Shadowing Practice: The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So here we can see all of the liquid cooling infrastructure for the Grace Blackwell Rack.
Aquí podemos ver toda la infraestructura de refrigeración líquida para el rack Grace Blackwell.
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Inside this Equinix data center in San Jose, California, there are hundreds of server racks,
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some executing massive AI compute tasks for the company's renting space here to run thousands of graphics and sensor processing units.
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There are eight GPU racks in here
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and each rack has 72 GPUs inside of it
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and all those chips get hot under heavy workloads server can boil your eggs
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they are like raining at 80 degree celsius the chips themselves would melt down
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if they weren't continuously cooled and keeping these chips cool requires a lot of water and power
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which is a major reason why there's a national backlash against
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ai data centers backlash against data centers is growing across the country.
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71 % of respondents said they would oppose the construction of a data center in their local area.
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Backlash is also growing around power, water costs, who pays, local and state leaders are hitting pause on new projects.
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The rate payers, both electrical and water, have seen their rates be shot up.
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They don't wanna have to pay for these data centers to be there.
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The largest data centers can use up to five million gallons per day.
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That's what a small town of up to 50 ,000 might use.
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A few data centers are using that much water, but most communities in the U .S.
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don't have the infrastructure to support that demand.
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But not all data centers and ways of keeping them cool are created equal.
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These servers are liquid -cooled in a closed -loop system, but liquid cooling is only the start of the water
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and power equation because the facility still has to get rid of the heat that's been absorbed by the liquid.
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How a data center does that is what really determines consumption rates.
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This closed -loop system itself doesn't necessarily mean the data center doesn't use water.
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How do we reject the heat from the closed -loop to the ambient environment?
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That's where the water usage comes in.
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From dry cooling to evaporative cooling towers and hybrid solutions in between, we visited data centers around the country and chip plants
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that need even more water to find out how data centers really use water, what liquid cooling looks like,
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and where the companies running the biggest AI workloads have room to improve.
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Inside data centers with closed loop systems, hyperscalers often label their cooling systems as using zero water for a majority of the year.
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What they're not taking into account is once that heat is moved off the chip, it has to get moved out of the building.
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And that part takes water and power.
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In fact, saving water often means using more power for cooling.
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There's no sort of silver bullet, but at some point you need to eject that heat out to the atmosphere, and that's where those tradeoffs occur.
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But inside the servers that zero water use is largely right.
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Once a closed loop system is filled up, no more water is consumed in this part of the process, keeping those chips inside the servers cool.
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This is one of the 18 compute trays.
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the gpus sit underneath these copper cold plates
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that have liquid running through them to remove the heat from the system
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this is amd's helios the only real competitor to nvidia's industry leading racks vera rubin
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and grace blackwell and both companies designed their latest systems
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so they can be entirely liquid cooled this is a cooling distribution unit
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that takes chilled water in from the facility filters it pumps it
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and distributes it to all of the helios racks keeping them cool
y lo distribuye a todos los racks Helios, manteniéndolos fríos.
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we're doing about 750 gallons per minute of chilled water
Estamos produciendo unos 750 galones por minuto de agua fría.
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but unlike some cooling systems this one is completely closed loop and so it's not a drain upon the resources
pero a diferencia de algunos sistemas de refrigeración, este es de circuito cerrado completo y, por lo tanto, no supone un derroche de recursos.
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the biggest advantage of liquid cooling however comes from just how quickly it can bring chip temperatures down
Sin embargo, la mayor ventaja de la refrigeración líquida radica en la rapidez con la que puede reducir la temperatura de los chips.
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so they can get back to work.
para que puedan volver al trabajo.
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Water is about 3 ,000 times more effective than air at removing heat from the chips.
El agua es aproximadamente 3.000 veces más eficaz que el aire para eliminar el calor de las patatas fritas.
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Therefore, you're able to increase the density in the same footprint.
Por lo tanto, es posible aumentar la densidad en la misma superficie.
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There's giant gigawatt plus sites built to run AI workloads for single huge companies like SpaceX AI, OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Amazon.
Existen enormes centros de datos con una capacidad superior a los gigavatios, diseñados para ejecutar cargas de trabajo de IA para grandes empresas individuales como SpaceX AI, OpenAI, Google, Meta y Amazon.
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Then there's co -location data centers like this one.
Y luego están los centros de datos de coubicación como este.
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Equinix, a big beneficiary of the AI boom, provides the building, power, network connections, and cooling to companies renting space for their server racks like
Equinix, uno de los grandes beneficiarios del auge de la IA, proporciona el edificio, la energía, las conexiones de red y la refrigeración a las empresas que alquilan espacio para sus racks de servidores como
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these NVIDIA Blackwell racks owned by NVIDIA -backed AI software startup Alembic.
Estos racks NVIDIA Blackwell son propiedad de Alembic, una empresa emergente de software de IA respaldada por NVIDIA.
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So we went to an Equinix data center where these servers
Así que fuimos a un centro de datos de Equinix donde se encuentran estos servidores.
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are running real workloads today to see how this looks when the systems are powered on.
Hoy estamos ejecutando cargas de trabajo reales para ver cómo se ve esto cuando los sistemas están encendidos.
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So these white pipes that are coming in are coming from our facility.
Estas tuberías blancas que están llegando provienen de nuestras instalaciones.
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So it's our chilled water infrastructure and then it goes across a heat exchanger plate.
Se trata de nuestra infraestructura de agua fría, que luego pasa por una placa intercambiadora de calor.
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So that's how we're able to maintain the temperature and flow of the stainless steel piping that's distributed to the
Así es como podemos mantener la temperatura y el flujo de las tuberías de acero inoxidable que se distribuyen a la
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This Equinix data center in San Jose is on a closed -loop system, but it does still consume water.
Este centro de datos de Equinix en San José funciona con un sistema de circuito cerrado, pero aun así consume agua.
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Like many data center operators, Equinix doesn't disclose water consumption at individual sites like this.
Al igual que muchos operadores de centros de datos, Equinix no divulga el consumo de agua en instalaciones individuales como esta.
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In 2025, though, all Equinix operations consumed 1 .2 billion gallons of water, up 10 % from 2024.
Sin embargo, en 2025, todas las operaciones de Equinix consumieron 1.200 millones de galones de agua, un 10 % más que en 2024.
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We're in 77 metros
Estamos en 77 áreas metropolitanas.
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and you know our entire global water footprint is the equivalent
y sabes que nuestra huella hídrica global total es equivalente
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of about 16 18 -hole golf courses in the southwestern United States.
de aproximadamente 16 campos de golf de 18 hoyos en el suroeste de Estados Unidos.
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One of the leading suppliers of liquid cooling equipment to giants like NVIDIA and AMD is CoolIT.
Uno de los principales proveedores de equipos de refrigeración líquida para gigantes como NVIDIA y AMD es CoolIT.
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All the cold plates, the heat exchangers, and the connecting tissue between them.
Todas las placas frías, los intercambiadores de calor y el tejido que los conecta.
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We've done that for 25 years.
Llevamos 25 años haciéndolo.
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COOL -IT was acquired by water treatment company Ecolab for $4 .75 billion in July,
COOL -IT fue adquirida por la empresa de tratamiento de agua Ecolab por 4.750 millones de dólares en julio.
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as AI drives huge demand for an especially efficient system called direct -to -chip cooling.
La inteligencia artificial impulsa una enorme demanda de un sistema especialmente eficiente llamado refrigeración directa al chip.
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Direct -to -chip cooling uses a coolant that includes glycol to help stop corrosion, freezing, or biological growth inside the highly sensitive systems,
La refrigeración directa al chip utiliza un refrigerante que incluye glicol para ayudar a detener la corrosión, la congelación o el crecimiento biológico dentro de los sistemas altamente sensibles.
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but it's still primarily made of water.
pero sigue estando compuesto principalmente de agua.
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Legacy data centers were often air -cooled, in which large, noisy fans push cool air through heat exchangers to carry the heat away.
Los centros de datos tradicionales solían ser refrigerados por aire, en los que grandes y ruidosos ventiladores impulsan aire frío a través de intercambiadores de calor para disipar el calor.
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Air -cooled is for, let's say, CPU -based servers, cloud servers, storage servers, networking equipment.
La refrigeración por aire se utiliza, por ejemplo, en servidores basados en CPU, servidores en la nube, servidores de almacenamiento y equipos de red.
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They only need air -cooled because their heat density is much lower than GPUs.
Solo necesitan refrigeración por aire porque su densidad de calor es mucho menor que la de las GPU.
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And for GPUs, due to the high power density, air -cooled system is not enough.
Y en el caso de las GPU, debido a su alta densidad de potencia, un sistema de refrigeración por aire no es suficiente.
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They run at such a high wattage, a high temperature.
Funcionan a una potencia muy alta y a una temperatura elevada.
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You would need nearly hurricane -force winds to actually cool them down if you were just using air, which is why water is so effective.
Si solo se utilizara aire, se necesitarían vientos casi huracanados para enfriarlos, por eso el agua es tan eficaz.
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Still, the sheer scale of this data center build -out has many residents worried.
Sin embargo, la magnitud de la construcción de este centro de datos tiene a muchos residentes preocupados.
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More than 2 ,000 new data centers are planned in communities all across the country, on top of nearly 1 ,400 already in operation.
Se prevé la construcción de más de 2.000 nuevos centros de datos en comunidades de todo el país, que se sumarán a los casi 1.400 que ya están en funcionamiento.
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In many places, the water supply simply can't support up to 8 million daily
En muchos lugares, el suministro de agua simplemente no puede abastecer hasta 8 millones de personas al día.
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gallons needed at peak times for a 1 -gigawatt site like MEDA's in Lebanon, Indiana.
Galones necesarios en las horas punta para una planta de 1 gigavatio como la de MEDA en Lebanon, Indiana.
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Because in reality, there's a big way water is still used, even when it's a closed -loop system.
Porque, en realidad, todavía se utiliza mucho agua, incluso en sistemas de circuito cerrado.
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That water has to get cooled back down using external cooling, a separate step from closed -loop systems inside the building.
Esa agua debe enfriarse nuevamente mediante un sistema de refrigeración externo, un paso independiente de los sistemas de circuito cerrado dentro del edificio.
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And it turns out the less water you use for this, the more power you need.
Y resulta que cuanta menos agua uses para esto, más energía necesitarás.
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So let's talk about the options.
Hablemos entonces de las opciones.
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The simplest approach is just use the outside air.
La solución más sencilla es simplemente utilizar el aire exterior.
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And it works pretty well in the wintertime when the air is cold.
Y funciona bastante bien en invierno, cuando hace frío.
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Using ambient air is indeed the least water -intensive method.
Utilizar el aire ambiente es, sin duda, el método que menos agua consume.
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Known as dry cooling, large fans blow air across heat exchangers, using that outside air to cool it down.
Conocido como refrigeración en seco, este sistema consiste en que grandes ventiladores impulsan aire a través de intercambiadores de calor, utilizando ese aire exterior para enfriarlos.
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Those fans don't work so well when the outside temperature is high.
Esos ventiladores no funcionan muy bien cuando la temperatura exterior es alta.
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And that's when power -hungry cooling units, similar to household AC, need to kick on.
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That's a very power -intensive process.
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And that's exactly why we have power shortages in the summer, because everybody else turns on their AC.
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Evaporative cooling is the most water -intensive method because water is lost in evaporation.
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The hot water circulates through cooling towers or over wet pads that are exposed to air,
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and the portion that evaporates carries the heat away with it.
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In between those two extremes, hybrid methods are common as companies try to find a balance,
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such as dry cooling in the colder months and evaporative cooling when it's hot outside,
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or a fine mist of water is sprayed to cool the incoming air before it passes through the dry cooling system.
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There are data centers in Texas and in Phoenix, you know, where's 100 degrees during the day.
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They have the land to provide to the data centers, but they really are not the environment the data center should be in.
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Companies often build water treatment plants to help treat and recycle the necessary water, like one promised by Elon Musk in Memphis
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that's meant to turn treated municipal wastewater into cooling water for SpaceX AI's Colossus data centers.
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While Colossus 1 came online rapidly back in 2024, construction on the water treatment plant has stalled.
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Colossus is allocated up to 1 .28 million gallons of water per day, and reports indicate it uses an average of 800 ,000 gallons per day.
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As more data centers turn to water -efficient cooling methods, more power is needed.
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That's in addition to the power needed to run all the servers and equipment.
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It's why new data centers will account for most of the projected increase in electricity demand over the next decade,
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and why tech companies are building their own power plants, which also use a lot of water.
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At the end of the day, cooling the massive projects needed to supply the AI boom currently requires either a large amount of water or power.
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There are, however, companies working hard on ways to make it better.
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One idea? make the chips themselves run less hot.
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We provided over 25 degrees Celsius difference, or 40 degrees Celsius difference in the temperature, I mean, the thermal characteristics.
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Lokwon Kim's South Korean chip startup, DeepX, makes a low -power AI processor that runs so cool, it doesn't even melt butter placed on top,
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as shown in a demo filmed by DeepX.
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We gave the same AI workload, and then we just put the butter on them.
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Every chip melted each butter, except for the best chip.
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Hyundai Motor Group Robotics Lab has announced that this year, their first commercialized robots will use our chips.
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Lower heat chips are also in the works at SK Hynix, the world's leading maker of high bandwidth memory crucial for AI.
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Its next generation iHBM is designed specifically to reduce heat generation, which would lower the water or power needed for cooling.
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We developed IHBM with ICE technology.
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ICE stands for integrated cooling element and we can reduce the thermal resistance by 30%.
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At Cool IT, it's working on getting the liquid even closer to the chips.
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There's some really cool instances of water almost in the chip or just on top of the chip.
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That's all about being able to deliver even warmer water to the data center
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and continuing this ride towards ever more efficient use of liquid cooling in data centers.
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And at data centers like Equinix, efficient water use is crucial as AI workloads and business from customers continues to grow.
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At Equinix, we take it very, very seriously.
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Communities rightly have begun to ask the right questions.
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Data centers consume energy, they consume resources like water, but they also provide a very critical function to modern society.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool”. Las palabras que más se repiten: center, cooling, chip, heat, liquid. Este vídeo tiene 99 frases y 1919 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 11:44. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 163 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| chip sustantivo | /t͡ʃɪp/ | astilla, cepa |
| server sustantivo | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | servidor |
| liquid sustantivo | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | líquido |
| loop sustantivo | /luːp/ | lazo, lazada |
| rack sustantivo | /ɹæk/ | estante, estantería |
| gallon sustantivo | /ˈɡælən/ | galón |
| consume verbo | /kənˈsum/ | consumir |
| efficient adjetivo | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | eficiente, eficaz |
| infrastructure sustantivo | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infraestructura |
| butter sustantivo | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | mantequilla, manteca |
| density sustantivo | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | densidad |
| chill verbo | /tʃɪl/ | enfriar |
| intensive adjetivo | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/ | intensivo |
| melt verbo | /mɛlt/ | derretirse, fundirse |
| backlash sustantivo | /ˈbækˌlæʃ/ | reacción opuesta, contragolpe |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| fill up verbo | llenar, repletar |
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse |
| get back to verbo | responder / contestar (en un rato), volver / tornar a contactar |
| pass through verbo | atravesar |
| run through verbo | resumir |
| shoot up verbo | balear, abalear |
| turn out verbo | resultar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | weren't continuously cooled · be shot · are created |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have seen · that's been absorbed · We've done |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 14 contracciones y formas reducidas, como doesn't, don't, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/, spray /spɹeɪ/, stall /stɔːl/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: server /ˈsɝvɚ/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, vera /ˈvɪɹə/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, pause /pɔːz/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como chip, server, liquid.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.