쉐도잉 연습: The world is poorly designed. But copying nature helps. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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In 1989, Japan's Shinkansen bullet train had a problem.

It was fast, really fast, like pushing 170 miles per hour fast.

But every time it exited a tunnel, it was loud.

The noise was coming from a variety of sources, but whenever a train sped into a tunnel, it pushed waves of atmospheric pressure through the other end.

The air exited tunnels with a sonic boom that could be heard 400 meters away.

In dense residential areas, that was a huge problem.

So an engineering team was brought in to design a quieter, faster, and more efficient train.

And they had one secret weapon.

Eiji Nakatsu, the general manager of the technical development department, was a bird watcher.

Different components of the redesigned bullet train were based on different birds.

owls inspired the pantograph that's the rig that connects the train to the electric wires above

nakatsu modeled the redesign after their feathers reducing noise by using the same serrations and curvature

that allow them to silently swoop down to catch prey the adeli penguin whose smooth body allows it to swim

and slide effortlessly inspired the pantograph supporting shaft redesigned for lower wind resistance.

And perhaps most notable of all was the kingfisher.

The kingfisher is a bird that dives into water to catch its prey.

The unique shape of its beak allows it to do that while barely making a splash.

Nakatsu took that shape to the design table.

The team shot bullets shaped like different train -nose models down a pipe to measure pressure waves

and dropped them into water to measure the splash size.

The quietest nose design was the one modeled most closely after the Kingfisher's beak.

When the redesign debuted in 1997, it was 10 % faster, used 15 % less electricity, and stayed under the 70 decibel noise limit in residential areas.

And it did all that with the wings of an owl, the belly of a penguin, and the nose of a Kingfisher.

There's a name for design like this.

It's called biomimicry.

The people who design our world usually never take a biology class, believe it or not.

So they're novices in how the world works.

That's Janine Benyus.

Back in 1997, she wrote the book that coined the term biomimicry.

It told the story of the innovations in computing, energy, and health that were inspired by structures in the natural world.

Stick like a gecko, compute like a cell, even run a business like a redwood forest.

Benyus has since worked as a consultant for various companies, trying to get them to understand how to take design ideas from nature.

That might mean studying prairie dog burrows to build better air ventilation systems, mimicking shark skin to create bacteria -resistant plastic surfaces for hospitals,

or arranging wind turbines in the same drag -reducing pattern that schools of fish swim in.

Designers get inspiration from a lot of different places, but Benyus thinks many of them could benefit from looking more at the natural world.

So there's a lot of sort of looking at what other people have done

and what they do is they look at all the others and they get ideas.

They literally do, you know, a lot of designers have lots of magazines that they look through.

They They tear those out and they put them on inspiration boards.

But they're looking at other human technologies.

Her idea was simple.

Designers should get in the habit of bringing a biologist to the table and let them help solve problems by mimicking nature.

And there are three main ways they can do that.

You know, you can mimic its form or its shape.

You might create a paint for a building that when it dries, it's got the same structure as self -cleaning leaves.

Lotus leaves are notoriously great.

They let rainwater clean the leaf because they have these bumps.

The rainwater balls up on the bumps and then it pearls away the dirt.

So that lotus effect is physical.

And you can create a physical structure on the outside of any product.

Imagine that on the outside of your car.

Rainwater would clean your car.

So that's mimicking form.

But there's also a mimicking process the processes in the natural

world it might even be you know how you mimic how

ants communicate in order to efficiently find sources of food

or new new places to live and those processes

that self -organization has been mimicked in software you know in things like all you know autonomous cars

and how they're gonna move in flocks through the city by talking to one another that's mimicking nature's process

and then you jump up

to the level of mimicking whole ecosystems right there's a thing

called that's a buzzword right now that's really hot called the circular economy

which is essentially you know industry saying you know there are

there's no there should be no such thing as a byproduct in our manufacturing facility

that goes to landfill it should be used by something else right

and at the end of a product's life

that product should be upcycled into something else it's being called the circular economy ecosystems do

that really really really well you've got a log on the forest floor

and those materials move up into the body of the fungus that eats it those materials move up into a

mouse and that mouse material moves up into a hawk right

and if you think about

that is what we'd like to do with local materials being

upcycled constantly in our cities for instance those These ecosystem lessons are really big for us.

And that's the end goal for biomimetic design, making products, systems, and cities functionally indistinguishable from the natural world.

Life has been around on Earth for 3 .8 billion years, and what designers are starting to realize is that that is a lot of research and development time.

The people who design our world have a lot to learn from the natural world.

All they have to do is take a look.

Thank you so much for watching.

This is one of a series of videos that we're doing in collaboration with 99 % Invisible.

They are a podcast that does stories all about design.

We loved working with them.

You should definitely check them out at 99pi .org or on any podcast app.

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이 비디오는 누구를 위한 것인가요?

영어 회화 실력을 키우고 싶은 중급 이상 학습자에게 추천합니다. 자연과 기술의 관계에 대한 흥미로운 이야기를 통해 복잡한 주제를 명확히 전달하는 표현을 배울 수 있고, "바이오미미크리"와 같은 특수 용어도 익힐 수 있습니다. 특히 shadowing 연습에 적합한 콘텐츠로, 빠르지 않은 발음과 논리적인 흐름이 특징이어서 따라하기 쉽습니다. shadowspeak 또는 shadow speech 연습을 통해 실제 의사소통에서 사용되는 자연스러운 표현을 체화할 수 있습니다.

빼놓을 수 없는 단어와 관용구

sonic boom: 음속 폭발. "터널을 빠져나갈 때 발생하는 음속 폭발로 인해 소음 문제가 생겼습니다."
pantograph: 판토그래프. 전차가 전선에서 전력을 공급받는 장치. "부엉이의 깃털을 모방해 판토그래프의 소음을 줄였습니다."
biomimicry: 바이오미미크리. 자연의 구조나 과정을 모방한 디자인. "바이오미미크리를 통해 더 효율적인 제품을 개발할 수 있습니다."
self-cleaning: 자가 세척. "연꽃 잎의 자가 세척 효과를 모방한 페인트가 개발되었습니다."

어떻게 발음을 제대로 익힐까요?

이 비디오의 화자는 명확한 발음과 일정한 속도를 유지하며 이야기를 전달합니다. 특히 stress (강세)와 intonation (억양)에 주목해야 합니다. 예를 들어 "bi-o-MIM-ic-ry"에서 "MIM" 부분을 강조하며 발음하고, "circular economy"는 "SIR-kyuh-ler i-KON-uh-mee"로 발음합니다. shadowing site에서 연습할 때는 문장의 흐름을 따라가며 강세가 있는 단어를 명확히 내는 연습을 하세요. 또한 "the"나 "of"와 같은 관사나 전치사는 약하게 발음하여 자연스러운 흐름을 만들어보세요. 이렇게 하면 영어 발음의 리듬을 더 잘 이해할 수 있습니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	could be heard · was brought · were based
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have done · has been mimicked · has been
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who design

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: The world is poorly designed. But copying nature helps. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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어떻게 발음을 제대로 익힐까요?

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쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법