Практика Shadowing: The world is poorly designed. But copying nature helps. - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.

82 предложений

Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.

In 1989, Japan's Shinkansen bullet train had a problem.

It was fast, really fast, like pushing 170 miles per hour fast.

But every time it exited a tunnel, it was loud.

The noise was coming from a variety of sources, but whenever a train sped into a tunnel, it pushed waves of atmospheric pressure through the other end.

The air exited tunnels with a sonic boom that could be heard 400 meters away.

In dense residential areas, that was a huge problem.

So an engineering team was brought in to design a quieter, faster, and more efficient train.

And they had one secret weapon.

Eiji Nakatsu, the general manager of the technical development department, was a bird watcher.

Different components of the redesigned bullet train were based on different birds.

owls inspired the pantograph that's the rig that connects the train to the electric wires above

nakatsu modeled the redesign after their feathers reducing noise by using the same serrations and curvature

that allow them to silently swoop down to catch prey the adeli penguin whose smooth body allows it to swim

and slide effortlessly inspired the pantograph supporting shaft redesigned for lower wind resistance.

And perhaps most notable of all was the kingfisher.

The kingfisher is a bird that dives into water to catch its prey.

The unique shape of its beak allows it to do that while barely making a splash.

Nakatsu took that shape to the design table.

The team shot bullets shaped like different train -nose models down a pipe to measure pressure waves

and dropped them into water to measure the splash size.

The quietest nose design was the one modeled most closely after the Kingfisher's beak.

When the redesign debuted in 1997, it was 10 % faster, used 15 % less electricity, and stayed under the 70 decibel noise limit in residential areas.

And it did all that with the wings of an owl, the belly of a penguin, and the nose of a Kingfisher.

There's a name for design like this.

It's called biomimicry.

The people who design our world usually never take a biology class, believe it or not.

So they're novices in how the world works.

That's Janine Benyus.

Back in 1997, she wrote the book that coined the term biomimicry.

It told the story of the innovations in computing, energy, and health that were inspired by structures in the natural world.

Stick like a gecko, compute like a cell, even run a business like a redwood forest.

Benyus has since worked as a consultant for various companies, trying to get them to understand how to take design ideas from nature.

That might mean studying prairie dog burrows to build better air ventilation systems, mimicking shark skin to create bacteria -resistant plastic surfaces for hospitals,

or arranging wind turbines in the same drag -reducing pattern that schools of fish swim in.

Designers get inspiration from a lot of different places, but Benyus thinks many of them could benefit from looking more at the natural world.

So there's a lot of sort of looking at what other people have done

and what they do is they look at all the others and they get ideas.

They literally do, you know, a lot of designers have lots of magazines that they look through.

They They tear those out and they put them on inspiration boards.

But they're looking at other human technologies.

Her idea was simple.

Designers should get in the habit of bringing a biologist to the table and let them help solve problems by mimicking nature.

And there are three main ways they can do that.

You know, you can mimic its form or its shape.

You might create a paint for a building that when it dries, it's got the same structure as self -cleaning leaves.

Lotus leaves are notoriously great.

They let rainwater clean the leaf because they have these bumps.

The rainwater balls up on the bumps and then it pearls away the dirt.

So that lotus effect is physical.

And you can create a physical structure on the outside of any product.

Imagine that on the outside of your car.

Rainwater would clean your car.

So that's mimicking form.

But there's also a mimicking process the processes in the natural

world it might even be you know how you mimic how

ants communicate in order to efficiently find sources of food

or new new places to live and those processes

that self -organization has been mimicked in software you know in things like all you know autonomous cars

and how they're gonna move in flocks through the city by talking to one another that's mimicking nature's process

and then you jump up

to the level of mimicking whole ecosystems right there's a thing

called that's a buzzword right now that's really hot called the circular economy

which is essentially you know industry saying you know there are

there's no there should be no such thing as a byproduct in our manufacturing facility

that goes to landfill it should be used by something else right

and at the end of a product's life

that product should be upcycled into something else it's being called the circular economy ecosystems do

that really really really well you've got a log on the forest floor

and those materials move up into the body of the fungus that eats it those materials move up into a

mouse and that mouse material moves up into a hawk right

and if you think about

that is what we'd like to do with local materials being

upcycled constantly in our cities for instance those These ecosystem lessons are really big for us.

And that's the end goal for biomimetic design, making products, systems, and cities functionally indistinguishable from the natural world.

Life has been around on Earth for 3 .8 billion years, and what designers are starting to realize is that that is a lot of research and development time.

The people who design our world have a lot to learn from the natural world.

All they have to do is take a look.

Thank you so much for watching.

This is one of a series of videos that we're doing in collaboration with 99 % Invisible.

They are a podcast that does stories all about design.

We loved working with them.

You should definitely check them out at 99pi .org or on any podcast app.

Скачать приложение

Всё для свободной речи

ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас

Игра со словамиУчитесь играя

Сканировать QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

Тот же канал

FOR YOU

Сценарий: Искусство копировать природу

Видео рассказывает о решении проблемы шумного поезда "Шинкансен" с помощью биомимикрии — подхода, который берет идеи у природы. Инженеры вдохновились совой, пингвином и щуром, чтобы создать быстрый, тихий и эффективный поезд. Этот сценарий идеально подходит для практики shadowing английский, так как он сочетает техническую лексику с увлекательной историей, тренируя восприятие речи на слух и ее повторение.

Полезные выражения и словосочетания

Biomimicry — биомимикрия (метод проектирования, копирующий природу)
Sonic boom — звуковой удар (шум, возникающий при превышении скорости звука)
Wind resistance — аэродинамическое сопротивление (сопротивление воздуха движущемуся объекту)
Circular economy — круговая экономика (модель, где отходы становятся ресурсами)
Self-cleaning — самоочищающийся (например, листья лотоса с такой свойством)

Ваше задание: практика shadowing

Для эффективного обучения английскому по видео используйте технику shadow speech: включите отрывок видео (15–20 секунд) с рассказом о щуре и поезде, слушайте внимательно интонацию и ритм, затем повторяйте речь сразу за спикером, стараясь совпадать по темпу и эмоциональному окрасу. Это поможет улучшить произношение и реакцию. Для тренировки используйте shadowing site или простые плееры с функцией повтора. Проведите 5–7 повторений — и вы заметите прогресс! Shadowspeaks — это не просто повторение, а способ влиться в речь, ощутить ее живость.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	could be heard · was brought · were based
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have done · has been mimicked · has been
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	people who design

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: The world is poorly designed. But copying nature helps. - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Скачать приложение

Why financial literacy education in the US sucks

The surprising pattern behind color names around the world

White, pink, and brown noise, explained #shorts

Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually

Why are weddings so damn expensive?

Are headphones destroying our hearing?

How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area

We’re already using AI more than we realize

The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?

The biggest peach myth in America

How to solve problems like a designer

The origin of the '80s aesthetic

Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal

How F1 drivers survive their own cars

Why 350°F is the magic number for baking

How did pink become a girly color?

The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice

Food waste is the world's dumbest problem

Why AI art struggles with hands

Why is everything getting so expensive?

Urban Designer Answers City Planning Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

The Art of Doing Anything Exceptionally Well ( even if you are not pro )

Why Birds Migrate: A Chat with an Ornithologist

Turn Off The Tap | Plastic Bank | David Katz 2 Minute TED Talk

System Design: Why is Kafka fast?

Is technology making us lazy and less intelligent? #FOREsight | MOTIVATIONAL BOOKS

Inside The SpaceX Starfactory

Systems Thinking Changes How You Solve Problems | B2 English Shadowing

The World's Most Beautiful Bridge Just Opened

A world where fish are no longer forced to climb trees.

People Need Biodiversity

What Does A Design Manager Do In Construction?

Сценарий: Искусство копировать природу

Полезные выражения и словосочетания

Ваше задание: практика shadowing

Грамматика в этом видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?