Prática de Shadowing: Will Vietnam get old before it gets rich? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Asia's latest success story isn't here.
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Or even here.
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It's Vietnam.
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This Southeast Asian nation is experiencing a period of rapid economic growth.
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But as the country grows richer, it is also growing older.
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The government has set a target of reaching upper-middle income status by 2030 and high income status by 2045.
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This means that by 2045, Vietnam needs to have an income per capita that is 3.3 times higher than what it is now.
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In a race against the clock, can Vietnam get rich before it gets old?
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This sentiment among young people in Vietnam has experts and the government worried.
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Fewer couples are deciding to have children.
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Vietnam's fertility rate sank to a record low of 1.91 births per woman in 2024,
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a figure that puts it below the replacement rate of 2.1.
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In 2034, we will be an age country where we will reach 14% of the population aged 65 and over.
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But at that time, from now to there, only eight years.
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So we expect to be a high-income country or not.
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It depends on how we grow from now until then.
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Vietnam's aging population woes could mean big problems down the line, as the country has evolved into a global manufacturing powerhouse.
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It has a strategic geographical location and low labor costs, which have proved advantageous in trade wars.
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U.S imports from China have plummeted since the Trump administration's first trade war.
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The annualized figure of 550 billion U.S dollars in 2018 was down to 270 billion dollars by early 2026.
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In contrast, imports from Vietnam surged from 50 billion U.S dollars to $240 billion during the same period.
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But the falling number of working-age people could prove to be a chokehold on its booming manufacturing industry.
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Last year, Vietnam scrapped its long-standing two-child policy.
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Its new population law, which took effect on July 1st, is designed to nudge couples towards having larger families.
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The legislation offers things like seven months of maternity leave for a second child, lower costs for prenatal and newborn screenings,
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cash bonuses of up to 6 million dong, and priority housing for young parents who have two children before the age of 35.
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But will it be enough to reverse the population decline?
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It's a big issue that is to help people to live their children.
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That's a big issue to encourage everyone, children to live their children.
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But there are some points that the money is not enough, so the movement is not enough.
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It's enough to encourage everyone to live.
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Vietnam is looking to solve another problem that could potentially keep it from hitting its 2045 financial target.
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The country's informal workforce makes up around 63% of the total labor force.
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That means well over 33 million workers operate outside formal regulatory frameworks.
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And they don't have pensions set up for when they retire.
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Ministry of Home Affairs also tries the best to include people from the informal sector to the social protection system.
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As you know, informal workers usually don't participate in any social insurance system.
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And if they don't participate, meaning that they will get owed without any kind of social protection benefit.
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And it will become like a very huge burden for the future generation to pay tax in order to support them.
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The United Nations Population Fund found that 76% of Vietnam's elderly population do not have pensions.
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Vietnam revised its social insurance law in July 2025 to specifically bring informal,
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part-time and household workers under the national safety net.
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The revision reduced the minimum number of years required to contribute to social insurance from 20 to 15,
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making it more possible for aging informal workers to secure a future retirement pension.
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Last year we had Resolution 72 by the Central Party saying that we have universal healthcare for everyone.
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And we have a particular program for taking care of older persons.
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So we hope that older persons will be accessed more easily to all healthcare services at different places in Vietnam.
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And then they can improve their health status.
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So, can Vietnam break the trend and continue to get richer as it gets older?
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Dong says yes, so long as it plays its cards right.
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If we have a healthy older person, I don't think that is a really big concept.
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Because healthy older person, they continue contributing to the country.
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Because they are healthy, so we will not have health care costs as much as we expect
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if the older person is sick.
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That is why it depends on how older person at the time of Vietnam reached the age population threshold.
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We will see whether Vietnam faces a lot of problems or maybe opportunities for each population.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 56 frases e 770 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:59. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 129 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| informal adjetivo | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | informal |
| worker substantivo | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | trabalhador |
| pension substantivo | /ˈpɛnʃən/ | pensão, aposentadoria |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | encorajar, incentivar |
| participate verbo | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | participar |
| contribute verbo | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | contribuir |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender |
| import substantivo | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | importados |
| dong substantivo | /dɔŋ/ | dong |
| universal adjetivo | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | universal |
| household adjetivo | /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ | familiar |
| contrast substantivo | /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ | contraste |
| bonus substantivo | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | bônus, bónus |
| formal adjetivo | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | formal |
| replacement substantivo | /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ | substituto |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has set · has evolved · have proved |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is designed · will be accessed |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, isn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: pension /ˈpɛnʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como informal, worker, pension.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.