Shadowing Practice: The world is poorly designed. But copying nature helps. - Learn English Speaking with Video
Elige un modo de práctica
Cada modo abre una sala de práctica a pantalla completa.
82 oraciones
Si las oraciones son demasiado cortas o largas, haz clic en Editar para ajustarlas.
1
In 1989, Japan's Shinkansen bullet train had a problem.
2
It was fast, really fast, like pushing 170 miles per hour fast.
3
But every time it exited a tunnel, it was loud.
4
The noise was coming from a variety of sources, but whenever a train sped into a tunnel, it pushed waves of atmospheric pressure through the other end.
5
The air exited tunnels with a sonic boom that could be heard 400 meters away.
6
In dense residential areas, that was a huge problem.
7
So an engineering team was brought in to design a quieter, faster, and more efficient train.
8
And they had one secret weapon.
9
Eiji Nakatsu, the general manager of the technical development department, was a bird watcher.
10
Different components of the redesigned bullet train were based on different birds.
11
owls inspired the pantograph that's the rig that connects the train to the electric wires above
12
nakatsu modeled the redesign after their feathers reducing noise by using the same serrations and curvature
13
that allow them to silently swoop down to catch prey the adeli penguin whose smooth body allows it to swim
14
and slide effortlessly inspired the pantograph supporting shaft redesigned for lower wind resistance.
15
And perhaps most notable of all was the kingfisher.
16
The kingfisher is a bird that dives into water to catch its prey.
17
The unique shape of its beak allows it to do that while barely making a splash.
18
Nakatsu took that shape to the design table.
19
The team shot bullets shaped like different train -nose models down a pipe to measure pressure waves
20
and dropped them into water to measure the splash size.
21
The quietest nose design was the one modeled most closely after the Kingfisher's beak.
22
When the redesign debuted in 1997, it was 10 % faster, used 15 % less electricity, and stayed under the 70 decibel noise limit in residential areas.
23
And it did all that with the wings of an owl, the belly of a penguin, and the nose of a Kingfisher.
24
There's a name for design like this.
25
It's called biomimicry.
26
The people who design our world usually never take a biology class, believe it or not.
27
So they're novices in how the world works.
28
That's Janine Benyus.
29
Back in 1997, she wrote the book that coined the term biomimicry.
30
It told the story of the innovations in computing, energy, and health that were inspired by structures in the natural world.
31
Stick like a gecko, compute like a cell, even run a business like a redwood forest.
32
Benyus has since worked as a consultant for various companies, trying to get them to understand how to take design ideas from nature.
33
That might mean studying prairie dog burrows to build better air ventilation systems, mimicking shark skin to create bacteria -resistant plastic surfaces for hospitals,
34
or arranging wind turbines in the same drag -reducing pattern that schools of fish swim in.
35
Designers get inspiration from a lot of different places, but Benyus thinks many of them could benefit from looking more at the natural world.
36
So there's a lot of sort of looking at what other people have done
37
and what they do is they look at all the others and they get ideas.
38
They literally do, you know, a lot of designers have lots of magazines that they look through.
39
They They tear those out and they put them on inspiration boards.
40
But they're looking at other human technologies.
41
Her idea was simple.
42
Designers should get in the habit of bringing a biologist to the table and let them help solve problems by mimicking nature.
43
And there are three main ways they can do that.
44
You know, you can mimic its form or its shape.
45
You might create a paint for a building that when it dries, it's got the same structure as self -cleaning leaves.
46
Lotus leaves are notoriously great.
47
They let rainwater clean the leaf because they have these bumps.
48
The rainwater balls up on the bumps and then it pearls away the dirt.
49
So that lotus effect is physical.
50
And you can create a physical structure on the outside of any product.
51
Imagine that on the outside of your car.
52
Rainwater would clean your car.
53
So that's mimicking form.
54
But there's also a mimicking process the processes in the natural
55
world it might even be you know how you mimic how
56
ants communicate in order to efficiently find sources of food
57
or new new places to live and those processes
58
that self -organization has been mimicked in software you know in things like all you know autonomous cars
59
and how they're gonna move in flocks through the city by talking to one another that's mimicking nature's process
60
and then you jump up
61
to the level of mimicking whole ecosystems right there's a thing
62
called that's a buzzword right now that's really hot called the circular economy
63
which is essentially you know industry saying you know there are
64
there's no there should be no such thing as a byproduct in our manufacturing facility
65
that goes to landfill it should be used by something else right
66
and at the end of a product's life
67
that product should be upcycled into something else it's being called the circular economy ecosystems do
68
that really really really well you've got a log on the forest floor
69
and those materials move up into the body of the fungus that eats it those materials move up into a
70
mouse and that mouse material moves up into a hawk right
71
and if you think about
72
that is what we'd like to do with local materials being
73
upcycled constantly in our cities for instance those These ecosystem lessons are really big for us.
74
And that's the end goal for biomimetic design, making products, systems, and cities functionally indistinguishable from the natural world.
75
Life has been around on Earth for 3 .8 billion years, and what designers are starting to realize is that that is a lot of research and development time.
76
The people who design our world have a lot to learn from the natural world.
77
All they have to do is take a look.
78
Thank you so much for watching.
79
This is one of a series of videos that we're doing in collaboration with 99 % Invisible.
80
They are a podcast that does stories all about design.
81
We loved working with them.
82
You should definitely check them out at 99pi .org or on any podcast app.
Descargar app
Todo lo que necesitas para hablar con fluidez
Pronunciación con IAEvalúa cada oración
Práctica de IPADomina cada sonido
VocabularioConstruye tu banco de palabras
Juego de vocabularioAprende mientras juegas
Mismo canal
C11
Why financial literacy education in the US sucks
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
The surprising pattern behind color names around the world
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
White, pink, and brown noise, explained #shorts
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
Why are weddings so damn expensive?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Are headphones destroying our hearing?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The biggest peach myth in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Food waste is the world's dumbest problem
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Why AI art struggles with hands
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
Why is everything getting so expensive?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Recomendar Video
B24
172 oraciones
Urban Designer Answers City Planning Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B211
35 oraciones
The Art of Doing Anything Exceptionally Well ( even if you are not pro )
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B238
38 oraciones
Why Birds Migrate: A Chat with an Ornithologist
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2271
21 oraciones
Turn Off The Tap | Plastic Bank | David Katz 2 Minute TED Talk
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
C11
68 oraciones
System Design: Why is Kafka fast?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2142
24 oraciones
Is technology making us lazy and less intelligent? #FOREsight | MOTIVATIONAL BOOKS
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
197 oraciones
Inside The SpaceX Starfactory
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B29
212 oraciones
Systems Thinking Changes How You Solve Problems | B2 English Shadowing
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
165 oraciones
The World's Most Beautiful Bridge Just Opened
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
68 oraciones
A world where fish are no longer forced to climb trees.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B217
30 oraciones
People Need Biodiversity
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B27
12 oraciones
What Does A Design Manager Do In Construction?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
¿Qué aprenderás en esta lección?
En esta práctica, explorarás el fascinante mundo de la biomimética a través de un video que explica cómo la naturaleza inspira soluciones tecnológicas. Practicarás escuchar y repetir conceptos como "biomimicry" (biomimética), "sonic boom" (estallido sónico) y "circular economy" (economía circular), mientras mejoras tu pronunciación y fluidez. Además, descubrirás cómo la observación de la naturaleza puede transformar la forma en que diseñamos el mundo, todo mientras trabajas en tu capacidad de imitar el tono y la velocidad del inglés hablado.
Vocabulario y frases clave
- Biomimicry: (Biomimética) Diseño que imita procesos o formas de la naturaleza.
- Sonic boom: (Estallido sónico) Ruido producido por un objeto que supera la velocidad del sonido.
- Pantograph: (Pantógrafo) Dispositivo que conecta el tren a las cables eléctricas.
- Circular economy: (Economía circular) Sistema donde los residuos se reutilizan como recursos.
- Lotus effect: (Efecto loto) Propiedad de las hojas de loto que las hace autolimpiantes.
Consejos para practicar "shadowing"
El "shadowspeak" es una técnica ideal para este video, ya que combina explicaciones claras con ejemplos concretos. Aquí te ayudamos a hacerlo bien: 1. Escucha un fragmento corto (5-10 segundos) y repítelo inmediatamente, imitando la velocidad y el énfasis. El video tiene un tono conversacional pero informativo, así que presta atención a cómo se acentúan palabras como "Kingfisher" o "efficiency". 2. Usa un sitio de shadowing para grabarte y comparar tu pronunciación con la del narrador. Notarás que palabras como "serrations" (dientes) o "curvature" (curvatura) tienen una entonación suave que debes reproducir. 3. Practica con frases largas, como las que explican el diseño del tren bala, para mejorar tu respiración y fluidez. Recuerda: el objetivo del "shadow speak" no es memorizar, sino adaptar tu habla al ritmo natural del inglés. ¡La naturaleza y el lenguaje tienen mucho en común: ambos se aprenden imitando!
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | could be heard · was brought · were based |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have done · has been mimicked · has been |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who design |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.