Prática de Shadowing: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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37 frases
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1
Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.
2
We're delighted that you're here.
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Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.
4
The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.
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What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.
6
Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.
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We think a lot about real take home pay.
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The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.
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That's just the arithmetic.
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Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.
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As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.
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That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.
13
When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.
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Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.
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Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?
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Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.
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Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.
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So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.
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Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.
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The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.
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The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?
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I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.
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If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.
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Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.
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They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.
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history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.
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But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.
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Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.
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The Fed can act on wages indirectly.
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It can raise or lower interest rates.
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It's not a perfect tool.
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It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.
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What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.
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That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.
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Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.
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And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.
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Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”. As palavras que mais se repetem: wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin. Este vídeo tem 37 frases e 750 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:23. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 171 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| productivity substantivo | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | produtividade |
| inflation substantivo | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | inflação |
| anthropic adjetivo | /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/ | antrópico |
| arithmetic substantivo | /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ | aritmética |
| materialize verbo | /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/ | materializar |
| factual adjetivo | /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ | factual, fatual |
| contention substantivo | /kənˈtɛnʃən/ | contenção, contenda |
| anticipation substantivo | /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/ | antecipação |
| credible adjetivo | /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/ | crível, credível |
| capitalist substantivo | /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ | capitalista |
| stimulus substantivo | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | estímulo |
| economist substantivo | /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ | economista |
| delight substantivo | /dəˈlaɪt/ | deleite |
| colleague substantivo | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | colega |
| buck substantivo | /ˈbʌk/ | macho, gamo |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| eat away verbo | /it‿əˈweɪ/ | comer |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — um hábito ou estado do passado que não é mais verdade | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has been · has evened · have still gotten |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is led · was sent |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, there'll, haven't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, economist /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: stayer /ˈsteɪ.ɚ/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como productivity, inflation, anthropic.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.