シャドーイング練習: The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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When you think about IQ, you might think about scientists like Einstein,

or about nerds who'd rather read an academic paper than talk to another human being.

But I'm going to tell you about some of the strangest things that have been found to correlate with IQ,

including in our own giant IQ study involving over 3 ,000 people and in the work of other researchers.

So what is IQ?

Well, it's a standardized score that's designed to test cognitive ability, essentially what intelligence tasks measured in a lab have in common.

So if you give people a wide range of intelligence tasks, let's say logic puzzles, math,

spelling, vocabulary, and then you calculate a score that best predicts your performance at all of these different tasks, that's a measure of IQ.

It doesn't necessarily predict how good you are socially or morally

or whether you're good at the sort of things that hunter -gatherers tended to be good at.

Now as we all know, a formless void serves the mechanics of destiny and interdependence is an unparalleled element of all experience.

But what I just said is total pseudo -profound bullshit.

And fascinatingly, in our study, when we gave people statements like these and asked them to rate how profound they are,

higher IQ people tend to rate them as less profound.

In other words, they seemed better at calling out bullshit.

Perhaps this is because people with higher IQs are less likely to assume

that just because they don't understand something that it's actually meaningful.

If you watch intellectuals on podcasts, you'll actually see this quite a bit.

They'll say something that sounds profound, but doesn't really have any meaning.

And the audience, not understanding it, assumes that it must be really deep and gives them the benefit of the doubt.

When you hear things like this, I recommend deep diving and saying, well, what does this mean really?

As the second child born in my family, I find this next one especially interesting.

IQ is actually associated with being the firstborn child.

It's debated why this is, but one theory is that it has to do with parental investment.

If you only have one child, you can devote more time to raising them.

And time -use surveys suggest that this might actually be the case, that parents put more time into raising their firstborn child.

So perhaps this extra parental investment leads a child to have higher IQ over time.

We're not talking about a huge difference here, we're just talking about a few IQ points, but it's interesting that there's a difference at all.

Next, I want to tell you about one of the funniest correlations we found in our giant study of IQ.

Who do you think has higher IQs on average?

People who believe they can figure out solutions to societal problems, or people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems?

Well, it turns out in our study, people who believe they can't figure out solutions to societal problems actually tended to have higher IQs,

perhaps because they were more aware of how incredibly difficult it is to figure out those kinds of solutions.

You might think that the explanation for this is the Dunning -Kruger effect.

People sometimes mistakenly think that the Dunning -Kruger effect is that lower -skilled people think that they're better than higher -skilled people,

but that's actually not what it is.

The Dunning -Kruger effect says that lower -skilled people tend to overestimate their ability,

not that they tend to think their ability is higher than higher -skilled people.

So this is different than the Dunning -Kruger effect.

There's a stereotype that nerdy people are more intelligent and more likely to wear glasses.

And many people believe that wearing glasses gives you an air of being intelligent.

Fascinatingly though, when a study tested this idea by showing faces of people either with glasses or without,

people did not perceive them as being more intelligent when they had glasses.

But, perhaps surprisingly, there actually is a link between IQ and nearsightedness.

In other words, people who wear glasses probably are a little bit higher IQ on average.

Why on earth would there be a link between IQ and nearsightedness though?

Well, there's a couple different theories.

One theory is that nearsightedness is actually linked to the amount of light exposure you get when you're young.

So if higher IQ children are more likely to stay indoors rather than spending outdoor time playing,

this could actually possibly explain why they tend to be more nearsighted.

Another theory is that nearsightedness is linked to close -up work such as reading or studying.

If that's the case, that could also help explain why higher IQ children tend to be more nearsighted.

So far, the correlations we've talked about might be interesting, but they're not useful.

So are there useful IQ correlations that can help us guide how to live our lives?

Well, there are actual useful IQ links that can guide our choices.

One is toxins, such as lead poisoning, especially in children, which have been linked to lower IQs.

Two, sleep apnea.

If you wake up not feeling rested and you snore really loudly,

you may want to get checked out by a doctor because sleep apnea is actually treatable.

Three is high blood pressure especially as an older adult.

High blood pressure is linked to a reduction in IQ over time.

The fourth perhaps most surprisingly is adult hearing loss.

When older adults lose their hearing it tends to precede reductions in IQ.

We don't know for sure that it's causal

but I think it's worth being aware of and treating your hearing loss is good for other reasons as well.

There's also the other category, which are positive choices that are linked to higher IQ.

That includes getting proper nutrition, especially as a child.

It also includes boring but incredibly important things like having a healthy diet and exercising regularly.

As a caveat here, we can't always be certain about the causal role that these things play.

For instance, it's known that worse childhood nutrition is linked to lower IQ, but that could be because of other factors.

Like maybe childhood poverty is linked both to worse nutrition and to lower IQ.

All of that being said, I think for a number of these, we have pretty good reason to think that there is a causal role,

especially things like head trauma and high blood pressure.

However, the most important thing to know about cognitive ability, in my opinion, is

that you can get better at absolutely any task you choose simply by practicing it and getting good feedback.

You don't need to improve your IQ in order to get better at anything you care about.

Someone who's diligently studied math for 10 years is absolutely going

to blow out of the water at math someone who has 10 IQ points higher who hasn't studied math at all.

What about beliefs?

Are there any interesting correlations between IQ and what people believe?

Well, fascinatingly, higher IQ people tend to be less religious.

It's not known why this is.

There's different theories.

Most people in the world are born into a religion and most people stay with whatever religion they're born into.

So it's possible that what's going on here is

that higher IQ people are simply more likely to question whatever belief system they're born into.

It's also interesting that higher IQ people tend to be more likely to support the free speech of people they disagree with.

Even if they oppose what a group stands for, whether it's Christian fundamentalists or neo -Nazis,

they're more likely to express support for that group being able to express their opinions, hold public demonstrations, and be involved in public debates.

what about things that you'd expect to be correlated with iq

but actually aren't well one of the strangest is that you think

that people with higher iqs would tend to be happier

because they tend to be wealthier they tend to be better at getting certain types of jobs

and in theory they should be able to problem solve better in their lives

but in fact there is no link between iq and life satisfaction

or happiness this is a genuine mystery that nobody has really resolved.

If IQ is about being able to use your mind to effectively achieve goals,

then why does it fail at getting people the thing that almost everyone wants?

But this shows very clearly that IQ is very far from giving you everything you want in life.

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It doesn't even give you happiness.

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A lot of people also expect that IQ is linked to conscientiousness or diligence or hard work or being organized.

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But actually, studies tend to find that has either no correlation or a very small negative correlation.

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It might be the case that people who are more conscientious tend to seem smarter.

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Maybe they're more diligent about studying.

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Maybe they have more knowledge.

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Maybe they're more likely to stay in school, but they don't actually have higher IQs.

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Those that say IQ is meaningless are actually just scientifically wrong.

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It predicts lots of interesting things, but IQ is also very far from everything that matters it can't even predict how happy you are.

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If you're interested in using psychology to improve your life, I'd love it if you check out my new book, The 12 Levers.

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My co -author and I deep dive on over 100 self -improvement books and over 20 types of therapy.

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And every time they give a method or technique, we extracted it.

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And through analyzing that, we came to a surprising conclusion.

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There are only 12 main psychological strategies you can use to improve your life.

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And in the book, The 12

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Lovers, we teach you what those strategies are and how to use them.

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You can buy it now at 12loversbook .com.

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Subscribe to this channel for more deep dives on psychology every week.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：higher, tend, linked, likely。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が117文、単語が1672語あります。音声の長さは8:41です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約193語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
correlation 名詞	/ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/	相関
skill 名詞	/skɪl/	腕, 技
predict 動詞	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	予言する
intelligent 形容詞	/ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/	聡明な, 賢い
dive 動詞	/daɪv/	潜る
nutrition 名詞	/njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	営養, 栄養
belief 名詞	/bɪˈliːf/	確信
happiness 名詞	/ˈhæpinɪs/	幸福, 幸せ
reduction 名詞	/ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/	還元
psychology 名詞	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	心理学, サイコロジー
surprisingly 副詞	/səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/	驚くほど, 意外に
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術
element 名詞	/ˈɛləmənt/	要素, エレメント
poverty 名詞	/ˈpɑːvɚti/	貧乏, 貧困
mystery 名詞	/ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/	ミステリー, 不思議

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
check out 動詞		試験する, 検査する
wake up 動詞	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	目覚める, 目を覚ます

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	have been found · is actually associated · is actually linked
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	People who believe · people who wear · children, which have
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have been found · we've talked · have been linked

注意したい発音

話し手はthey're, can't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を32回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: math /mæθ/, wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/
「sh」と「zh」の音: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, parental /pəˈɹɛn.təl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: dive /daɪv/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, solve /sɒlv/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。correlation, skill, predictなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: The Strangest Things that Correlate with IQ - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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