跟读练习: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.

We're delighted that you're here.

Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.

The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.

What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.

Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.

We think a lot about real take home pay.

The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.

That's just the arithmetic.

Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.

As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.

That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.

When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.

Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.

Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?

Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.

Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.

So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.

Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.

The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.

The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?

I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.

If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.

Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.

They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.

history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.

But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.

Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.

The Fed can act on wages indirectly.

It can raise or lower interest rates.

It's not a perfect tool.

It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.

What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.

That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.

Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.

And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.

Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin。这段视频共有 37 个句子、750 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 4:23。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 171 个词，接近日常对话。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
productivity 名词	/ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/	生產力 /生产力, 效率
inflation 名词	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	通貨膨脹 /通货膨胀, 通脹 /通胀
arithmetic 名词	/æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/	算術 /算术
factual 形容词	/ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/	事實 /事实
capitalist 名词	/ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/	資本家 /资本家
stimulus 名词	/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/	刺激物
economist 名词	/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/	經濟學家 /经济学家
delight 名词	/dəˈlaɪt/	樂趣 /乐趣
colleague 名词	/ˈkɒliːɡ/	同事, 同僚
tremendous 形容词	/tɹɪˈmɛndəs/	令人敬畏/驚歎/驚異的 /令人敬畏/惊叹/惊异的
advise 动词	/ədˈvaɪz/	勸導 /劝导, 勸告 /劝告
monetary 形容词	/ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/	貨幣 /货币
yield 动词	/jiːld/	產量 /产量, 產生 /产生
testimony 名词	/ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/	證言 /证言, 證詞 /证词
consecutive 形容词	/kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/	連續的 /连续的, 隨後的 /随后的

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
show up 动词	露面

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
“used to” used to + 动词 — 过去的习惯或状态，现在已不再如此	used to be
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been · has evened · have still gotten
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is led · was sent

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, there'll, haven't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, credible /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 productivity, inflation, arithmetic 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 通过视频学习英语口语

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