शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Will Vietnam get old before it gets rich? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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Asia's latest success story isn't here.
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Or even here.
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It's Vietnam.
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This Southeast Asian nation is experiencing a period of rapid economic growth.
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But as the country grows richer, it is also growing older.
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The government has set a target of reaching upper-middle income status by 2030 and high income status by 2045.
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This means that by 2045, Vietnam needs to have an income per capita that is 3.3 times higher than what it is now.
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In a race against the clock, can Vietnam get rich before it gets old?
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This sentiment among young people in Vietnam has experts and the government worried.
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Fewer couples are deciding to have children.
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Vietnam's fertility rate sank to a record low of 1.91 births per woman in 2024,
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a figure that puts it below the replacement rate of 2.1.
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In 2034, we will be an age country where we will reach 14% of the population aged 65 and over.
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But at that time, from now to there, only eight years.
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So we expect to be a high-income country or not.
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It depends on how we grow from now until then.
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Vietnam's aging population woes could mean big problems down the line, as the country has evolved into a global manufacturing powerhouse.
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It has a strategic geographical location and low labor costs, which have proved advantageous in trade wars.
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U.S imports from China have plummeted since the Trump administration's first trade war.
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The annualized figure of 550 billion U.S dollars in 2018 was down to 270 billion dollars by early 2026.
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In contrast, imports from Vietnam surged from 50 billion U.S dollars to $240 billion during the same period.
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But the falling number of working-age people could prove to be a chokehold on its booming manufacturing industry.
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Last year, Vietnam scrapped its long-standing two-child policy.
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Its new population law, which took effect on July 1st, is designed to nudge couples towards having larger families.
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The legislation offers things like seven months of maternity leave for a second child, lower costs for prenatal and newborn screenings,
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cash bonuses of up to 6 million dong, and priority housing for young parents who have two children before the age of 35.
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But will it be enough to reverse the population decline?
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It's a big issue that is to help people to live their children.
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That's a big issue to encourage everyone, children to live their children.
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But there are some points that the money is not enough, so the movement is not enough.
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It's enough to encourage everyone to live.
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Vietnam is looking to solve another problem that could potentially keep it from hitting its 2045 financial target.
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The country's informal workforce makes up around 63% of the total labor force.
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That means well over 33 million workers operate outside formal regulatory frameworks.
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And they don't have pensions set up for when they retire.
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Ministry of Home Affairs also tries the best to include people from the informal sector to the social protection system.
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As you know, informal workers usually don't participate in any social insurance system.
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And if they don't participate, meaning that they will get owed without any kind of social protection benefit.
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And it will become like a very huge burden for the future generation to pay tax in order to support them.
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The United Nations Population Fund found that 76% of Vietnam's elderly population do not have pensions.
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Vietnam revised its social insurance law in July 2025 to specifically bring informal,
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part-time and household workers under the national safety net.
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The revision reduced the minimum number of years required to contribute to social insurance from 20 to 15,
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making it more possible for aging informal workers to secure a future retirement pension.
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Last year we had Resolution 72 by the Central Party saying that we have universal healthcare for everyone.
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And we have a particular program for taking care of older persons.
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So we hope that older persons will be accessed more easily to all healthcare services at different places in Vietnam.
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And then they can improve their health status.
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So, can Vietnam break the trend and continue to get richer as it gets older?
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Dong says yes, so long as it plays its cards right.
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If we have a healthy older person, I don't think that is a really big concept.
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Because healthy older person, they continue contributing to the country.
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Because they are healthy, so we will not have health care costs as much as we expect
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if the older person is sick.
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That is why it depends on how older person at the time of Vietnam reached the age population threshold.
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We will see whether Vietnam faces a lot of problems or maybe opportunities for each population.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 56 वाक्य और 770 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:59 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 129 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| informal विशेषण | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | अनौपचारिक |
| worker संज्ञा | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | मज़दूर, श्रमिक |
| pension संज्ञा | /ˈpɛnʃən/ | पेंशन |
| encourage क्रिया | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | प्रेरित करना |
| participate क्रिया | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | भाग लेना, हिस्सा लेना |
| import संज्ञा | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | आयात |
| dong संज्ञा | /dɔŋ/ | दोंग |
| bonus संज्ञा | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | लाभांश |
| formal विशेषण | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | औपचारिक |
| strategic विशेषण | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | सामरिक |
| solve क्रिया | /sɒlv/ | सुलझाना, हल करना |
| priority संज्ञा | /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ | अग्रिमता, प्राथमिकता |
| decline क्रिया | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | गिरना |
| reverse संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈvɝs/ | विलोमित, विपरीत |
| retire क्रिया | /ɹəˈtaɪɹ/ | सेवानिवृत्ति |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has set · has evolved · have proved |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is designed · will be accessed |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 5 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, isn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: pension /ˈpɛnʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर informal, worker, pension जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।