Shadowing Practice: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.
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We're delighted that you're here.
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Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.
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The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.
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What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.
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Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.
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We think a lot about real take home pay.
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The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.
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That's just the arithmetic.
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Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.
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As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.
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That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.
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When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.
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Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.
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Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?
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Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.
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Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.
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So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.
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Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.
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The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.
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The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?
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I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.
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If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.
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Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.
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They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.
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history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.
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But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.
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Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.
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The Fed can act on wages indirectly.
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It can raise or lower interest rates.
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It's not a perfect tool.
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It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.
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What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.
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That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.
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Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.
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And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.
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Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”. Las palabras que más se repiten: wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin. Este vídeo tiene 37 frases y 750 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:23. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 171 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| productivity sustantivo | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | productividad |
| inflation sustantivo | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflación |
| anthropic adjetivo | /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/ | antrópico |
| arithmetic sustantivo | /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ | aritmética, arismética |
| bullish adjetivo | /ˈbʊlɪʃ/ | boyal, boyuno |
| materialize verbo | /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/ | materializar |
| paycheck sustantivo | /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/ | cheque de pago, cheque salarial |
| factual adjetivo | /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ | fáctico, factual |
| indirectly adverbio | /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/ | indirectamente, indirecte |
| contention sustantivo | /kənˈtɛnʃən/ | contienda, contención |
| anticipation sustantivo | /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/ | previsión, anticipación |
| credible adjetivo | /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/ | creíble |
| stimulus sustantivo | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | estímulo, apetite |
| economist sustantivo | /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ | economista |
| delight sustantivo | /dəˈlaɪt/ | deleite, regocijo |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| eat away verbo | /it‿əˈweɪ/ | apolillar, cancerar |
| keep up with verbo | seguir, ir al paso | |
| show up verbo | comparecer, personarse |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — un hábito o estado pasado que ya no es cierto | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has been · has evened · have still gotten |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is led · was sent |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, there'll, haven't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stayer /ˈsteɪ.ɚ/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como productivity, inflation, anthropic.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.