跟读练习: 3 Questions That Reveal What Your Life Is Missing - Arthur Brooks - 通过视频学习英语口语
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How can people work out the meaning that they've got in their life?
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What are the big questions that you should ask?
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Yeah. So...
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There are three big why questions that constitute meaning.
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And this actually comes from the work of Michael Steger, who's a really good social psychologist at University of Michigan in Colorado.
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And he, uh, he has the three parts, the three elements of meaning, which are called coherence, purpose, and significance.
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And there are three why questions.
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Number one is, you have to have an answer to the question, you know, why are things happening the way they are in my life?
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You know, things are happening all around me all the time.
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Why?
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Part of meaning is having an answer to that.
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Maybe that's a, maybe that's your religious answer.
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like because of the mind of God.
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Maybe that's your scientific answer, because these are the laws of the universe.
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Maybe you're a conspiracy theorist and say, because powerful people are doing these things.
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Conspiracy theories are nothing more than crying out for an answer to the coherence question, which is a meaning problem.
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You know, when, so if you have a relative who's going down the rabbit hole on the craziest conspiracy theories, don't, you don't throw data in their face and say,
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you moron, that's the wrong way to approach it.
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They're, they're having a meaning crisis.
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They're having a happiness crisis is the reason they're doing this in the first place.
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So coherence, number one, you know, why things happen the way they do.
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Second, why am I doing what I'm doing?
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That's purpose purpose and meaning are not the same.
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Purpose is goals and direction so you can make progress.
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So why am I doing what I'm doing?
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And if the answer is, I don't know, then you can't make progress because we're just going in circles.
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You're just a, a, a carnival cruise ship, just kind of randomly going around and around and around and around.
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It's the reason I find cruises unbelievably depressing.
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They don't go someplace, right?
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I'm a teleological individual like you.
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I want a goal, right?
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And that's purpose.
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And, and so in the, in the, in the research, you know, Sonia Lou Womirsky's stuff, have you had her on the show?
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Next week or the week after?
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Super good.
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Yeah.
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She's awesome.
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And she's at UC Riverside and she does these work on goals and you'll give students these just random goals.
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Like you're getting a B minus in physics.
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You know, it's going to be plus this semester, just that goal.
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They get happier, they get more directed.
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Life seems better because they have more meaning in their life.
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That's what it comes down to.
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Even arbitrary goals work better to have meaningful goals and last, but at least the significance and that's.
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My life matters.
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You know, my life matters to someone.
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you know, to my dog, to my wife, to God, to my kids.
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And so that's the love question.
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And all these things are completely missing in modern culture for so many people.
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You know, why do things happen the way that they do?
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It's just random.
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I don't know.
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Why am I doing what I'm I get up and I surf, I get up and I go on a Zoom meeting for a company I don't really care about.
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And, you know, what is the significance of my life?
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Why does my life matter?
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I don't think it does.
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And that's, those are the three things to actually keep in mind.
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What happens psychologically when life feels random?
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When life feels random, then it feels like anything could happen at any time and there is no control.
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There are no levers that you can actually pull.
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So you, you're not an active player in your own life when there is no coherence, when you don't see a pattern, it's a big problem.
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You know, when you, when you, you remember when you learn to drive, how old do you have to be in the UK?
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17. Okay.
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And, and when you first, you know, you got a lot of confidence, but when you're looking at the traffic and all like, and it's like, it's like chaos.
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Wildly intimidating.
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I learned to drive in a mini, which is a very British way to do it, but it's fucking terrifying.
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You're like half the height of everybody else.
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Yeah.
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And you know, any, any system that you're in that doesn't seem to make sense, that's.
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that that that it tends to feel really really meaningless
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because you don't know what you can actually do to have some sense of agency.
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There's no sense of agency when there is no coherence, is what it comes down to.
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So, for example, if you believe that things happen the way they do because that's what God wills, then you're going to try to work that lever.
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You're going to pray.
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For example, you're going to have a relationship with God.
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If you believe it's because of the laws of science, you're going to learn more about science, and you're going to actually enter into that particular dimension.
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So, for example, I'm a behavioral scientist.
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I really believe in science.
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I really believe that it's just like, it gives you My job is to explain the science and explain how people can interact with the science.
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It's a pure coherence play is what it comes down to.
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And if it's all about conspiracy theories, then I'm going to get online and, you know, share them with my friends.
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So that's why coherence really matters, so that you can have agency over your life.
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And why are directionalists people so psychologically fragile?
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They're fragile because they don't know actually in which direction that they're going, which means they can't make progress.
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Now, remember this whole idea of happiness comes from making progress toward a goal.
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And there's tons of really interesting examples of this.
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The weight loss literature is super interesting in this.
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So, Diets are all effective and they're all catastrophic failures is what it comes down to.
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Effective insofar as that almost any diet will make you lose weight, but they have between an 80 and 95 % failure rate after a year, meaning you gain all the weight back and then some.
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It's a weird industry.
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It's like a $40 billion industry in the United States that fails.
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It's poroboros of nutritional advice.
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It's craziness.
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You know, 9 out of 10 times, they fail.
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Um, now, now why, why are they successful? Because
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in in economically it's because temporarily they make you make progress
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but they ultimately fail
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because once you get to your goal your goal weight the
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reward is never getting to eat what you like ever again for the rest of your life congratulations
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that and then you get the arrival fallacy is what it comes down to
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so what you want in life is something where you can
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just make constant progress i want to be like i want
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to be a better dad i want to be a better person i want to create "Eh, well, I got to the best dad I can possibly be,
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so that's all good." No, I can always work to be a better husband.
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I can always work to be a better friend.
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I can always work to be a better citizen.
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I can always work to love my country more.
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I can always work to actually do something more important in my work
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and reach more people with the moral objectives that I have.
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And that's what I need.
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I need goals I can't meet.
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I don't...
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I think that the confusing thing is that if...
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Significance is about being valuable to others and not famous.
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Why is it the case that modern people confuse the two?
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Part of the reason is because, um, what strivers they get into there's actually a pathology that that that is in the middle of this.
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So what you find is that certain people, Let me back up a little bit.
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I work, I'm sort of the striver whisperer.
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In my work, I specialize in people who do incredible things, right?
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And that's just because...
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That's fun, although it is, but because that's the kind of books that I write, you know, people who do amazing things and still don't have perfect lives.
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That's, kind of my area of research.
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as a matter of fact, they have a common childhood.
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And it kind of looks like this, you know, super strivers who are never satisfied and struggle.
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They generally speaking, um, found that they only got attention and affection from their parents when they did something.
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when they got good grades, when they made pitcher on the baseball team, when they made first chair in the orchestra, when they, right?
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When they, you know, set up a lemonade stand and made more money than anybody thought possible, whatever it was, right?
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And their parents, often their parents are immigrants or came from poverty, and they'll reward their kids when they do a thing,
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thinking that they're actually wiring in success and happiness for their kids.
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What they're telling their kids is that love is earned.
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They're teaching their kids that love is earned and they kids will learn that.
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And when your brain is synaptically plastic, boy, will you ever learn that lesson?
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And then you will go through life trying to earn love over and over and over and over again.
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You'll look for, if you're a man, you'll look for women who make you earn their love.
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Right?
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And that you'll spend your marriage trying to bring in more and more and more and more money, for example.
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Women will try to stay young forever by trying to earn their husband's love.
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You'll find that they will surround themselves with sycophants
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and yes -men who are just like fake friends who make these people earn their love with gifts and favors and fanciness.
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And you'll surround yourself with people because you believe that love is actually earned.
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Well, the truth is that that's wrong.
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Real love isn't earned.
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It's a free gift, freely given.
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It's a grace.
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Anybody who makes you earn their love doesn't love you.
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That's what it comes down to.
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they've, um, uh, evolved over the course of their lives and they're, they're, they're, they become success addicts,
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winning addicts, looking for the specialness and, and in the modern economy, when you can metastasize that from one to your family,
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to your community, to your church, to your city, to the whole world on the internet,
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then you're going to be searching for the adoration of strangers because it's the best possible dopamine hit that you can get.
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And life is going Don't get it.
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So this is a pathology that actually people have.
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And the more talented you are, the more danger you're in.
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为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
观看这个关于“揭示你生活缺失的三大问题”的视频可以为你的口语练习提供一个极佳的上下文。视频中探讨了人与生活意义的关系，适合希望在深层次对话中表达观点的学习者。通过模仿视频中的表达，你不仅能提升口语流利度，还能更好地理解和运用相关的词汇和句型。使用shadowspeak的方法，你可以在重复中逐渐掌握这些表达，为雅思口语练习提供实质帮助。
语法与表达在上下文中的应用
视频中使用的几个关键句型可为学习者提供宝贵的学习参考：
- “为什么事情会以这样的方式发生？” - 这是一个引导深思的问题，适合在讨论经历或故事时使用。
- “我为什么要做我正在做的事情？” - 反思目的时的表达，帮助提升对“目的”的理解，非常适合雅思口语的个人叙述。
- “我的生命对某人重要吗？” - 用于表达情感联系和生命意义的句子，适合在谈论社会关系时使用。
通过使用这些句型，你能更自信地参与各种话题讨论，提高口语表达的深度和广度。
常见的发音陷阱
在视频中，有些词汇和句子结构的发音对学习者来说可能具有挑战性：
- “coherence” - 发音较复杂，注意重音和音节划分。
- “significance” - 注意音节的连读和流畅度，确保在说话时能够清晰表达。
- “conspiracy” - 有时容易混淆，学习者需注意每个音节的清晰发音。
在模仿视频内容时，特别关注这些词汇的发音，能够帮助你在口语中更准确地表达意图，提高与他人沟通的信心。
通过这些练习，结合看YouTube学英语和shadowing的策略，你会发现自己的英语口语能力逐渐提升，特别是在雅思口语测试中表现更为突出。尽情享受练习的过程吧！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。