
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It's also interesting that higher IQ people tend to be more likely to support the free speech of people they disagree with.
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Even if they oppose what a group stands for, whether it's Christian fundamentalists or neo -Nazis,
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they're more likely to express support for that group being able to express their opinions, hold public demonstrations, and be involved in public debates.
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what about things that you'd expect to be correlated with iq
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but actually aren't well one of the strangest is that you think
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that people with higher iqs would tend to be happier
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because they tend to be wealthier they tend to be better at getting certain types of jobs
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and in theory they should be able to problem solve better in their lives
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but in fact there is no link between iq and life satisfaction
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or happiness this is a genuine mystery that nobody has really resolved.
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If IQ is about being able to use your mind to effectively achieve goals,
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then why does it fail at getting people the thing that almost everyone wants?
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But this shows very clearly that IQ is very far from giving you everything you want in life.
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It doesn't even give you happiness.
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A lot of people also expect that IQ is linked to conscientiousness or diligence or hard work or being organized.
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But actually, studies tend to find that has either no correlation or a very small negative correlation.
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It might be the case that people who are more conscientious tend to seem smarter.
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Maybe they're more diligent about studying.
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Maybe they have more knowledge.
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Maybe they're more likely to stay in school, but they don't actually have higher IQs.
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Those that say IQ is meaningless are actually just scientifically wrong.
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It predicts lots of interesting things, but IQ is also very far from everything that matters it can't even predict how happy you are.
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If you're interested in using psychology to improve your life, I'd love it if you check out my new book, The 12 Levers.
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My co -author and I deep dive on over 100 self -improvement books and over 20 types of therapy.
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And every time they give a method or technique, we extracted it.
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And through analyzing that, we came to a surprising conclusion.
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There are only 12 main psychological strategies you can use to improve your life.
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And in the book, The 12
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Lovers, we teach you what those strategies are and how to use them.
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You can buy it now at 12loversbook .com.
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Subscribe to this channel for more deep dives on psychology every week.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: higher, tend, linked, likely วิดีโอนี้มี 117 ประโยค และ 1672 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 8:41 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 193 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| correlation คำนาม | /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ | สหสัมพันธ์ |
| predict คำกริยา | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | ทำนาย |
| intelligent คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ | ฉลาด |
| dive คำกริยา | /daɪv/ | ดำ |
| nutrition คำนาม | /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | โภชนาการ, โภชนา |
| happiness คำนาม | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | ความสุข |
| psychology คำนาม | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | จิตวิทยา |
| surprisingly คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ | /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/ | อย่างแปลกใจ |
| necessarily คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | ต้อง |
| technique คำนาม | /tɛkˈniːk/ | เทคนิค, กลเม็ด |
| element คำนาม | /ˈɛləmənt/ | ธาตุ |
| poverty คำนาม | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ความจน, ความยากจน |
| mystery คำนาม | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | ความลี้ลับ, รหัสยภาวะ |
| explanation คำนาม | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | การอธิบาย |
| solve คำกริยา | /sɒlv/ | แก้, แก้ไข |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| wake up คำกริยา | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | ตื่น, ตื่นนอน |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | have been found · is actually associated · is actually linked |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | People who believe · people who wear · children, which have |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been found · we've talked · have been linked |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 32 ครั้ง เช่น they're, can't, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: math /mæθ/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: math /mæθ/, skill /skɪl/, dive /daɪv/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: dive /daɪv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, solve /sɒlv/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง correlation, predict, intelligent เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ