シャドーイング練習: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.

We're delighted that you're here.

Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.

The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.

What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.

Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.

We think a lot about real take home pay.

The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.

That's just the arithmetic.

Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.

As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.

That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.

When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.

Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.

Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?

Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.

Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.

So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.

Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.

The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.

The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?

I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.

If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.

Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.

They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.

history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.

But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.

Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.

The Fed can act on wages indirectly.

It can raise or lower interest rates.

It's not a perfect tool.

It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.

What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.

That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.

Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.

And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.

Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が37文、単語が750語あります。音声の長さは4:23です。話す速さは1分あたり約171語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
productivity 名詞	/ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/	生産性
inflation 名詞	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	インフレ, インフレーション
arithmetic 名詞	/æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/	算数
materialize 動詞	/məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/	現れる, 現る
semiannual 形容詞		半年ごとの
factual 形容詞	/ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/	事実上の
capitalist 名詞	/ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/	資本家
stimulus 名詞	/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/	刺激
economist 名詞	/iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/	経済学者, エコノミスト
delight 名詞	/dəˈlaɪt/	喜び
colleague 名詞	/ˈkɒliːɡ/	同僚, 同業者
tremendous 形容詞	/tɹɪˈmɛndəs/	莫大
advise 動詞	/ədˈvaɪz/	助言する, 忠告する
monetary 形容詞	/ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/	貨幣の, 金銭的な
yield 動詞	/jiːld/	もたらす

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
show up 動詞	現れる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態	used to be
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been · has evened · have still gotten
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is led · was sent

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, there'll, haven'tなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
「sh」と「zh」の音: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, credible /ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, factual /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。productivity, inflation, arithmeticなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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