Prática de Shadowing: How Chinese EVs Won Brazil — And Left U.S. Automakers Behind - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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On the streets of Rio, it's not hard to find electric vehicles from China.
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I've seen a lot of BYD cars on the streets, and many electric cars because of the price.
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Everyone is getting on board.
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There are a lot of Chinese cars on the streets.
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Brazil is South America's largest auto market, and the country is quickly becoming the next frontier in China's EV expansion.
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In 2024, Brazil imported around 138,000 EVs and hybrids from China.
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That number is up nearly 100,000 from 2023.
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The momentum in South America mirrors a global trend.
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Chinese automakers have been shut out of the U.S by tariffs, so they're turning to emerging markets like Southeast Asia,
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the Middle East, and Latin America to sell their oversupply of cars.
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Chinese EV makers are facing a lot of pressure within China.
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They are under a lot of pressure to find new customers and new markets.
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And they've been going abroad in a very big way.
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Some companies are already breaking ground on factories in the country.
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I think Chinese influence has become very strong in vehicles.
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And they're also investing in the country.
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But officials say the influx of cars could come at a cost.
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Like fewer jobs for Brazilian workers.
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This is a worrying scenario for us Brazilian workers.
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Because it could lead to a huge number of vehicles arriving from China, threatening our jobs and production in Brazil.
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Chinese automaker BYD has also been criticized for alleged abusive labor conditions at one of its factories.
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So why are Chinese automakers so interested in Brazil?
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And does this flourishing trait actually come at a cost?
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China's mix of government subsidies and technical capability has pushed it past the US,
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Japan, and Germany to become the world's top auto exporter.
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In 2024, China produced 31.2 million passenger cars, commercial vehicles and trucks.
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That's compared with just 10.6 million made in the U.S.
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But the country is producing more vehicles than its slowing economy can absorb.
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They are not slowing down production at all of the plants in China, even though the economy in China has slowed down.
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So as a result, they have excess supply.
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They need to ship these vehicles somewhere.
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And so they have expanded in what's known as the rest of the world.
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Chinese car makers are just going to any market that will take them.
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There's a lot of interest in emerging markets.
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Brazil, which is part of the BRICS coalition with China, ranks as the world's sixth largest car market by volume.
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It is particularly attractive to Chinese auto companies for its size and limited competition from other EV makers.
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demand for Chinese EVs among Brazilians is strong.
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In the first quarter of 2025, Chinese brands accounted for more than 80% of electric car sales.
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At the same time, Brazil has rolled out policies to encourage sales of EVs and plug-in hybrids.
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Starting in 2015, the country lowered its 35% EV import tariff to zero.
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In 2024, tariffs were reintroduced and will reach 35% in July 2026.
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By removing the tariffs, they sort of encouraged and signaled actually
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that this was a market that Chinese automakers and other automakers were welcome to.
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BYD has been the company that has been the most proactive.
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We've seen the arrival of Chinese vehicles here in Brazil, a very large quantity.
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This has expanded.
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The demand for charging today is very high.
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Even consumers weary of electric cars are drawn to Chinese EVs for their affordable price tags.
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BYD sells its Dolphin Mini in Brazil for around 120,000 Ries.
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That's around US$22,000 or over $7,000 less than General Motors' cheapest EV model sold in Brazil.
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I chose the brand based on the price.
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The electric car gives me dynamism.
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I can charge it at home or I stop at the gas station.
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So I think it gives me a feeling that I'm doing something better.
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The Chinese have closed the quality gap with established automakers.
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So for a local Brazilian, while the Chinese vehicle may not be as nice as the local Toyota vehicle for sale,
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they will likely go for that Chinese vehicle if the payment fits their budget.
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Brazil has long been a key South American outpost for U.S automakers.
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Companies like Ford and General Motors have been building cars in the country for over a century.
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But in recent years, it's come with challenges.
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South America has always been a challenging market for automakers.
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And not just the U.S automakers, but all automakers have struggled to make consistent profits in South America for a couple of reasons.
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One is it is a market where the economies have really whipsawed.
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They've had problems in terms of sustaining growth.
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And if you can't sustain growth, it makes it really challenging in terms of one good year
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one really tough year in 2021 ford shut down its brazilian
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factory citing financial pressure in 2019 alone the company lost over
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700 million dollars in south america shares of ford moving higher
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as the company is announcing it is restructuring its operations in South America.
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That will include shutting down a manufacturing plant in Brazil.
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What has happened is that U.S automakers have felt the pinch in terms of profits
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and increasingly they have had to protect their home market share and the profitability of North America,
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which is really what drives the profits for U.S automakers.
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And as they focus more on protecting profits here at home, they've said, OK, do we really need to protect our market share in a Chile,
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in an Argentina or in a Brazil?
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As other automakers have pulled back, Chinese companies have seized an opportunity.
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Currently, at least four Chinese auto brands sell or manufacture in Brazil, including Great Wall Motor, Shiri, Zeker and GAC.
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The most popular is auto giant BYD, which brought in $109 billion in revenue last year, which is a 29% growth year over year.
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The company arrived in Brazil in 2015, making electric buses.
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Then in 2023, it purchased the closed Ford factory with plans to produce EVs.
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The plant covers 4.6 million square meters, about 645 soccer fields.
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It's one of the biggest EV factories in Latin America, and the company says it will eventually produce 300,000 cars in a year.
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The strategy really seems to be, you know, be the first company to start selling EVs in new markets.
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Create the market, which in a way is what some of these carmakers did in China.
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China's other large EV player, Great Wall Motor, has followed a similar trajectory in Brazil.
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In 2021, the company purchased a shuttered Mercedes factory, which had closed due to a drop in sales after the pandemic.
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In the first half of 2025, the company sold almost 16,000 vehicles in Brazil, almost 20% more than the same period last year.
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Brazil is the largest automotive market in Latin America.
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So if you want to sell in Brazil, there's a strong incentive to produce in Brazil.
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Critics say that Chinese automakers are taking advantage of Brazil's temporarily low tariff by flooding the market with cars,
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hurting the domestic auto market, and taking jobs.
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There's a huge volume of production, and in this case, there's an overproduction that they need to export.
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So the costs are very competitive,
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beyond what Brazil or any other country with a similar footprint can compete with.
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BYD has faced scrutiny from the public
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and from regulators after workers at its newest factory were found in what investigators called slavery-like conditions.
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For the construction of the factories, it's clear that they brought in Chinese workers, which was then the big controversy with BYD because Brazilian police found
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that they were being treated unfairly and didn't meet labor standards.
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BYD responded in a statement saying the company has zero tolerance for violations of human rights and labor laws,
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and that it terminated its contract with the construction company.
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A lawsuit from Brazilian prosecutors against BYD is ongoing.
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CNBC reached out to BYD for an interview, but was unable to speak with them before this story aired.
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Brazil's government is also under pressure to raise tariffs on Chinese auto imports.
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Those tariffs are now being reintroduced.
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It's on a schedule, so they'll hit 35% in 2026.
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That was the result of, you know, domestic companies complaining that this was sort of unfair competition.
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Meanwhile, there could be increasing competition in Brazil as some U.S brands have planned renewed investment in the country.
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In 2024, General Motors announced that it was investing $1.4 billion in facilities and operations.
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But for American automakers, they're still concerned that the rapid growth of Chinese brands in Brazil mirrors a global trend.
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A couple of different reasons why this matters for Washington.
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The first is that I think there's not necessarily a full recognition of the implications of China's expansion in the automotive sector.
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Smaller markets that by themselves are not a big deal.
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But you add a Chile with an Argentina, with an Australia, with an Israel, with a South Africa, little by little, all of that market share grows.
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And that's what the Chinese have done.
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For now, Brazil remains in the crossfire between two global superpowers in the EV revolution.
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This may be a strategy that does not pay off, but it is also much more of a strategy of market creation and market acquisition rather than a strategy about profitability.
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So it's very long term thinking.
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So I think the jury's out on what's going to work out and what's not.
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But it's for certain changing the markets on the ground in several emerging markets.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 119 frases e 1584 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:46. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 147 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| automobile substantivo | /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ | automóvel, carro |
| worker substantivo | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | trabalhador |
| maker substantivo | /ˈmeɪk.ɚ/ | fazedor |
| import substantivo | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | importados |
| emerge verbo | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | emergir |
| mirror substantivo | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | espelho |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | encorajar, incentivar |
| invest verbo | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | investir |
| hybrid substantivo | /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ | híbrido |
| automotive adjetivo | /ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv/ | automotivo |
| sustain verbo | /səˈsteɪn/ | suster |
| consistent adjetivo | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | consistente |
| meanwhile advérbio | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | ao mesmo tempo, simultaneamente |
| necessarily advérbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente |
| soccer substantivo | /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ | futebol |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| shut down verbo | apagar, encerrar | |
| slow down verbo | desacelerar | |
| pay off verbo | compensar | |
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've seen · have been shut · has become |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been shut · been criticized · were reintroduced |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | Brazil, which is · year, which is · workers, which was |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 12 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, they've, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: sixth /sɪksθ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/, violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: automobile /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/, automotive /ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como automobile, worker, maker.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.