Практика Shadowing: Inside The SpaceX Starfactory - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
1
This is the Star Factory.
2
At over one million square feet, it is the biggest and most advanced rocket manufacturing plant in the world.
3
It's also the location where SpaceX is building their Starship.
4
And they are building a lot of them.
5
With just one Star Factory, SpaceX can build up to 365 Starships per year.
6
That's one rocket every single day.
7
To accomplish this, they need a factory unlike anything you've seen before, and inside the Star Factory, we will find a giant,
8
automated machine that is building rockets for the future of human space exploration.
9
It all begins with raw materials.
10
It's crazy to think that the majority of an epic starship rocket starts out looking like this.
11
Just a big roll of stainless steel.
12
The metal is about 4mm thick, and each sheet is 1.8m wide.
13
SpaceX uses their own custom blend for this stainless steel, which they've developed to handle the unique demands of a reusable rocket.
14
Of course, it needs to be strong, but that strength needs to be maintained from super low temperature conditions when the rocket takes off,
15
loaded with cryogenic fuel, all the way to super hot conditions when it comes screaming back through the atmosphere.
16
SpaceX Steel is actually strongest when it's cold, at the time when the rocket is under the heaviest load.
17
The metal also needs to be corrosion resistant because these reusable rockets need to last for a very long time,
18
and they'll spend most of that time hanging out in the salty sea air.
19
But at the same time, this particular alloy needs to be easy for the Star Factory to work with,
20
meaning it can be bent into shape and welded together without any complications.
21
This is the first real step in the manufacturing process, an automated machine that cuts sheets of metal from the rolls and welds them into rings.
22
Then the rings are stacked into segments of three or five, and everything is welded together by a robot arm
23
that circles around the stack and completes the job in one quick fluid motion.
24
There was a time where every Starship was hand-welded from top to bottom, but as SpaceX moves towards mass production,
25
they are automating every part of the process that they can.
26
Now, human welders are still responsible for attaching small parts that demand precision and adaptability, but all of the larger jobs have been handed off to machines.
27
Now, for the curved bits of the rocket, like the nose cone and the fuel tanks, the steel needs to be bent into shape before it can be welded together.
28
For this, SpaceX uses a process called hydroforming.
29
It's basically using a very high-pressure liquid to push the sheet of metal into a mold.
30
The amount of force used to bend steel like this can reach over 36,000 psi, which is twice the pressure you'd experience standing on the bottom of the ocean.
31
Once the parts are formed into shape, they go into the same rotating welding machine to make the pointy end of the nose cone.
32
Now, from here, different sections of the rocket will follow different paths through the Star Factory.
33
So it's not like a traditional production line, where everything flows down one big conveyor belt
34
and different parts get added on along the way until you end up with the finished product.
35
That's the concept that was originally popularized by Henry Ford back in the 1920s, and it's remained a manufacturing standard until today.
36
But this does not mean it's the best way to make a car or a rocket.
37
Hey, I've got three quick things I need to tell you about.
38
And hi, I'm Sean, and we are the actual humans behind the space race.
39
See this?
40
This is real After Effects animations being done live right now.
41
All of our 3D, all of our 2D is done by real people in the house.
42
No AI involved.
43
This is our render rig.
44
It costs us eight grand and it still takes a few days to sometimes weeks just to render out a 3D project.
45
That's Ted.
46
He's got a seven month old at home and he still gets up before her just to get work done. And this is Brady.
47
He's got a four month old at home and Jay behind the camera.
48
He's got two of his own.
49
So yeah, this team is basically running on caffeine and not much sleep.
50
Oh, and I've got a little fella on the way too, so if the upload schedule gets a little weird around October, you know why.
51
My point is we are all real people, and it takes real time and money to produce these videos.
52
So if you'd like to support us in any way, here's how.
53
First, we've got a free newsletter, thespacerace.news, all the most important weekly space news straight to your inbox.
54
Second, that join button gets you early access, plus behind the scenes on how we actually build this stuff.
55
And it is the most direct way to keep the lights on around here
56
and also help us not be so dependent on sponsorship money.
57
Third, we've got new merch, including a shirt that says, I love Uranus.
58
Yes, we know exactly what we're doing and we have no regrets.
59
So read the newsletter, join as a member on the channel, buy the merch, or just continue watching the videos, whatever works for you.
60
No matter what, thank you for supporting the channel and the people behind it.
61
The unique thing about SpaceX is
62
that the man in charge has just as much experience building cars as he does building rockets.
63
Elon Musk has developed with his engineers at Tesla is a new approach to mass production
64
that replaces the singular production line with parallel manufacturing.
65
Tesla calls it the unboxed method.
66
So instead of treating the car like a box that you need to put stuff in, they break the vehicle apart into chunks front, back, left, and right,
67
and then they build each one of those chunks simultaneously at
68
different production stations before bringing it all together in one final assembly.
69
Now, SpaceX doesn't call their manufacturing process unboxed.
70
Rockets are more tube-shaped, and untubed doesn't sound very cutting-edge,
71
but Elon Musk has described production inside the Star Factory as a linear-adjacent flow, which does sound really technical,
72
but I'm pretty sure it means the same thing as what we just described with unboxed.
73
So one of the really cool aspects of the Star Factory is the way
74
that they move pieces of the rocket from one production station to the next.
75
Because there's no big conveyor belt running through the middle, they need a mechanism that can move really large objects through these adjacent flows.
76
That's why the entire production floor is framed by this gridwork of steel beams.
77
They aren't there to hold the roof up.
78
They create a network of tracks for overhead cranes
79
that can lift a chunk of rocket straight up
80
and then carry it over to the next location where it's placed on one of these rotating stands
81
that spins the nine meter wide rings so that workers don't have to constantly be walking around with their tools, they just bring the work to them.
82
So what you end up with is all of these different rocket parts going through various stages of manufacturing, all in constant motion and under one roof.
83
Now, we can compare that to the way that NASA builds one of their rockets, like the Artemis program's space launch system, because the general rocket building strategy is not so different,
84
but the manufacturing takes place on a much larger scale.
85
SLS is not built in just one factory, it actually begins with several factories spread out across the United States,
86
from California to Utah and Louisiana, where different segments of the rocket are manufactured by separate contractors.
87
For Artemis missions, there are even parts of the spacecraft made in Europe. And then, all of these big chunks of rocket get loaded onto boats
88
or trucks or cargo airplanes and moved to NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building at Cape Canaveral, Florida, where the rocket is finally stacked from the ground up.
89
This is a large part of the reason why it's taken four years to launch two SLS rockets.
90
So inside the Star Factory, cranes and production stations take the place of a global supply chain.
91
That's how you go from one rocket per year to one rocket per day.
92
But there is one big similarity here, and that's the way that each segment of the rocket is built up independently before being brought together in the end.
93
If we break up our Starship the same way that Tesla breaks up a car, then we essentially have three big sections.
94
Top, middle, and bottom.
95
With the top consisting of the nose cone and payload bay, the middle essentially just being fuel tanks, and the bottom being where the engines go.
96
The Star Factory also makes super heavy boosters, which are a lot more simple on the top with just a ring that connects the two stages together,
97
but a lot more complicated at the bottom with 33 engines and all of the plumbing necessary to make them run.
98
We'll focus on the ship itself, because this is the part that actually needs to be mass-produced.
99
The booster can provide the muscle needed to reach space, then turn around and come right back to the launch site
100
and be ready to do it all again in about five minutes.
101
So you only need one or two of these per launch tower and you're good to go.
102
But the ships could spend hours or even days circling the Earth before they come back down.
103
Some might even fly to Mars, and even when they do come back, they'll need to be fitted with a new payload, which can also take a few days or weeks.
104
So in order to maintain a high launch frequency, which is what SpaceX will demand from these rockets,
105
you need many ships that are in various stages of flight at any given time.
106
So when you hear SpaceX talk about building one rocket every day, this is what they mean.
107
If we start from the top and work our way down, once the formed panels of the nose cone are welded together,
108
another robot arm is going to come in and start attaching these little pins all over the outside surface using spot welds.
109
These are anchor points for heat shield tiles, and that is our next step.
110
From the welding station, the nose cone is going to be lifted over to the thermal protection station.
111
Here the workers are going to install a black sheet over the entire protected surface of the nose cone.
112
This is a secondary heat shield material that can work like a backup if any of the main tiles ever fall off.
113
Over that goes a layer of white foam which provides insulation and folds up to fill the gaps in between tiles.
114
And then lastly, these black hexagons are pushed into place, workers line up three holes on the back of the tile with the pins on the rocket, and then they click to lock in.
115
SpaceX makes the tiles themselves in their bakery.
116
This is really not so different from the process used to make other glazed ceramic products like floor tiles or dinner plates,
117
and the Starship Bakery has a fully automated line that can produce over 1,000 hexagon tiles every day.
118
Eventually, that will scale up to 7,000 tiles per day.
119
Now, at the same time that our nosecone is being assembled, there are two smaller operations that are also running in parallel.
120
One is building header tanks.
121
These are small, round fuel tanks that are made of the same hydroforming stainless steel as the ship.
122
These hold only a small amount of propellant that gets used for the final landing burn, and they'll be mounted up inside the tip of the nosecone.
123
This is one of the biggest advantages with building in chunks.
124
If you had stacked the entire rocket first, and then tried to install a fuel tank up in the very top,
125
that would be a lot more difficult for the guys who are up there doing the plumbing work.
126
The second process that's happening is building out wing flaps.
127
Flat sheets of stainless steel are welded down to a frame
128
or die cast metal beams that include three hinge points for connecting to the ship.
129
A thin strip of stainless steel is rolled over to create the edge, and then the flap gets the same heat shield treatment as the ship.
130
Meanwhile, back on the nose cone, crews are welding attachment points for the flaps onto the outside,
131
while on the inside, electric motors that control the flap movements are mounted and wired up.
132
Then, overhead cranes lift the flaps into position while production teams bolt it all together.
133
At the same time that this is happening over at another station, the payload bay of the ship is being assembled.
134
This is made from three vertical rings of stainless steel.
135
On one side it gets the usual heat shield tile treatment, while on the other side crews begin cutting holes in the body.
136
Starship needs one long slot removed to make a payload door where Starlink satellites can exit.
137
It also needs two small round holes below that for docking ports
138
that will allow Starship to connect in space and transfer fuel.
139
The parallel operation going on here is building the Starlink payload rack.
140
It's a mechanism that holds a couple dozen satellites in a vertical stack, then deploys them one at a time while moving the rest up into position.
141
It's a lot like a PEZ candy dispenser, so that's what SpaceX nicknamed it.
142
Once that gets done, it gets hoisted by a crane, brought over and dropped down into the payload section,
143
and then a small door flap is installed to cover the slot and docking connectors cover the holes.
144
So now we've got two halves of the top section that have been built simultaneously along with their various sub-components.
145
Then all we need to do is hoist the pointy bit on top of the payload bay
146
and make another robotic weld around the outside to fuse them together.
147
This is why the Star Factory has a staggered roofline
148
that is lower at one end where the raw materials come in
149
and taller at the other end where assembled rocket sections come out.
150
Okay, so that's our top segment done, and at the same time that all of this work is going on, the bottom and middle sections of the ship are being made in the same kind of way.
151
There's generally one big job being done in parallel with two
152
or three smaller jobs that all come together to complete the segment.
153
And they aren't just building one nose cone at a time.
154
The Star is always in the process of building multiple rockets all at once.
155
So these are all of our adjacent flows, and while they might not appear to be linear right now,
156
we are about to see where everything converges at one single point, the Gigabay.
157
This building provides almost as much square footage as the Star Factory, but it then raises the roof to a height of 116 meters,
158
which works out to be 46 million cubic feet of internal volume.
159
For some scale, if you were to take six Costco's and smash them all together into one building, then stack that building another 13 Costco's high.
160
This is the same idea as NASA's Vertical Assembly Building.
161
It's the place where all of the big segments come together and a rocket is truly born.
162
NASA's vertical bay was originally designed in the 1960s to hold and assemble four Saturn V rockets simultaneously,
163
and this allowed NASA to actually launch four crewed Apollo Moon missions inside the span of just one year, which is pretty impressive.
164
The Star Factory Gigabay has enough stations to assemble 24 ships and boosters at one time,
165
allowing for 12 fully stacked Starship Superheavies to be finished simultaneously.
166
The first step in
167
that finishing process is to again hoist our rocket segments up on a crane and begin joining the top, middle, and bottom into one single unit.
168
Once that's done, work crews on different levels of the Gigabay start the job of tying this all together.
169
That means hooking up plumbing lines for fuel and compressed gases that the rocket needs to operate through flight.
170
They'll be wiring up all of the different systems so that the ship has power
171
from nose to tail attaching all of the final heat shield tiles
172
and running final checks to make sure
173
that this newly built rocket is ready to begin the final launch preparation and testing
174
there's only one thing that spacex doesn't do at the star factory
175
and that's make engines the raptor engines for a starship are
176
still made on a production line in hawthorne california then they're
177
trucked across the country to a testing facility in mcgregor texas where they they get fired up
178
and run under flight conditions to shake out any bugs, and then they are moved over to Starbase.
179
Engine installation is always the final piece of the puzzle.
180
The ship or booster will go through stress testing under simulated launch pressure first to verify
181
that the structure can actually hold up.
182
Then it might have a few of its engines installed, 3 out of 6 for a ship, or 10 out of 33 for a booster,
183
and there will be a hot fire test to make sure that the plumbing and electrical systems are all working as intended.
184
Only after these checks are done can a rocket return to the Gigabay to have its full engine count installed
185
and finally be considered ready for launch.
186
Now, at this point, the Star Factory is already building ships and boosters faster than SpaceX can launch them,
187
so there are many vehicles waiting in the wings of the Gigabay for their chance to fly.
188
And that's how things are going to be for now, until SpaceX has a level of confidence in the Starship
189
that they can start putting it to real-world use and begin deploying the new Starlink V3 network.
190
At that point, they'll want to be flying Starship at least as often as they currently use the Falcon 9 rocket, which is pretty much every single day.
191
So that's the point where StarFactory really gets to start flexing its muscle and ramp-up production,
192
which will need to continue as SpaceX moves on to launching their Orbital Data Center satellites in addition to Starlink.
193
Then they'll be doing these missions to the moon that require multiple refueling launches to support just one lander.
194
And then of course, at some point, SpaceX will begin sending these ships to Mars as well.
195
And that's where this whole one rocket a day thing starts to make sense.
196
There's not just one big plan for Starship, there are many, and they all have to be happening at the same time, so you need a lot of rockets,
197
way more than the world has ever seen, and this is where it all gets built.
📺 Тот же канал
B24
How Reusable Rockets Work
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Saturn Is The Scariest Planet In Our Solar System
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Apollo 11 Wasn't Alone on the Moon...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
What NASA Found on Io
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
You Live Inside a Cosmic Hole... And there's a problem
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
C15
230 предложений
Starship - Test Like You Fly
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
139 предложений
Millions of Luxury iPhone 17 Pro Max Are Manufactured — Inside Apple’s Massive Secret Factory
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
45 предложений
Creating Iron Man suit. Full workflow by @AlexLab. Real life Iron Man exosuit with a box of scraps)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
169 предложений
World’s most advanced robotic warehouse (AI automation)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
384 предложений
Adam Savage Behind the Scenes of Star Wars: The Mandalorian and Grogu!
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
373 предложений
I built my dream podcast studio in Austin.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
21 предложений
경쟁자는 누구인가요? 2007년 일론 머스크의 대답
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
440 предложений
Volvo Mega Manufacturing: The World’s Most Advanced Truck Factory | FD Engineering
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
205 предложений
Everything You Didn’t Know About Titanium Bikes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
181 предложений
Inside The World’s Biggest Military Plane
TOEFL PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B22
113 предложений
How Life Will Look Like In 2050
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
57 предложений
William Blair’s Louie DiPalma: We estimate SpaceX will spend about $50 billion on AI capex this year
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Inside The SpaceX Starfactory». Чаще всего повторяются слова: rocket, spacex, factory, star, ship. В этом видео 197 предложений и 3243 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 17:44. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 183 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| starship существительное | /stɑɹʃɪp/ | звездолёт |
| weld глагол | /wɛld/ | сва́ривать, свари́ть |
| tile существительное | /ˈtaɪ.əl/ | пли́тка, ка́фель |
| cone существительное | /ˈkoʊn/ | ко́нус, кони́ческая пове́рхность |
| payload существительное | /ˈpeɪloʊd/ | полезная нагру́зка |
| stack существительное | /stæk/ | сто́пка, ки́па |
| flap существительное | /flæp/ | пола́, подо́л |
| booster существительное | /ˈbustɚ/ | усили́тель |
| chunk существительное | /t͡ʃʌŋk/ | кусо́к |
| assemble глагол | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| crane существительное | /kɹeɪn/ | жура́вль |
| plumbing существительное | /ˈplʌmɪŋ/ | санте́хника |
| vertical прилагательное | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | вертика́льный, отве́сный |
| simultaneously наречие | /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ | одновре́менно |
| automate глагол | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | автоматизи́ровать |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| come back глагол | возвраща́ться, возврати́ться | |
| build up глагол | накапливаться, скапливаться | |
| come out глагол | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | выходи́ть, вы́йти |
| get up глагол | поднима́ться, подня́ться | |
| hold up глагол | задерживать, ждать | |
| take off глагол | снима́ть, снять | |
| turn around глагол | развора́чиваться, разверну́ться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| «Used to» used to + глагол — прошлая привычка или состояние, которых больше нет | used to bend · used to make |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | be maintained · can be bent · are stacked |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | you've seen · they've developed · have been handed |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | psi, which is · boosters, which are · payload, which can |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 27 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например they'll, doesn't, we've. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: starship /stɑɹʃɪp/, complication /ˌkɑm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/, complication /ˌkɑm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, independently /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hoist /hɔɪst/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, header /ˈhɛdɚ/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: weld /wɛld/, payload /ˈpeɪloʊd/, bend /bɛnd/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, fuse /fjuːz/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как starship, weld, tile.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.