쉐도잉 연습: Why Gas Prices Just Keep Going Up - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
From the New York Times, I'm Rachel Abrams, and this is The Daily.
2
About a month into the war with Iran, back when gas was at $3 .99 a gallon, Daily producer Anna Foley headed to Florida to talk to a
3
gas station owner about how prices at the pump were feeling both for him and his customers.
4
I would love for this to be over next week and I go back to $2 .79 a gallon.
5
That'd be awesome.
6
So I hope beyond hope that it is temporary and it does not last long.
7
But yeah, I do worry about the longevity of high prices.
8
That was back in March.
9
But recently, and somewhat unexpectedly, that gas station owner, Cam Judy, reached out to us again.
10
Hello.
11
Hey, Cam.
12
Hey, Anna.
13
How you doing?
14
He had an update.
15
so a few days ago you texted me
16
because of this kind of wild thing you were seeing happen at your pumps
17
so i just want to know what happened tell me the story yeah
18
so i checked the gas prices i believe it was wednesday
19
i was working until around three o 'clock in the afternoon just checking the prices
20
and see what was going on
21
and everything seemed normal where were you checking them i was
22
checking them on gas buddy the different gas stations see what
23
everybody was priced at i was sitting at 3 .99 a gallon for regular gas
24
and uh the next day i opened the gas station
25
and i was talking to my beer distributor
26
and he was like what's your gas at cam and i said
27
but i'm still at 3 .99
28
and he's like wow all the other gas stations i passed
29
by on the way in here all went to 419 this morning
30
and i was like there's no way there's no way it
31
was 399 yesterday wow that's a a 20 cent jump in
32
price overnight that's pretty that's pretty crazy it's pretty shocking
33
and i didn't believe him until i again i checked the gas stations in
34
and around me and sure enough every single one of them was at four dollars
35
and 19 cents for regular gasoline i said wow i i guess I really need to, as much as I don't want to,
36
I got to go up 20 cents a gallon.
37
Yeah.
38
Did customers notice?
39
And what did they say to you?
40
Oh, yeah.
41
Oh, yeah.
42
I mean, the one phrase out of everybody's mouths were just, what's going on with these gas prices?
43
When you guys came down here last time, of course, the conflict over in the Middle East area had just started.
44
It was very prominent in the news.
45
Everybody was talking about it.
46
And it was kind of expected, I think, back then.
47
Okay, we got a war going on.
48
There's conflict going on.
49
Yeah, we're going to see a big jump in gas prices.
50
But the war and the conflict over there hasn't really been talked much about lately.
51
There's other stuff going on in the news that people are talking about.
52
People kind of forgot.
53
And that's kind of the hardest part for me is I just, I don't have an answer.
54
What specifically caused a 20 -cent increase in a period of 24 hours?
55
I just wish, not even as a business owner, as a regular average Joe citizen, I would like to know why.
56
I think a lot of my customers would also like to know why.
57
So, today on the show, we attempt to answer Cam's question.
58
What is driving rising oil prices?
59
I speak with my colleague, Vivian Neerheim, about the expanding Iran war and why its ripple effects are being felt at pumps around the world.
60
It's Thursday, September 17th.
61
Vivian, welcome back to the show.
62
Thanks for having me.
63
So we here at The Daily have been in touch with this gas station owner in Florida, who I am sure is not the only person who's sort of confused by what he's seeing right now.
64
He and many of us understand that this stranglehold on the Strait of Hormuz has sent gas prices soaring.
65
Like, we all get that by this point in the war.
66
But the U .S and Iran have been in a stalemate for months now.
67
So we're turning to you to explain to us what has happened on the ground
68
that can help explain this sudden surge in prices.
69
Yes, I'm talking to you from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
70
And Saudi Arabia has for a long time been the world's largest exporter of oil.
71
You know, if you want to move oil prices, you look to Saudi Arabia.
72
And up until this point, Saudi Arabia has largely been on the sidelines of this war.
73
Yes, it was getting attacked.
74
Yes, things were quite concerning.
75
But at the same time, it wasn't getting hit as hard as some of the states east of the Persian Gulf, like the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain.
76
You know, I and a lot of other people were kind of sitting here wondering why, to be honest.
77
Why was Iran targeting all of these other states and kind of easing up a bit on Saudi Arabia.
78
In the past few weeks, all of that has changed.
79
Essentially, it's become very clear that one of the reasons that this wasn't happening, that the country wasn't being attacked as heavily as the other Gulf states,
80
is that Iran was kind of holding this card and waiting to play it.
81
And that is what has happened now, essentially.
82
Now they've decided to play that card.
83
And what is that card, Vivian?
84
Just unspool that for us.
85
So Saudi Arabia, it's just on the other side of the Gulf from Iran.
86
And they managed to find a workaround during the Iran War because of their geography, because of their history, to get their oil out from another exit point.
87
So while the Strait of Hormuz, which is on sort of the eastern side of Saudi Arabia close to Iran, was essentially choked off,
88
Saudi Arabia had built a long time ago this gigantic oil pipeline that stretches all the way across the kingdom.
89
And this had just been built as a sort of eventuality, maybe someday we'll need this.
90
And it suddenly became the moment for this oil pipeline.
91
They started pushing as much of their oil as they could
92
over land through this pipeline to the Red Sea to get it out to their global customers that way.
93
So they had this workaround that none of the other Gulf states had.
94
And as a result, the kingdom supply of oil to global markets was much less affected than the other countries.
95
But all of that changed over the past few weeks,
96
essentially, as Iran's ally in Yemen began focusing its attention on that route and essentially seeking to cut off that route.
97
Okay, so fill in the specifics of what has actually happened.
98
Right.
99
So the group that you really need to understand here is the Houthis, which are an Iranian ally in Yemen.
100
So, the Houthis started out as this kind of ragtag, religious movement in northern Yemen,
101
and they became these increasingly important power players starting in 2014.
102
In the aftermath of this really complicated, failed sort of Arab Spring transition in Yemen, the Houthis swept into Sana 'a,
103
the capital of Yemen, and they took it over.
104
They essentially routed the internationally recognized government of Yemen, pushed them out of the city, and then continued to actually push them farther and farther south in Yemen.
105
That set off this really brutal and grinding civil war in which Saudi Arabia intervened to pretty disastrous consequences in 2015.
106
To fight the Houthis.
107
To fight the Houthis and to try to restore the internationally recognized government.
108
So Saudi Arabia is Yemen's northern neighbor.
109
They have this long, porous border with Yemen.
110
And they were essentially looking at the Houthis, this militia that's backed by Iran, taking over territory on their border and getting quite nervous.
111
So they began this disastrous bombing campaign in Yemen to try to back the government and to essentially push out the Houthis.
112
So those two sides were fighting really fiercely it became this really kind of fragmented, complicated civil war.
113
And then it reached a sort of stalemate in 2022 when a truce was signed.
114
This was backed by the United Nations.
115
And fighting had largely quieted down since then.
116
But the Houthis were frustrated.
117
They really wanted to reach some form of political agreement
118
that would recognize their power in Yemen and that would give them access to oil resources, which they do not have right now because of the territory that they control.
119
So they were under political pressure to do something.
120
And this was sort of the backdrop in which the Iran war kind of arrived in the region and blew everything up.
121
Okay.
122
In Iran, meanwhile, there had been this faction that was gaining increasing leverage
123
that had been pressing to escalate in the war with the U .S., right?
124
The war has been dragging on for six months.
125
There's no clear end in sight.
126
And this sort of group in Iran, group of officials, group of leaders.
127
The hardliners.
128
We talked about them on the show before.
129
Yeah.
130
Yeah.
131
Wanted to place sort of increasing pressure on Trump via increasing pressure on the global economy, global energy markets.
132
So at the same time that the Houthis have their own interests
133
that they're pursuing and are feeling increasingly frustrated with the political situation on the ground in Yemen, their backers in Iran have an interest to escalate.
134
So there's a real kind of collision of mutual interests between the Houthis and their allies and backers in Iran.
135
And how has that played it on the ground exactly?
136
Vivian, just explain that to us.
137
So it's a complicated story, and there's been a couple of flashpoints where things have really escalated between Saudi Arabia
138
and the Houthis over the past few months.
139
But one of the really key ones was in July, when the Houthis declared a naval blockade on Saudi Arabia and essentially said, we're not going to let any Saudi ships through the Red Sea.
140
And after this blockade is launched.
141
You see Saudi Arabia decide to start pushing back, but they seem to be wary of actually entering a full -blown war.
142
So you see airstrikes start happening in Yemen.
143
The Houthis say Saudi Arabia is bombing Yemen.
144
Saudi Arabia says nothing.
145
The Yemeni government claims that it's the ones carrying out those bombings.
146
And you also see a real escalation in ground fighting between the Houthis and Yemeni fighters who are backed by Saudi Arabia.
147
So things start to heat up on the ground in this kind of period after the blockade.
148
But for now, nobody seems to want to escalate too much.
149
And that all changes essentially when the Houthis start pushing towards the Red Sea coast last week.
150
And a new wave of Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.
151
The Houthis taking islands in the Red Sea, taking coastline along the Red Sea.
152
The Houthis can now threaten almost any shipping passing Yemen's Red Sea coast.
153
So the Houthis start assailing these parts of Yemeni territory that are essentially the gateway to the Bab al -Mandab Strait,
154
this very important strait at the opening of the Red Sea.
155
And it's clear that they're pushing and pushing.
156
But for a time, it seemed like this was going to be a battle.
157
It was going to take a while.
158
Saudi Arabia was going to fight back.
159
And then suddenly, all of that crumbled on Thursday and Friday.
160
And government soldiers were retreating incredibly rapidly.
161
And the Houthis essentially seized this vast swath of territory along the Red Sea
162
that is Yemen's most strategic and important real estate and ended up in control of the Babat Mandib Strait.
163
And so not just for important for Yemen, but as you said, they basically seized this workaround
164
that Saudi Arabia had that was helping it export its oil since the start of the war.
165
Yes.
166
So the Houthis were able to launch attacks in the Red Sea from the territory that they previously had.
167
But this gives them much more direct control over the strait.
168
And then to make matters so much worse, on Friday, the same day that the Houthis have taken over all of this territory that puts them on this key strait,
169
Saudi Arabia announces that the crucial cross -land pipeline
170
that it has been relying upon to export oil has been attacked and that they have to shut it down.
171
The East -West Pipeline is what goes across Saudi Arabia.
172
That was sort of the workaround.
173
OK, if something happens with the Straits, we got this big, wide pipeline.
174
Well, now it's been hit in multiple points.
175
It's out.
176
The two Straits are controlled by Iran and its militants.
177
As of now, essentially all of the exits for oil from the Arabian Peninsula have been severely choked off
178
or just cut off.
179
And all of this has left Saudi Arabia with basically no good options for getting their oil to global markets.
180
And we're already starting to see the impact of that around the world.
181
We'll be right back.
182
vivian you just told us
183
that saudi arabia has no good options to get their oil out of the country
184
so what are their bad options so the first thing to remember is
185
that this is an existential problem for saudi arabia the entire saudi economy depends on oil
186
and petrochemicals Their government budget depends on oil revenue.
187
Their payments to royal family members depend on oil revenue.
188
So the entire kind of political and economic system of the kingdom is still very much tied up in oil.
189
They want that to change, but their efforts to diversify away from oil
190
and to turn the kingdom into this tourism
191
and business destination also depend on oil revenue because they need to make these investments that are quite costly.
192
So if they can't figure out a way to get oil out to global markets, it's a really serious problem for them.
193
Okay, so what can they do?
194
So their options are, one is to go back to war with the Houthis and to try to force them to back down militarily.
195
Which didn't go so well the first time.
196
Yeah, it's a very unattractive course of action for them for a lot of different reasons.
197
Another option
198
that they could take is to try to come to some sort of diplomatic solution with the Houthis
199
and negotiate an agreement politically that gets the Houthis to back down.
200
That's also unattractive because everything that their history of negotiations with the Houthis have shown is
201
that this is not a group that is ready to back down easily.
202
They have very maximalist demands, and those demands are only going to get bigger now
203
that they feel in this position of great power and that they have the upper hand.
204
So they're definitely considering that option, but it's not ideal at all either.
205
And there's no guarantee that it leads to a sustainable agreement, right?
206
The Houthis could decide in a year or two years, actually, we want more and it's back to war for you unless you agree to what we want.
207
You know, one player we have not talked about yet is the United States.
208
And I bring that up because the United States is both Saudi Arabia's most powerful ally.
209
And also the U .S obviously started this whole war with Iran in the first place alongside Israel.
210
So I wonder.
211
Where is the United States in this moment?
212
Are they helping Saudi Arabia in this moment?
213
Yeah.
214
So because Saudi Arabia is so reluctant to go back to war with the Houthis on its own,
215
it is very keen to get support from the United States and other international partners if it takes that path.
216
And we do know that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia has approached the Trump administration multiple times, including as recently as last week,
217
to ask the United States to help, to ask the United States to kind of join a fight against the Houthis.
218
And what did the U .S say?
219
As far as we know, President Trump declined.
220
We do not see any evidence on the ground of, you know, really stepped up U .S involvement.
221
There is, of course, some intelligence sharing and other things that were essentially already going on.
222
But the U .S is not getting involved in airstrikes.
223
The U .S seems to have the mindset of, let's just leave this to Saudi Arabia to sort out.
224
You know, I can imagine
225
that one reason why the U .S might be hesitant to get involved is
226
that the U .S is already really overstretched because they are already at war with Iran.
227
But on the other hand, Saudi Arabia is a really important ally
228
and they are asking for help against a militia that is backed by an enemy of the United States.
229
So why isn't the U .S willing to step in?
230
Yeah, so Trump has given some statements suggesting that the Houthis don't really want to fight the U .S., that they just want to fight Saudi Arabia.
231
That's a little complicated
232
because Saudi Arabia's oil getting out through the Bab al -Mandab has implications for global energy markets
233
and therefore for the United States.
234
But according to sort of his telling, look, this is a group, we already kind of fought them.
235
There was a U .S airstrike campaign against the Houthis last year that was brief and ill -fated.
236
Essentially, no one has found a military solution to the Houthis.
237
They've gone up against these much wealthier, much more powerful foes.
238
And those much wealthier, much more powerful foes have been forced to back down again and again.
239
So Trump doesn't see getting involved in a war against the Houthis as a winning prospect.
240
Vivian, I'm so curious, given the fact
241
that you're actually on the ground in Riyadh and have been as all of this has been playing out, what does all of this pressure actually feel like?
242
Like sort of how is it in the air there?
243
So it's kind of a weird moment because the Houthis are attacking the kingdom right now, but it's not reaching cities like Riyadh.
244
You know, it's mostly affecting cities in the kingdom south.
245
So it's weird because everyone knows that we're kind of potentially on the verge of another war.
246
But at the same time, you know, events are happening, conferences are being held.
247
They're talking about tourism events next year.
248
There's still kind of an effort to keep going and to sort of maintain the mood that everything's going to be okay.
249
We're going to figure a way out of this.
250
And I'm sure they're still working very hard to repair the pipeline
251
and get that back up and running as soon as possible.
252
Is that realistic, though?
253
How fast can one repair a pipeline?
254
Well, it's a mystery right now because it depends on how badly it's been damaged.
255
And these are things that only a very small number of people know.
256
Probably we've seen some reporting indicating that it could be a matter of weeks.
257
Even that is quite a bad situation for Saudi Arabia.
258
But the worst situation is the fact that no matter how quickly they repair it, as long as there is still conflict in the region
259
and as long as they have foes who are still willing and able to attack the pipeline, that will remain a risk.
260
So they could repair it tomorrow and have another attack the next day.
261
You know, I'm reminded there was a lot of criticism after the U .S
262
and Israel went to war with Iran
263
that they should have taken more seriously the idea that Iran would or could shut off the Strait of Hormuz, right?
264
Like, that was essentially foreseeable.
265
So I guess I just wonder whether it was just as foreseeable that Saudi's oil routes would also be cut off.
266
Like, I'm just wondering how predictable this latest iteration of the war was.
267
I mean, I think if you were a really strategic and smart war gamer, you absolutely could have sit down and gamed this out, you know, months ago.
268
I think one thing that the Gulf Arab Arab states that are American allies here, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates,
269
these states always realized that they were very vulnerable if Iran were to launch major retaliatory attacks on,
270
you know, United States, that they would be kind of the front lines of that.
271
They have these U .S bases.
272
They host these U .S troops.
273
You know, they have these American companies that do business there.
274
And their energy, their oil and their gas is so crucial to the world economy, that it is really just the most strategic
275
and easiest way for Iran to exert pressure on a country that's very far away, the United States.
276
So they've always known that they could potentially be on the front lines of something like this.
277
And that's part of why a lot of Gulf leaders
278
and officials were trying to prevent this war from happening in the first place.
279
You know, I can't help but think, Vivian, about that man in Florida, the gas station owner that we heard from at the beginning of this episode, who's worried that high gas prices are going to go even higher.
280
And obviously, that is just one factor, one consequence in this war.
281
But it sounds like he and other people need to prepare for a lot more pain than we've already been seeing.
282
Yeah, I mean, the fact of the matter remains is that we really still haven't seen the end of this war.
283
And the longer it's going on, the more it is spiraling into these new kind of complicated consequences. So...
284
Saudi Arabia had this workaround in the early months of the war
285
that had masked the true cost of the war for oil and gas prices.
286
That is changing now.
287
And we're also seeing kind of a real new kind of snowballing of human suffering that could be happening.
288
In Yemen alone, the fact
289
that the country is now tilting back into this full -blown
290
war could have devastating consequences for tens of millions of people
291
who were already living in one of the world's worst humanitarian crises.
292
We're seeing kind of all over the globe, all of these consequences spiraling out from this war between the United States
293
and Iran that are having really devastating impacts for the economy,
294
for people's ability to afford energy and all of the goods that come from that.
295
What's becoming increasingly clear is that these are not problems that are going to go away quickly.
296
These are going to be complicated and they could potentially be long lasting.
297
— Vivian Nireim, thank you so much.
298
— Thank you for having me.
299
As oil prices have surged past $100 a barrel, people around the world have taken to the streets to protest price increases and gas shortages.
300
In France, fishermen clashed with police as they attempted to blockade a fuel depot.
301
— In Portugal, a convoy of frustrated drivers blocked roads to a major oil refinery.
302
And in Syria, where the government raised fuel prices for a second time in two weeks,
303
protesters blocked a major highway with flaming tires.
304
Syrian government officials said they had no choice but to raise prices because of the war.
305
We'll be right back.
306
Here's what else you need to know today.
307
The Federal Reserve raised interest rates by a quarter of a percentage point on Wednesday, the first increase in more than three years.
308
That increase is a major step by the Central Bank's chairman, Kevin Warsh, to combat inflation, which Warsh has said has been too high for too long.
309
And President Trump on Wednesday threatened retribution against the European Union's invitation to Canada to become a, quote, associate member of the bloc,
310
a move that shows how intent America's traditional allies are on pursuing a more stable future by binding together.
311
If it's a good intention, that's fine.
312
If it's a bad intention, we'll put very heavy tariffs on Europe.
313
The president said the move could be perceived as a, quote, hostile act.
314
Today's episode was produced by Jessica Chung, Olivia Natt, and Anna Foley, with help from Eric Krupke.
315
It was edited by Maria Byrne and Annie Minoff, with help from Michael Benoit.
316
It contains music by Dan Powell, Marianne Lozano, Rowan Nemisto, and Pat McCusker.
317
It was engineered by Chris Wood.
318
Our theme music is by Wonderly.
319
And special thanks to Ben Hubbard.
320
That's it for The Daily.
321
I'm Rachel Abrams.
322
See you tomorrow.
323
Thank you.
📺 같은 채널
B21
Canada Is Done With Trump
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B11
Tell Us About Your Household Debates
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2‘Buy Now, Pay Later’: A New Wave of Consumer Debt
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
She Fell in Love With ChatGPT. Like, Actual Love. With Sex.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Vegetables Don't Have to Be Boring
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
✨ 추천 영상
B2466 문장
The oil apocalypse is here
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
146 문장
【English Podcast】Is a College Degree Still Worth It? — 4 Things to Consider
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
B23
174 문장
Businesses continue their budget backlash | 9 News Australia
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B21
158 문장
🚨Trump WANTS FOX OFF THE AIR after They SHOWED THIS!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
64 문장
Don't think Fed should be hiking here, says 3Fourteen's Warren Pies
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B25
367 문장
🎧 Luyện Nghe Tiếng Anh Level B2- XĂNG TĂNG - | Listening English Podcast |🎯
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
307 문장
How America broke its beef industry
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
158 문장
Wildfires: ‘Many Thousands’ Of Brits Caught In Spain And France Devastation
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
111 문장
🚨 WHY YOU ARE GETTING POORER - Cost Of Living Crisis Accelerates
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
20 문장
Is the AI Boom Just Another Bubble?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B27
72 문장
How Walmart Is Hoping Its New Tech Will Help Shoppers And Employees
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B21
37 문장
Watch Rubio Crack Up as Trump Explains Dramatic Shift on Iranian Leaders
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Why Gas Prices Just Keep Going Up”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: saudi, Houthi, arabia, oil, Iran. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 323개와 단어 4177개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 23:46입니다. 화자는 분당 약 176단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| pipeline 명사 | /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ | 관로, 파이프라인 |
| strait 명사 | /stɹeɪt/ | 해협 |
| consequence 명사 | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | 결과 |
| blockade 명사 | /blɑˈkeɪd/ | 봉쇄 |
| gallon 명사 | /ˈɡælən/ | 갤런 |
| alley 명사 | /ˈæl.i/ | 골목, 골목길 |
| ally 명사 | /ˈæl.aɪ/ | 동맹국, 아군 |
| stalemate 명사 | /ˈsteɪlmeɪt/ | 스테일메이트 |
| disastrous 형용사 | /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/ | 재난의, 처참하다 |
| choke 동사 | /t͡ʃoʊk/ | 질식하다 |
| seize 동사 | /ˈsiːz/ | 붙잡다 |
| spiral 명사 | /ˈspaɪɹəl/ | 나선형, 라선형 |
| militia 명사 | /məˈlɪʃə/ | 민병, 시민군 |
| threaten 동사 | /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ | 위협하다, 협박하다 |
| depend 동사 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 의존하다, ...에 달려 있다 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out 동사 | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | 실행하다, 행하다 |
| come down 동사 | 내려오다 | |
| get out 동사 | 나오다, 나가다 | |
| go away 동사 | 떠나다, 떠나가다 | |
| go up 동사 | 올라가다 | |
| sit down 동사 | 앉다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | has been dragging · has been relying · has been playing |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | hasn't really been talked · have been · has sent |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | was priced · been talked · being felt |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | Hormuz, which is · Houthis, which are |
주의할 발음
화자는 I'm, we're, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 46번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: militia /məˈlɪʃə/, escalation /ˌɛs.kəˈleɪ.ʃən/, fisherman /ˈfɪʃ.ɚ.mən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: foreseeable /fɔɹˈsi.ə.bəl/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, escalation /ˌɛs.kəˈleɪ.ʃən/, eventuality /ɪˌvɛntjuˈælɪti/, longevity /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, foe /foʊ/, foreseeable /fɔɹˈsi.ə.bəl/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, fisherman /ˈfɪʃ.ɚ.mən/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/, eventuality /ɪˌvɛntjuˈælɪti/, longevity /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/, verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: disastrous /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/, seize /ˈsiːz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, pipeline, strait, consequence 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.