跟读练习: The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool - 通过视频学习英语口语

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So here we can see all of the liquid cooling infrastructure for the Grace Blackwell Rack.

Inside this Equinix data center in San Jose, California, there are hundreds of server racks,

some executing massive AI compute tasks for the company's renting space here to run thousands of graphics and sensor processing units.

There are eight GPU racks in here

and each rack has 72 GPUs inside of it

and all those chips get hot under heavy workloads server can boil your eggs

they are like raining at 80 degree celsius the chips themselves would melt down

if they weren't continuously cooled and keeping these chips cool requires a lot of water and power

which is a major reason why there's a national backlash against

ai data centers backlash against data centers is growing across the country.

71 % of respondents said they would oppose the construction of a data center in their local area.

Backlash is also growing around power, water costs, who pays, local and state leaders are hitting pause on new projects.

The rate payers, both electrical and water, have seen their rates be shot up.

They don't wanna have to pay for these data centers to be there.

The largest data centers can use up to five million gallons per day.

That's what a small town of up to 50 ,000 might use.

A few data centers are using that much water, but most communities in the U .S.

don't have the infrastructure to support that demand.

But not all data centers and ways of keeping them cool are created equal.

These servers are liquid -cooled in a closed -loop system, but liquid cooling is only the start of the water

and power equation because the facility still has to get rid of the heat that's been absorbed by the liquid.

How a data center does that is what really determines consumption rates.

This closed -loop system itself doesn't necessarily mean the data center doesn't use water.

How do we reject the heat from the closed -loop to the ambient environment?

That's where the water usage comes in.

From dry cooling to evaporative cooling towers and hybrid solutions in between, we visited data centers around the country and chip plants

that need even more water to find out how data centers really use water, what liquid cooling looks like,

and where the companies running the biggest AI workloads have room to improve.

Inside data centers with closed loop systems, hyperscalers often label their cooling systems as using zero water for a majority of the year.

What they're not taking into account is once that heat is moved off the chip, it has to get moved out of the building.

And that part takes water and power.

In fact, saving water often means using more power for cooling.

There's no sort of silver bullet, but at some point you need to eject that heat out to the atmosphere, and that's where those tradeoffs occur.

But inside the servers that zero water use is largely right.

Once a closed loop system is filled up, no more water is consumed in this part of the process, keeping those chips inside the servers cool.

This is one of the 18 compute trays.

the gpus sit underneath these copper cold plates

that have liquid running through them to remove the heat from the system

this is amd's helios the only real competitor to nvidia's industry leading racks vera rubin

and grace blackwell and both companies designed their latest systems

so they can be entirely liquid cooled this is a cooling distribution unit

that takes chilled water in from the facility filters it pumps it

and distributes it to all of the helios racks keeping them cool

we're doing about 750 gallons per minute of chilled water

but unlike some cooling systems this one is completely closed loop and so it's not a drain upon the resources

the biggest advantage of liquid cooling however comes from just how quickly it can bring chip temperatures down

so they can get back to work.

Water is about 3 ,000 times more effective than air at removing heat from the chips.

Therefore, you're able to increase the density in the same footprint.

There's giant gigawatt plus sites built to run AI workloads for single huge companies like SpaceX AI, OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Amazon.

Then there's co -location data centers like this one.

Equinix, a big beneficiary of the AI boom, provides the building, power, network connections, and cooling to companies renting space for their server racks like

these NVIDIA Blackwell racks owned by NVIDIA -backed AI software startup Alembic.

So we went to an Equinix data center where these servers

are running real workloads today to see how this looks when the systems are powered on.

So these white pipes that are coming in are coming from our facility.

So it's our chilled water infrastructure and then it goes across a heat exchanger plate.

So that's how we're able to maintain the temperature and flow of the stainless steel piping that's distributed to the

This Equinix data center in San Jose is on a closed -loop system, but it does still consume water.

Like many data center operators, Equinix doesn't disclose water consumption at individual sites like this.

In 2025, though, all Equinix operations consumed 1 .2 billion gallons of water, up 10 % from 2024.

We're in 77 metros

and you know our entire global water footprint is the equivalent

of about 16 18 -hole golf courses in the southwestern United States.

One of the leading suppliers of liquid cooling equipment to giants like NVIDIA and AMD is CoolIT.

All the cold plates, the heat exchangers, and the connecting tissue between them.

We've done that for 25 years.

COOL -IT was acquired by water treatment company Ecolab for $4 .75 billion in July,

as AI drives huge demand for an especially efficient system called direct -to -chip cooling.

Direct -to -chip cooling uses a coolant that includes glycol to help stop corrosion, freezing, or biological growth inside the highly sensitive systems,

but it's still primarily made of water.

Legacy data centers were often air -cooled, in which large, noisy fans push cool air through heat exchangers to carry the heat away.

Air -cooled is for, let's say, CPU -based servers, cloud servers, storage servers, networking equipment.

They only need air -cooled because their heat density is much lower than GPUs.

And for GPUs, due to the high power density, air -cooled system is not enough.

They run at such a high wattage, a high temperature.

You would need nearly hurricane -force winds to actually cool them down if you were just using air, which is why water is so effective.

Still, the sheer scale of this data center build -out has many residents worried.

More than 2 ,000 new data centers are planned in communities all across the country, on top of nearly 1 ,400 already in operation.

In many places, the water supply simply can't support up to 8 million daily

gallons needed at peak times for a 1 -gigawatt site like MEDA's in Lebanon, Indiana.

Because in reality, there's a big way water is still used, even when it's a closed -loop system.

That water has to get cooled back down using external cooling, a separate step from closed -loop systems inside the building.

And it turns out the less water you use for this, the more power you need.

So let's talk about the options.

The simplest approach is just use the outside air.

And it works pretty well in the wintertime when the air is cold.

Using ambient air is indeed the least water -intensive method.

Known as dry cooling, large fans blow air across heat exchangers, using that outside air to cool it down.

Those fans don't work so well when the outside temperature is high.

And that's when power -hungry cooling units, similar to household AC, need to kick on.

That's a very power -intensive process.

And that's exactly why we have power shortages in the summer, because everybody else turns on their AC.

Evaporative cooling is the most water -intensive method because water is lost in evaporation.

The hot water circulates through cooling towers or over wet pads that are exposed to air,

and the portion that evaporates carries the heat away with it.

In between those two extremes, hybrid methods are common as companies try to find a balance,

such as dry cooling in the colder months and evaporative cooling when it's hot outside,

or a fine mist of water is sprayed to cool the incoming air before it passes through the dry cooling system.

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There are data centers in Texas and in Phoenix, you know, where's 100 degrees during the day.

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They have the land to provide to the data centers, but they really are not the environment the data center should be in.

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Companies often build water treatment plants to help treat and recycle the necessary water, like one promised by Elon Musk in Memphis

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that's meant to turn treated municipal wastewater into cooling water for SpaceX AI's Colossus data centers.

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While Colossus 1 came online rapidly back in 2024, construction on the water treatment plant has stalled.

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Colossus is allocated up to 1 .28 million gallons of water per day, and reports indicate it uses an average of 800 ,000 gallons per day.

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As more data centers turn to water -efficient cooling methods, more power is needed.

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That's in addition to the power needed to run all the servers and equipment.

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It's why new data centers will account for most of the projected increase in electricity demand over the next decade,

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and why tech companies are building their own power plants, which also use a lot of water.

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At the end of the day, cooling the massive projects needed to supply the AI boom currently requires either a large amount of water or power.

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There are, however, companies working hard on ways to make it better.

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One idea? make the chips themselves run less hot.

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We provided over 25 degrees Celsius difference, or 40 degrees Celsius difference in the temperature, I mean, the thermal characteristics.

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Lokwon Kim's South Korean chip startup, DeepX, makes a low -power AI processor that runs so cool, it doesn't even melt butter placed on top,

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as shown in a demo filmed by DeepX.

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We gave the same AI workload, and then we just put the butter on them.

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Every chip melted each butter, except for the best chip.

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Hyundai Motor Group Robotics Lab has announced that this year, their first commercialized robots will use our chips.

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Lower heat chips are also in the works at SK Hynix, the world's leading maker of high bandwidth memory crucial for AI.

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Its next generation iHBM is designed specifically to reduce heat generation, which would lower the water or power needed for cooling.

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We developed IHBM with ICE technology.

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ICE stands for integrated cooling element and we can reduce the thermal resistance by 30%.

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At Cool IT, it's working on getting the liquid even closer to the chips.

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There's some really cool instances of water almost in the chip or just on top of the chip.

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That's all about being able to deliver even warmer water to the data center

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and continuing this ride towards ever more efficient use of liquid cooling in data centers.

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And at data centers like Equinix, efficient water use is crucial as AI workloads and business from customers continues to grow.

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At Equinix, we take it very, very seriously.

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Communities rightly have begun to ask the right questions.

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Data centers consume energy, they consume resources like water, but they also provide a very critical function to modern society.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：center, cooling, chip, heat, liquid。这段视频共有 99 个句子、1919 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 11:44。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 163 个词，接近日常对话。只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
chip 名词	/t͡ʃɪp/	筹码
server 名词	/ˈsɝvɚ/	服務器 /服务器, 伺服器
liquid 名词	/ˈlɪk.wɪd/	液體 /液体, 液態 /液态
loop 名词	/luːp/	圈, 環 /环
rack 名词	/ɹæk/	架子
gallon 名词	/ˈɡælən/	加侖 /加仑
consume 动词	/kənˈsum/	耗費 /耗费, 消耗
efficient 形容词	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	高效率
infrastructure 名词	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	基礎設施 /基础设施
butter 名词	/ˈbʌtɚ/	牛油, bá-tah
density 名词	/ˈdɛn.sə.ti/	密度
chill 动词	/tʃɪl/	使变冷
melt 动词	/mɛlt/	融化, 熔化
backlash 名词	/ˈbækˌlæʃ/	反彈 /反弹
consumption 名词	/kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/	消費 /消费

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
fill up 动词	裝滿 /装满
find out 动词	找出, 查明
shoot up 动词	飆升 /飙升
turn out 动词	原來 /原来

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	weren't continuously cooled · be shot · are created
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have seen · that's been absorbed · We've done

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 14 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, don't, we're。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/
长单词——注意重音位置: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: server /ˈsɝvɚ/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, vera /ˈvɪɹə/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: chip /t͡ʃɪp/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, loop /luːp/, rack /ɹæk/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 chip, server, liquid 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The Truth About How Data Centers Use Water And Power To Keep Cool - 通过视频学习英语口语

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