Pratique du Shadowing: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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37 phrases
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1
Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.
2
We're delighted that you're here.
3
Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.
4
The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.
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What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.
6
Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.
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We think a lot about real take home pay.
8
The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.
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That's just the arithmetic.
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Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.
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As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.
12
That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.
13
When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.
14
Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.
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Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?
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Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.
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Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.
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So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.
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Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.
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The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.
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The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?
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I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.
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If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.
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Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.
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They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.
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history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.
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But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.
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Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.
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The Fed can act on wages indirectly.
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It can raise or lower interest rates.
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It's not a perfect tool.
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It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.
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What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.
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That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.
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Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.
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And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.
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Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin. Cette vidéo contient 37 phrases et 750 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:23. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 171 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| productivity nom | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | productivité |
| inflation nom | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflation |
| anthropic adjectif | /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/ | anthropique |
| arithmetic nom | /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ | arithmétique |
| materialize verbe | /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/ | matérialiser |
| semiannual adjectif | semi-annuel | |
| factual adjectif | /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ | effectif, factuel |
| contention nom | /kənˈtɛnʃən/ | dispute, discorde |
| credible adjectif | /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/ | crédible |
| capitalist nom | /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ | capitaliste |
| stimulus nom | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | stimulus |
| economist nom | /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ | économiste |
| delight nom | /dəˈlaɪt/ | plaisir, délice |
| colleague nom | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | collègue, confrère |
| buck nom | /ˈbʌk/ | bouc |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| eat away verbe | /it‿əˈweɪ/ | chicoter, émietter |
| keep up with verbe | aller de pair avec | |
| show up verbe | apparaître, se montrer se pointer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| « Used to » used to + verbe — une habitude ou un état passé qui n’est plus vrai | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · has evened · have still gotten |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is led · was sent |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, there'll, haven't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/, factual /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/, acknowledge /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme productivity, inflation, anthropic.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.