تدريب Shadowing: Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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37 جمل
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1
Kevin Warsh was on Capitol Hill as part of the semiannual monetary policy hearings that Congress holds.
2
We're delighted that you're here.
3
Your report to Congress is important, and we do count on the factual nature of that.
4
The cost of living was a big theme in Bush's testimony.
5
What I'm hearing from people in my state is that it's not necessarily full employment with good wages.
6
Warsh himself acknowledged a number of times that inflation has been higher than 2% for 63 consecutive months.
7
We think a lot about real take home pay.
8
The part that the Fed can do a lot about is the real part. If inflation were lower, real take home pay would be higher.
9
That's just the arithmetic.
10
Wages are a pretty big issue for the Fed.
11
As we were coming out of the pandemic and all of the stimulus was out there, it was having a tremendous effect on wages. Wages were through the roof over time.
12
That has evened out. Of course, something like that's not going to continue forever.
13
When we talk about wages, you have to take inflation into account. People have still gotten raises, but that has gotten eaten away by rising energy prices. The level of real wages has stayed flat or declined, even though people are still sometimes getting actually bigger paychecks than they used to be.
14
Job switchers are getting a much better bang for their buck as far as wages go.
15
Job stayers? Not so much people at the lower end of the income spectrum?
16
Not so much in terms of whether wages are keeping up with inflation. People at the higher end of the spectrum are doing better.
17
Wages have moved up at a reasonable pace, but it's likely that as productivity moves up more, we should see wages move more.
18
So the Fed, in its report to Congress this month, said productivity is starting to look really promising. Productivity is basically how much gets produced for a given hour of work.
19
Generally speaking, productivity is the thing that makes economic growth happen.
20
The US economy for a long time was in a kind of productivity slump that people really worried about.
21
The big question for a long time is, what is the United States going to do to try to get productivity to increase again?
22
I think Kevin Warsh made AI as one of his top task force priorities because he wants to get out in front of the issue.
23
If this cycle, Congressman, is like the previous positive technology shocks, the US will be richer, will be more productive, there'll be more labor, there'll be more wages, there'll be more compensation.
24
Kevin Warsh personally selected the three members of this task force.
25
They are Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, Charles Jones, who is a former Stanford economist who's recently gone to anthropic, and Asha Sharma, who is the CEO of Xbox at Microsoft. Those are all sort of big bullish pro tech voices. The kind of big changes that Kevin Warsh is talking about at the Fed have not really materialized. He's got a guy, for instance, advising him who says economic growth used to be 2% for 150 years in U.S.
26
history. And now AI is going to make it be 5%.
27
But those numbers really haven't shown up yet.
28
Can you understand why a task force that is led by people in large part, who are likely to get richer by AI might not be the most credible people.
29
The Fed can act on wages indirectly.
30
It can raise or lower interest rates.
31
It's not a perfect tool.
32
It's not an exact tool, but it is the main tool that the Fed has to influence economic conditions.
33
What we can do in making sure that people are confident that the change in prices is at such a level, that they don't have to think about it, and they don't have to talk about it.
34
That is consistent with long term Treasury yields being lower, and that's also consistent with mortgages being more affordable.
35
Kevin Warsh was sent to the Fed by Donald Trump with the anticipation that at some point, he's going to offer lower interest rates.
36
And Chairman Warsh's contention behind the ability to do that is the fact that AI is going to result in a strong productivity boom.
37
Warsh, his own colleagues don't believe that case right now. It's going to be interesting to see how well he's able to sell that.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “Why Workers Stopped Getting Big Raises”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: wages, Warsh, productivity, Fed, Kevin. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 37 جملة و750 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 4:23. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 171 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 83% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 13 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| productivity اسم | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | إنْتَاجِيَّة |
| inflation اسم | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | تَضَخُّم |
| arithmetic اسم | /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ | حساب, العدّ |
| materialize فعل | /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/ | جَسَّدَ |
| economist اسم | /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ | اِقْتِصَادِيّ |
| delight اسم | /dəˈlaɪt/ | فُرْجَة |
| colleague اسم | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | شَرِيك, شَرِيكَة |
| buck اسم | /ˈbʌk/ | وَعْل, كَبْش |
| advise فعل | /ədˈvaɪz/ | نَصَحَ |
| monetary صفة | /ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/ | نَقْدِيّ, مَالِيّ |
| yield فعل | /jiːld/ | أَجْزَأَ, أَجْزَى |
| testimony اسم | /ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/ | شَهَادَة, إِفَادَة |
| acknowledge فعل | /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/ | شَكَرَ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| eat away فعل | /it‿əˈweɪ/ | أَبْلَى, أَهْلَكَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + فعل — عادة أو حالة في الماضي لم تعد قائمة | used to be |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has been · has evened · have still gotten |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is led · was sent |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 10 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل don't, there'll, haven't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, bullish /ˈbʊlɪʃ/, contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, materialize /məˈtɪɹiəlaɪz/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, paycheck /ˈpeɪ.t͡ʃɛk/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, stayer /ˈsteɪ.ɚ/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل productivity, inflation, arithmetic.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.