Shadowing Practice: 3 Questions That Reveal What Your Life Is Missing - Arthur Brooks - Learn English Speaking with Video
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How can people work out the meaning that they've got in their life?
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What are the big questions that you should ask?
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Yeah. So...
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There are three big why questions that constitute meaning.
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And this actually comes from the work of Michael Steger, who's a really good social psychologist at University of Michigan in Colorado.
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And he, uh, he has the three parts, the three elements of meaning, which are called coherence, purpose, and significance.
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And there are three why questions.
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Number one is, you have to have an answer to the question, you know, why are things happening the way they are in my life?
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You know, things are happening all around me all the time.
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Why?
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Part of meaning is having an answer to that.
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Maybe that's a, maybe that's your religious answer.
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like because of the mind of God.
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Maybe that's your scientific answer, because these are the laws of the universe.
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Maybe you're a conspiracy theorist and say, because powerful people are doing these things.
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Conspiracy theories are nothing more than crying out for an answer to the coherence question, which is a meaning problem.
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You know, when, so if you have a relative who's going down the rabbit hole on the craziest conspiracy theories, don't, you don't throw data in their face and say,
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you moron, that's the wrong way to approach it.
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They're, they're having a meaning crisis.
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They're having a happiness crisis is the reason they're doing this in the first place.
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So coherence, number one, you know, why things happen the way they do.
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Second, why am I doing what I'm doing?
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That's purpose purpose and meaning are not the same.
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Purpose is goals and direction so you can make progress.
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So why am I doing what I'm doing?
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And if the answer is, I don't know, then you can't make progress because we're just going in circles.
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You're just a, a, a carnival cruise ship, just kind of randomly going around and around and around and around.
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It's the reason I find cruises unbelievably depressing.
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They don't go someplace, right?
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I'm a teleological individual like you.
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I want a goal, right?
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And that's purpose.
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And, and so in the, in the, in the research, you know, Sonia Lou Womirsky's stuff, have you had her on the show?
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Next week or the week after?
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Super good.
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Yeah.
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She's awesome.
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And she's at UC Riverside and she does these work on goals and you'll give students these just random goals.
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Like you're getting a B minus in physics.
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You know, it's going to be plus this semester, just that goal.
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They get happier, they get more directed.
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Life seems better because they have more meaning in their life.
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That's what it comes down to.
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Even arbitrary goals work better to have meaningful goals and last, but at least the significance and that's.
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My life matters.
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You know, my life matters to someone.
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you know, to my dog, to my wife, to God, to my kids.
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And so that's the love question.
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And all these things are completely missing in modern culture for so many people.
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You know, why do things happen the way that they do?
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It's just random.
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I don't know.
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Why am I doing what I'm I get up and I surf, I get up and I go on a Zoom meeting for a company I don't really care about.
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And, you know, what is the significance of my life?
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Why does my life matter?
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I don't think it does.
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And that's, those are the three things to actually keep in mind.
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What happens psychologically when life feels random?
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When life feels random, then it feels like anything could happen at any time and there is no control.
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There are no levers that you can actually pull.
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So you, you're not an active player in your own life when there is no coherence, when you don't see a pattern, it's a big problem.
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You know, when you, when you, you remember when you learn to drive, how old do you have to be in the UK?
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17. Okay.
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And, and when you first, you know, you got a lot of confidence, but when you're looking at the traffic and all like, and it's like, it's like chaos.
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Wildly intimidating.
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I learned to drive in a mini, which is a very British way to do it, but it's fucking terrifying.
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You're like half the height of everybody else.
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Yeah.
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And you know, any, any system that you're in that doesn't seem to make sense, that's.
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that that that it tends to feel really really meaningless
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because you don't know what you can actually do to have some sense of agency.
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There's no sense of agency when there is no coherence, is what it comes down to.
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So, for example, if you believe that things happen the way they do because that's what God wills, then you're going to try to work that lever.
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You're going to pray.
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For example, you're going to have a relationship with God.
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If you believe it's because of the laws of science, you're going to learn more about science, and you're going to actually enter into that particular dimension.
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So, for example, I'm a behavioral scientist.
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I really believe in science.
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I really believe that it's just like, it gives you My job is to explain the science and explain how people can interact with the science.
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It's a pure coherence play is what it comes down to.
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And if it's all about conspiracy theories, then I'm going to get online and, you know, share them with my friends.
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So that's why coherence really matters, so that you can have agency over your life.
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And why are directionalists people so psychologically fragile?
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They're fragile because they don't know actually in which direction that they're going, which means they can't make progress.
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Now, remember this whole idea of happiness comes from making progress toward a goal.
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And there's tons of really interesting examples of this.
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The weight loss literature is super interesting in this.
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So, Diets are all effective and they're all catastrophic failures is what it comes down to.
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Effective insofar as that almost any diet will make you lose weight, but they have between an 80 and 95 % failure rate after a year, meaning you gain all the weight back and then some.
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It's a weird industry.
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It's like a $40 billion industry in the United States that fails.
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It's poroboros of nutritional advice.
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It's craziness.
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You know, 9 out of 10 times, they fail.
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Um, now, now why, why are they successful? Because
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in in economically it's because temporarily they make you make progress
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but they ultimately fail
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because once you get to your goal your goal weight the
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reward is never getting to eat what you like ever again for the rest of your life congratulations
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that and then you get the arrival fallacy is what it comes down to
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so what you want in life is something where you can
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just make constant progress i want to be like i want
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to be a better dad i want to be a better person i want to create "Eh, well, I got to the best dad I can possibly be,
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so that's all good." No, I can always work to be a better husband.
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I can always work to be a better friend.
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I can always work to be a better citizen.
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I can always work to love my country more.
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I can always work to actually do something more important in my work
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and reach more people with the moral objectives that I have.
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And that's what I need.
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I need goals I can't meet.
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I don't...
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I think that the confusing thing is that if...
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Significance is about being valuable to others and not famous.
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Why is it the case that modern people confuse the two?
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Part of the reason is because, um, what strivers they get into there's actually a pathology that that that is in the middle of this.
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So what you find is that certain people, Let me back up a little bit.
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I work, I'm sort of the striver whisperer.
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In my work, I specialize in people who do incredible things, right?
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And that's just because...
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That's fun, although it is, but because that's the kind of books that I write, you know, people who do amazing things and still don't have perfect lives.
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That's, kind of my area of research.
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as a matter of fact, they have a common childhood.
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And it kind of looks like this, you know, super strivers who are never satisfied and struggle.
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They generally speaking, um, found that they only got attention and affection from their parents when they did something.
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when they got good grades, when they made pitcher on the baseball team, when they made first chair in the orchestra, when they, right?
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When they, you know, set up a lemonade stand and made more money than anybody thought possible, whatever it was, right?
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And their parents, often their parents are immigrants or came from poverty, and they'll reward their kids when they do a thing,
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thinking that they're actually wiring in success and happiness for their kids.
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What they're telling their kids is that love is earned.
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They're teaching their kids that love is earned and they kids will learn that.
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And when your brain is synaptically plastic, boy, will you ever learn that lesson?
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And then you will go through life trying to earn love over and over and over and over again.
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You'll look for, if you're a man, you'll look for women who make you earn their love.
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Right?
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And that you'll spend your marriage trying to bring in more and more and more and more money, for example.
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Women will try to stay young forever by trying to earn their husband's love.
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You'll find that they will surround themselves with sycophants
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and yes -men who are just like fake friends who make these people earn their love with gifts and favors and fanciness.
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And you'll surround yourself with people because you believe that love is actually earned.
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Well, the truth is that that's wrong.
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Real love isn't earned.
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It's a free gift, freely given.
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It's a grace.
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Anybody who makes you earn their love doesn't love you.
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That's what it comes down to.
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they've, um, uh, evolved over the course of their lives and they're, they're, they're, they become success addicts,
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winning addicts, looking for the specialness and, and in the modern economy, when you can metastasize that from one to your family,
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to your community, to your church, to your city, to the whole world on the internet,
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then you're going to be searching for the adoration of strangers because it's the best possible dopamine hit that you can get.
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And life is going Don't get it.
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So this is a pathology that actually people have.
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And the more talented you are, the more danger you're in.
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Check out.
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Congratulations.
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You made it to the end of a clip and the full length episode is available right here.
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Go on.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “3 Questions That Reveal What Your Life Is Missing - Arthur Brooks”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: goal, meaning, sleep. Deze video bevat 176 zinnen en 2079 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 10:18. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 202 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 87% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| pathology zelfstandig naamwoord | /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ | pathologie |
| lever zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈliː.və/ | hefboom |
| confuse werkwoord | /kənˈfjuːz/ | verwarren, in de war brengen |
| addict zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | verslaafde |
| surround werkwoord | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | omgeven, omringen |
| fragile bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ | broos, fragiel |
| autopilot zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/ | automatische piloot |
| cryogenic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌkɹaɪoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ | cryogeen |
| dopamine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamine |
| fallacy zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfæl.ə.si/ | bedrieglijkheid |
| intimidate werkwoord | /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ | intimideren, inschuchteren |
| metastasize werkwoord | /məˈtæstəˌsaɪz/ | metastaseren, uitzaaien |
| nightgown zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/ | nachthemd |
| pillowcase zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɪloʊˌkeɪs/ | kussensloop |
| sycophant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪkəfænt/ | gatlikker, kontlikker |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| get up werkwoord | opstaan | |
| back up werkwoord | teruggaan | |
| check out werkwoord | onderzoeken | |
| go down werkwoord | afdalen | |
| set up werkwoord | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | bereiden, voorbereiden |
| work out werkwoord | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | uitrekenen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- What are the big questions that you should ask?
- Maybe that's a, maybe that's your religious answer.
- Second, why am I doing what I'm doing?
- So why am I doing what I'm doing?
- Why does my life matter?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Voorwaardelijke zinnen if + zin, will/would + werkwoord — een voorwaarde en het gevolg | if you're a man, you'll look · If you don't like it, they will give |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | meaning, which are · question, which is · mini, which is |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are called · is earned · is actually earned |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | they've added · has been |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 70 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, don't, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, nutritional /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ə.nəl/, optimization /ˌɑptəmaɪˈzeɪʃən/, affection /əˈfɛk.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/, metastasize /məˈtæstəˌsaɪz/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, metastasize /məˈtæstəˌsaɪz/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, fallacy /ˈfæl.ə.si/, metastasize /məˈtæstəˌsaɪz/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: nightgown /ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als pathology, lever, confuse.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.