Prática de Shadowing: How 3D Printing Is Transforming The Auto Industry - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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3D printing.
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It's a technology that's been around for decades, but is now increasingly being used by automakers to cut costs and save time.
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Both the technology and the business cases have gotten stronger, enough to start installing machines in auto factories.
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Automakers like Ford and Rivian are using 3D printing for prototypes, specialized tools, and even replacement parts.
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Also known as additive manufacturing 3d printing builds an object from
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a digital design adding material layer by layer depending on the machine
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that material can be plastic ceramic or even something harder like metal
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or carbon fiber composite rivian says
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it has spent more than five million dollars on these types of machines materials for the operations
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now cost about 1 .7 million per year
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At the company's
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Michigan Research and Development Center, smaller printers sit alongside industrial machines that can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
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They make prototypes for design and testing, including electric motors, steering wheels, and other interior parts.
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Rivian told CNBC the machines typically pay for themselves within a year just by saving on supplier tooling and logistics, and of course, time saved.
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It's a similar story at Ford.
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The company has increasingly used 3D printing as its factories.
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At the River Rouge plant, where the automaker builds its crucial F -150 pickup truck, about two dozen printers produce thousands of tools,
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including hood holders, torque bit sockets, and tools for smoothing adhesive.
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When one of Ford's plants needed a large machining wheel to keep its operations going,
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the company printed a temporary replacement while it waited for the production and delivery from a supplier.
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Mercedes -Benz, Toyota and even EV startup
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Slate also use 3D printing in their operations as well.
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General Motors has even started using 3D printed parts for some
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of its low -volume Cadillac vehicles such as a medallion on
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a manual gear shifter marking the technology's growth from prototyping to production parts.
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Executives believe the future for 3D printing like the parts
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they build is limitless as machines continue to come down in cost and efficiency increases.
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This is a production of WGBH.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How 3D Printing Is Transforming The Auto Industry”. As palavras que mais se repetem: printing, machine, parts, cost, automaker. Este vídeo tem 28 frases e 350 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:27. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 143 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 71% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| prototype substantivo | /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ | protótipo |
| replacement substantivo | /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ | substituto |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| increasingly advérbio | cada vez mais | |
| printer substantivo | /ˈpɹɪntɚ/ | impressor |
| supplier substantivo | /səˈplaɪə/ | fornecedor, fornecedora |
| temporary adjetivo | /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ | temporário |
| gear substantivo | /ɡɪɚ/ | equipamento |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | junto a, juntamente com |
| smooth adjetivo | /smuːð/ | suave |
| efficiency substantivo | /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | eficiência |
| manual substantivo | /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ | manual, manual de instruções |
| crucial adjetivo | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | crucial |
| holder substantivo | /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/ | suporte |
| hood substantivo | /hʊd/ | capuz |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | that's been · have gotten · has spent |
| Verbo + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbos seguidos da forma em -ing | start installing · started using |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que está acontecendo agora ou nestes dias | is now increasingly being · are using |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/, replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/, alongside /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/, hood /hʊd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, install /ɪnˈstɔl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: holder /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/, hood /hʊd/, adhesive /ədˈhiː.sɪv/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como prototype, replacement, layer.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.