Prática de Shadowing: The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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So here we can see all of the liquid cooling infrastructure for the Grace Blackwell Rack.
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Inside this Equinix data center in San Jose, California, there are hundreds of server racks,
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some executing massive AI compute tasks for the company's renting space here to run thousands of graphics and sensor processing units.
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There are eight GPU racks in here
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and each rack has 72 GPUs inside of it
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and all those chips get hot under heavy workloads server can boil your eggs
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they are like raining at 80 degree celsius the chips themselves would melt down
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if they weren't continuously cooled and keeping these chips cool requires a lot of water and power
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which is a major reason why there's a national backlash against
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ai data centers backlash against data centers is growing across the country.
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71 % of respondents said they would oppose the construction of a data center in their local area.
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Backlash is also growing around power, water costs, who pays, local and state leaders are hitting pause on new projects.
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The rate payers, both electrical and water, have seen their rates be shot up.
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They don't wanna have to pay for these data centers to be there.
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The largest data centers can use up to five million gallons per day.
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That's what a small town of up to 50 ,000 might use.
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A few data centers are using that much water, but most communities in the U .S.
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don't have the infrastructure to support that demand.
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But not all data centers and ways of keeping them cool are created equal.
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These servers are liquid -cooled in a closed -loop system, but liquid cooling is only the start of the water
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and power equation because the facility still has to get rid of the heat that's been absorbed by the liquid.
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How a data center does that is what really determines consumption rates.
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This closed -loop system itself doesn't necessarily mean the data center doesn't use water.
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How do we reject the heat from the closed -loop to the ambient environment?
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That's where the water usage comes in.
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From dry cooling to evaporative cooling towers and hybrid solutions in between, we visited data centers around the country and chip plants
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that need even more water to find out how data centers really use water, what liquid cooling looks like,
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and where the companies running the biggest AI workloads have room to improve.
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Inside data centers with closed loop systems, hyperscalers often label their cooling systems as using zero water for a majority of the year.
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What they're not taking into account is once that heat is moved off the chip, it has to get moved out of the building.
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And that part takes water and power.
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In fact, saving water often means using more power for cooling.
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There's no sort of silver bullet, but at some point you need to eject that heat out to the atmosphere, and that's where those tradeoffs occur.
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But inside the servers that zero water use is largely right.
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Once a closed loop system is filled up, no more water is consumed in this part of the process, keeping those chips inside the servers cool.
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This is one of the 18 compute trays.
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the gpus sit underneath these copper cold plates
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that have liquid running through them to remove the heat from the system
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this is amd's helios the only real competitor to nvidia's industry leading racks vera rubin
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and grace blackwell and both companies designed their latest systems
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so they can be entirely liquid cooled this is a cooling distribution unit
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that takes chilled water in from the facility filters it pumps it
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and distributes it to all of the helios racks keeping them cool
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we're doing about 750 gallons per minute of chilled water
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but unlike some cooling systems this one is completely closed loop and so it's not a drain upon the resources
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the biggest advantage of liquid cooling however comes from just how quickly it can bring chip temperatures down
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so they can get back to work.
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Water is about 3 ,000 times more effective than air at removing heat from the chips.
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Therefore, you're able to increase the density in the same footprint.
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There's giant gigawatt plus sites built to run AI workloads for single huge companies like SpaceX AI, OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Amazon.
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Then there's co -location data centers like this one.
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Equinix, a big beneficiary of the AI boom, provides the building, power, network connections, and cooling to companies renting space for their server racks like
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these NVIDIA Blackwell racks owned by NVIDIA -backed AI software startup Alembic.
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So we went to an Equinix data center where these servers
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are running real workloads today to see how this looks when the systems are powered on.
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So these white pipes that are coming in are coming from our facility.
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So it's our chilled water infrastructure and then it goes across a heat exchanger plate.
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So that's how we're able to maintain the temperature and flow of the stainless steel piping that's distributed to the
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This Equinix data center in San Jose is on a closed -loop system, but it does still consume water.
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Like many data center operators, Equinix doesn't disclose water consumption at individual sites like this.
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In 2025, though, all Equinix operations consumed 1 .2 billion gallons of water, up 10 % from 2024.
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We're in 77 metros
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and you know our entire global water footprint is the equivalent
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of about 16 18 -hole golf courses in the southwestern United States.
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One of the leading suppliers of liquid cooling equipment to giants like NVIDIA and AMD is CoolIT.
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All the cold plates, the heat exchangers, and the connecting tissue between them.
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We've done that for 25 years.
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COOL -IT was acquired by water treatment company Ecolab for $4 .75 billion in July,
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as AI drives huge demand for an especially efficient system called direct -to -chip cooling.
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Direct -to -chip cooling uses a coolant that includes glycol to help stop corrosion, freezing, or biological growth inside the highly sensitive systems,
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but it's still primarily made of water.
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Legacy data centers were often air -cooled, in which large, noisy fans push cool air through heat exchangers to carry the heat away.
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Air -cooled is for, let's say, CPU -based servers, cloud servers, storage servers, networking equipment.
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They only need air -cooled because their heat density is much lower than GPUs.
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And for GPUs, due to the high power density, air -cooled system is not enough.
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They run at such a high wattage, a high temperature.
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You would need nearly hurricane -force winds to actually cool them down if you were just using air, which is why water is so effective.
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Still, the sheer scale of this data center build -out has many residents worried.
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More than 2 ,000 new data centers are planned in communities all across the country, on top of nearly 1 ,400 already in operation.
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In many places, the water supply simply can't support up to 8 million daily
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gallons needed at peak times for a 1 -gigawatt site like MEDA's in Lebanon, Indiana.
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Because in reality, there's a big way water is still used, even when it's a closed -loop system.
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That water has to get cooled back down using external cooling, a separate step from closed -loop systems inside the building.
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And it turns out the less water you use for this, the more power you need.
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So let's talk about the options.
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The simplest approach is just use the outside air.
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And it works pretty well in the wintertime when the air is cold.
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Using ambient air is indeed the least water -intensive method.
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Known as dry cooling, large fans blow air across heat exchangers, using that outside air to cool it down.
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Those fans don't work so well when the outside temperature is high.
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And that's when power -hungry cooling units, similar to household AC, need to kick on.
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That's a very power -intensive process.
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And that's exactly why we have power shortages in the summer, because everybody else turns on their AC.
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Evaporative cooling is the most water -intensive method because water is lost in evaporation.
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The hot water circulates through cooling towers or over wet pads that are exposed to air,
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and the portion that evaporates carries the heat away with it.
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In between those two extremes, hybrid methods are common as companies try to find a balance,
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such as dry cooling in the colder months and evaporative cooling when it's hot outside,
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or a fine mist of water is sprayed to cool the incoming air before it passes through the dry cooling system.
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There are data centers in Texas and in Phoenix, you know, where's 100 degrees during the day.
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They have the land to provide to the data centers, but they really are not the environment the data center should be in.
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Companies often build water treatment plants to help treat and recycle the necessary water, like one promised by Elon Musk in Memphis
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that's meant to turn treated municipal wastewater into cooling water for SpaceX AI's Colossus data centers.
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While Colossus 1 came online rapidly back in 2024, construction on the water treatment plant has stalled.
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Colossus is allocated up to 1 .28 million gallons of water per day, and reports indicate it uses an average of 800 ,000 gallons per day.
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As more data centers turn to water -efficient cooling methods, more power is needed.
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That's in addition to the power needed to run all the servers and equipment.
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It's why new data centers will account for most of the projected increase in electricity demand over the next decade,
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and why tech companies are building their own power plants, which also use a lot of water.
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At the end of the day, cooling the massive projects needed to supply the AI boom currently requires either a large amount of water or power.
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There are, however, companies working hard on ways to make it better.
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One idea? make the chips themselves run less hot.
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We provided over 25 degrees Celsius difference, or 40 degrees Celsius difference in the temperature, I mean, the thermal characteristics.
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Lokwon Kim's South Korean chip startup, DeepX, makes a low -power AI processor that runs so cool, it doesn't even melt butter placed on top,
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as shown in a demo filmed by DeepX.
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We gave the same AI workload, and then we just put the butter on them.
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Every chip melted each butter, except for the best chip.
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Hyundai Motor Group Robotics Lab has announced that this year, their first commercialized robots will use our chips.
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Lower heat chips are also in the works at SK Hynix, the world's leading maker of high bandwidth memory crucial for AI.
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Its next generation iHBM is designed specifically to reduce heat generation, which would lower the water or power needed for cooling.
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We developed IHBM with ICE technology.
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ICE stands for integrated cooling element and we can reduce the thermal resistance by 30%.
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At Cool IT, it's working on getting the liquid even closer to the chips.
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There's some really cool instances of water almost in the chip or just on top of the chip.
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That's all about being able to deliver even warmer water to the data center
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and continuing this ride towards ever more efficient use of liquid cooling in data centers.
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And at data centers like Equinix, efficient water use is crucial as AI workloads and business from customers continues to grow.
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At Equinix, we take it very, very seriously.
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Communities rightly have begun to ask the right questions.
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Data centers consume energy, they consume resources like water, but they also provide a very critical function to modern society.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool”. As palavras que mais se repetem: center, cooling, chip, heat, liquid. Este vídeo tem 99 frases e 1919 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 11:44. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 163 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| chip substantivo | /t͡ʃɪp/ | lasca, fragmento |
| server substantivo | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | servidor, server |
| liquid substantivo | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | líquido |
| loop substantivo | /luːp/ | laço |
| rack substantivo | /ɹæk/ | estante, armário |
| gallon substantivo | /ˈɡælən/ | galão |
| consume verbo | /kənˈsum/ | consumir |
| efficient adjetivo | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | eficiente |
| infrastructure substantivo | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infraestrutura |
| butter substantivo | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | manteiga |
| density substantivo | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | densidade |
| chill verbo | /tʃɪl/ | esfriar, resfriar |
| melt verbo | /mɛlt/ | derreter, fundir |
| backlash substantivo | /ˈbækˌlæʃ/ | coice, reação |
| consumption substantivo | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | consumo |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| fill up verbo | encher |
| find out verbo | descobrir |
| shoot up verbo | espichar |
| turn out verbo | terminar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | weren't continuously cooled · be shot · are created |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have seen · that's been absorbed · We've done |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 14 contrações e formas reduzidas, como doesn't, don't, we're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: chip /t͡ʃɪp/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, loop /luːp/, rack /ɹæk/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: chill /tʃɪl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, label /ˈleɪ.bəl/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/, household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como chip, server, liquid.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.