跟讀練習: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.

We're delighted that you're here.

Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.

The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.

What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.

Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.

We think a lot about real take home pay.

The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.

That's just the arithmetic.

Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.

As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.

That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.

When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.

Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.

Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?

Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.

Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.

So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.

Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.

The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.

The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?

I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.

If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.

Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.

They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.

history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.

But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.

Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.

The Fed can act on wages indirectly.

It can raise or lower interest rates.

It's not a perfect tool.

It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.

What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.

That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.

Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.

And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.

Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin。這段影片共有 37 個句子、750 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:23。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 171 個詞，接近日常對話。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
productivity 名詞	/ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/	生產力 /生產力, 效率
inflation 名詞	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	通貨膨脹 /通貨膨脹, 通脹 /通脹
arithmetic 名詞	/æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/	算術 /算術
factual 形容詞	/ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/	事實 /事實
capitalist 名詞	/ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/	資本家 /資本家
stimulus 名詞	/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/	刺激物
economist 名詞	/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/	經濟學家 /經濟學家
delight 名詞	/dəˈlaɪt/	樂趣 /樂趣
colleague 名詞	/ˈkɒliːɡ/	同事, 同僚
tremendous 形容詞	/tɹɪˈmɛndəs/	令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 /令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的
advise 動詞	/ədˈvaɪz/	勸導 /勸導, 勸告 /勸告
monetary 形容詞	/ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/	貨幣 /貨幣
yield 動詞	/jiːld/	產量 /產量, 產生 /產生
testimony 名詞	/ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/	證言 /證言, 證詞 /證詞
consecutive 形容詞	/kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/	連續的 /連續的, 隨後的 /隨後的

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
show up 動詞	露面

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
“used to” used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態，現在已不再如此	used to be
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has been · has evened · have still gotten
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is led · was sent

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, there'll, haven't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, credible /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 productivity, inflation, arithmetic 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 通過影片學習英語口語

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