Shadowing Practice: Will Vietnam get old before it gets rich? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Asia's latest success story isn't here.
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Or even here.
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It's Vietnam.
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This Southeast Asian nation is experiencing a period of rapid economic growth.
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But as the country grows richer, it is also growing older.
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The government has set a target of reaching upper-middle income status by 2030 and high income status by 2045.
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This means that by 2045, Vietnam needs to have an income per capita that is 3.3 times higher than what it is now.
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In a race against the clock, can Vietnam get rich before it gets old?
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This sentiment among young people in Vietnam has experts and the government worried.
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Fewer couples are deciding to have children.
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Vietnam's fertility rate sank to a record low of 1.91 births per woman in 2024,
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a figure that puts it below the replacement rate of 2.1.
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In 2034, we will be an age country where we will reach 14% of the population aged 65 and over.
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But at that time, from now to there, only eight years.
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So we expect to be a high-income country or not.
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It depends on how we grow from now until then.
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Vietnam's aging population woes could mean big problems down the line, as the country has evolved into a global manufacturing powerhouse.
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It has a strategic geographical location and low labor costs, which have proved advantageous in trade wars.
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U.S imports from China have plummeted since the Trump administration's first trade war.
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The annualized figure of 550 billion U.S dollars in 2018 was down to 270 billion dollars by early 2026.
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In contrast, imports from Vietnam surged from 50 billion U.S dollars to $240 billion during the same period.
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But the falling number of working-age people could prove to be a chokehold on its booming manufacturing industry.
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Last year, Vietnam scrapped its long-standing two-child policy.
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Its new population law, which took effect on July 1st, is designed to nudge couples towards having larger families.
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The legislation offers things like seven months of maternity leave for a second child, lower costs for prenatal and newborn screenings,
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cash bonuses of up to 6 million dong, and priority housing for young parents who have two children before the age of 35.
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But will it be enough to reverse the population decline?
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It's a big issue that is to help people to live their children.
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That's a big issue to encourage everyone, children to live their children.
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But there are some points that the money is not enough, so the movement is not enough.
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It's enough to encourage everyone to live.
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Vietnam is looking to solve another problem that could potentially keep it from hitting its 2045 financial target.
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The country's informal workforce makes up around 63% of the total labor force.
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That means well over 33 million workers operate outside formal regulatory frameworks.
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And they don't have pensions set up for when they retire.
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Ministry of Home Affairs also tries the best to include people from the informal sector to the social protection system.
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As you know, informal workers usually don't participate in any social insurance system.
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And if they don't participate, meaning that they will get owed without any kind of social protection benefit.
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And it will become like a very huge burden for the future generation to pay tax in order to support them.
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The United Nations Population Fund found that 76% of Vietnam's elderly population do not have pensions.
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Vietnam revised its social insurance law in July 2025 to specifically bring informal,
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part-time and household workers under the national safety net.
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The revision reduced the minimum number of years required to contribute to social insurance from 20 to 15,
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making it more possible for aging informal workers to secure a future retirement pension.
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Last year we had Resolution 72 by the Central Party saying that we have universal healthcare for everyone.
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And we have a particular program for taking care of older persons.
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So we hope that older persons will be accessed more easily to all healthcare services at different places in Vietnam.
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And then they can improve their health status.
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So, can Vietnam break the trend and continue to get richer as it gets older?
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Dong says yes, so long as it plays its cards right.
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If we have a healthy older person, I don't think that is a really big concept.
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Because healthy older person, they continue contributing to the country.
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Because they are healthy, so we will not have health care costs as much as we expect
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if the older person is sick.
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That is why it depends on how older person at the time of Vietnam reached the age population threshold.
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We will see whether Vietnam faces a lot of problems or maybe opportunities for each population.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 56 frases y 770 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:59. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 129 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| informal adjetivo | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | informal, aformal |
| worker sustantivo | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | trabajador, obrero |
| pension sustantivo | /ˈpɛnʃən/ | pensión |
| encourage verbo | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | alentar, arengar |
| participate verbo | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | participar |
| contribute verbo | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | contribuir, aportar |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender/pender (de), ser dependiente (de) |
| import sustantivo | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | importación |
| universal adjetivo | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | universal |
| household adjetivo | /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ | casero, hogareño |
| contrast sustantivo | /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ | contraste |
| bonus sustantivo | /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ | bonificación, plus |
| formal adjetivo | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | formal |
| replacement sustantivo | /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ | reemplazo, remplazo |
| clock sustantivo | /klɑk/ | cuentakilómetros |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | reponer, suplir |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has set · has evolved · have proved |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is designed · will be accessed |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, isn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: pension /ˈpɛnʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como informal, worker, pension.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.