쉐도잉 연습: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.

We're delighted that you're here.

Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.

The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.

What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.

Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.

We think a lot about real take home pay.

The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.

That's just the arithmetic.

Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.

As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.

That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.

When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.

Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.

Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?

Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.

Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.

So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.

Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.

The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.

The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?

I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.

If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.

Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.

They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.

history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.

But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.

Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.

The Fed can act on wages indirectly.

It can raise or lower interest rates.

It's not a perfect tool.

It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.

What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.

That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.

Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.

And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.

Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 37개와 단어 750개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:23입니다. 화자는 분당 약 171단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 12개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
inflation 명사	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	인플레이션, 인플레
arithmetic 명사	/æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/	산술
factual 형용사	/ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/	사실(事實)의
capitalist 명사	/ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/	자본가
economist 명사	/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/	경제학자
delight 명사	/dəˈlaɪt/	기쁨, 즐거움
colleague 명사	/ˈkɒliːɡ/	동료, 동업자
advise 동사	/ədˈvaɪz/	조언하다, 충고하다
monetary 형용사	/ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/	화폐
yield 동사	/jiːld/	생산하다
testimony 명사	/ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/	증언
acknowledge 동사	/əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/	승인하다, 인정하다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
“used to” used to + 동사 — 지금은 아닌 과거의 습관이나 상태	used to be
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has been · has evened · have still gotten
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is led · was sent

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, there'll, haven't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 10번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, factual /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, inflation, arithmetic, factual 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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